- Volume 64, Issue Pt_8, 2014

The taxonomic position of strain JL-22T, isolated from litter of a bamboo (Sasa borealis) forest, was determined using a polyphasic approach. The organism had phenotypic and morphological properties consistent with it being a member of the genus Streptomyces . Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain JL-22T was closely related to Streptomyces prunicolor NRRL B-12281T (99.2 %), Streptomyces galilaeus JCM 4757T (99.0 %) and Streptomyces chartreusis NBRC 12753T (99.0 %). However, the results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests showed that strain JL-22T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives both genotypically and phenotypically. Based on phenotypic and genotypic data, strain JL-22T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces graminifolii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JL-22T ( = KACC 17180T = NBRC 109806T).

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, coccus-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain XH208T, was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample collected from the South Pacific Gyre (41° 58′ S 163° 11′ W) during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 329. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XH208T belonged to the genus Luteococcus and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Luteococcus peritonei CCUG 38120T (96.9 %), Luteococcus japonicus DSM 10546T (95.4 %) and Luteococcus sanguinis CCUG 33897T (95.2 %). The DNA G+C content of strain XH208T was 66.9 mol%. The cell wall of strain XH208T possessed a type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-diaminopimelic acid–glycine), and ribose, glucose and galactose as the major whole-cell sugars. The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 1ω6c, and C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c (summed feature 3). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H4). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. On the basis of data from the polyphasic analysis, strain XH208T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteococcus , for which the name Luteococcus sediminum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XH208T ( = DSM 27277T = JCM 19259T).

Two actinomycete strains, KK1-2T and CPB4-7, were isolated from marine sediments collected in Chumphon province, Thailand. Chumphon province, Thailand. Their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. The morphological, cultural and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these isolates were consistent with the classification of the strains as representing a member of the genus Streptomyces . They contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in their cell wall peptidoglycan; the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. The predominant menaquinones were MK9-(H6) and MK9-(H8). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, these isolates were determined to be closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis JCM 16958T (98.2 %), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. paromomycinus JCM 4541T (98.1 %), Streptomyces sclerotialus JCM 4828T (98.1 %) and Streptomyces flocculus JCM 4476T (98.0 %). The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains KK1-2T and CPB4-7 were 73.3 and 74.2 mol%, respectively. They could be clearly distinguished from the related type strains by a low DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic differences. On the basis of these results, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces chumphonensis sp. nov. (type strain KK1-2T = JCM 18522T = TISTR 2106T = PCU 330T) is proposed.

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated, NIO-1009T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from Chorao Island, Goa, India. Phylogenetic analysis comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences between strain NIO-1009T and other members of the genus Rhodococcus revealed that strain NIO-1009T had the closest sequence similarity to Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii DSM 44908T and Rhodococcus corynebacterioides DSM 20151T with 99.2 and 99.1 %, respectively. Furthermore, DNA–DNA hybridization results showed that R. kroppenstedtii DSM 44908T and R. corynebacterioides DSM 20151T were 39.5 (3.0 %) and 41.7 (2.0 %) with strain NIO-1009T, respectively, which were well below the 70 % limit for any novel species proposal. Phylogenetically strain NIO-1009T forms a stable clade with and R. kroppenstedtii DSM 44908T and R. corynebacterioides DSM 20151T with 100 % bootstrap values. Strain NIO-1009T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and galactose and arabinose as the cell wall sugars. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 1(ω6c and/or ω7c) and 10-methyl C18 : 0. The only menaquinone detected was MK-8(H2), while the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and one unknown phospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.9 mol%. The phenotypic and genotypic data showed that strain NIO-1009T warrants recognition as a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus for which the name Rhodococcus enclensis sp. nov., is proposed; the type strain is NIO-1009T ( = NCIM 5452T = DSM 45688T).

An actinomycete strain, K12-0602T, was isolated from the root of a Helleborus orientalis plant in Japan. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K12-0602T showed that it had a close relationship with members of the family Micromonosporaceae and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain K12-0602T and type strains of type species of 27 genera belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae were below 96.2 %. MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) were detected as major menaquinones, and galactose, xylose, mannose and ribose were present in the whole-cell hydrolysate. The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. Major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω9c and anteiso-C17 : 0. Phosphatidylethanolamine was detected as the phospholipid corresponding to phospholipid type II. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67 mol%. Analyses of the cell-wall peptidoglycan by TLC and LC/MS showed that it was composed of alanine, glycine, hydroxylglutamic acid and an unknown amino acid, which was subsequently determined to be 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid using instrumental analyses, including NMR and mass spectrometry. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain K12-0602T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae , for which the name Rhizocola hellebori gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is K12-0602T ( = NBRC 109834T = DSM 45988T). This is the first report, to our knowledge, of 3,4-dihydroxydiaminopimelic acid being found as a diamino acid in bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan.

A rod- to coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain YIM M13091T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the South China Sea and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. This Gram-staining-positive, aerobic actinobacterium did not produce substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigments were produced on the media tested. The optimum growth occurred at 30 °C, 1 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 8.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate belongs to the genus Nocardioides , with low levels (≤96.2 %) of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides kribbensis KSL-2T and other members of the genus Nocardioides . Whole-organism hydrolysates of the strain contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), with MK-8 in a minor amount. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, hydroxyphosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, were the main polar lipids detected, while iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were the major fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.5 mol%. Based on phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic and genotypic data, it is concluded that the isolate represents a member of the genus Nocardioides , and the name Nocardioides nanhaiensis sp. nov. (Type strain YIM M13091T = JCM 18127T = CCTCC AA 2011020T) is proposed for the novel species.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pale yellow, irregular rod-shaped bacterium designated strain HWE2-01T was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HWE2-01T belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and showed sequence similarity levels of 97.1–97.7 % with species of the genus Salinibacterium , 95.9–97.6 % with species of the genus Leifsonia and 97.1 % with Homoserinimonas aerilata . The highest sequence similarity (97.7 %) was with Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543T. The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 68.1 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain HWE2-01T was anteiso-C15 : 0, major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-9 and MK-11, and diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. The cell-wall sugars of strain HWE2-01T were galactose, mannose and rhamnose. The murein was of the acetyl type. Based on the results of the phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain HWE2-01T differed in some respects from other members of the family Microbacteriaceae . Therefore, strain HWE2-01T is proposed to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae with the name Conyzicola lurida gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain = HWE2-01T = KCTC 29231T = JCM 19257T).

A novel halophilic, filamentous actinomycete, designated strain AFM 10251T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Dead Sea, Israel. The isolate grew with 10–35 % multi-salts, and did not grow without NaCl or MgCl2. The isolate formed a white aerial mycelium, and long chains of arthrospores with more than 10 spores per chain. The spores were spherical or oval with warty surfaces, and sterile mycelium was present between individual spores. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and a small proportion of ll-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall diamino acids, and galactose and arabinose as whole-cell sugars. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and three unknown phospholipids. Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain AFM 10251T was 66.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AFM 10251T and the genus Actinopolyspora formed a distinct lineage. Analysis of the secondary structures of variable areas of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain AFM 10251T was different from all recognized species of the genus Actinopolyspora and members of the family Pseudonocardiaceae . Analysis of the signature nucleotides of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain AFM 10251T and Actinopolyspora halophila formed a single group, but with base pair differences at positions 127 : 234 and 183 : 194. On the basis of analysis of chemical and molecular characteristics, strain AFM 10251T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Actinopolysporaceae , for which the name Halopolyspora alba gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Halopolyspora alba is AFM 10251T ( = DSM 45976T = CGMCC 4.7114T).

Six Gram-positive-staining, microaerophilic, non-spore-forming, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive bacterial strains with a peculiar morphology were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Cells of these strains showed a morphology not reported previously for a bifidobacterial species, which resembled a coiled snake, always coiled or ring shaped or forming a ‘Y’ shape. Strains MRM 3/1T and MRM 4/2 were chosen as representative strains and characterized further. The bacteria utilized a wide range of carbohydrates and produced urease. Glucose was fermented to acetate and lactate. Strain MRM 3/1T showed a peptidoglycan type unique among members of the genus Bifidobacterium . The DNA base composition was 64.7 mol% G+C. Almost-complete 16S rRNA, hsp60, clpC and rpoB gene sequences were obtained and phylogenetic relationships were determined. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains MRM 3/1T and MRM 4/2 had the highest similarities to Bifidobacterium scardovii DSM 13734T (94.6 %) and Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968T (94.5 %). Analysis of hsp60 showed that both strains were closely related to B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T (97.5 % similarity); however, despite this high degree of similarity, our isolates could be distinguished from B. stellenboschense DSM 23968T by low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness (30.4 % with MRM 3/1T). Strains MRM 3/1T and MRM 4/2 were located in an actinobacterial cluster and were more closely related to the genus Bifidobacterium than to other genera in the family Bifidobacteriaceae . On the basis of these results, strains MRM 3/1T and MRM 4/2 represent a novel species within the genus Bifidobacterium , for which the name Bifidobacterium aesculapii sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is MRM 3/1T ( = DSM 26737T = JCM 18761T).

An actinomycetes strain A-T 1946T that developed spherical sporangia containing non-motile spores on aerial mycelia was isolated from dry deciduous forest soil in Thailand. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain A-T 1946T belongs to the genus Sinosporangium , being closely related to Sinosporangium album 6014T (98.8 % sequence similarity). The DNA–DNA relatedness values were 43.7–50.9 %, which were significantly below 70 % and differentiated strain A-T 1946T from the closest species. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose, ribose, madurose and glucose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H2). The diagnostic phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, two unknown phosphoglycolipids and two unknown phospholipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were unsaturated C16 : 1 and C17 : 1, and saturated C16 : 0 and 10-methyl-C17 : 0. Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species of genus Sinosporangium to be named Sinosporangium siamense sp. nov. The type strain is A-T 1946T ( = BCC 29081T = NBRC 109515T). An emended description of the genus Sinosporangium is also provided.

A novel actinomycete strain, designated YIM M13705T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample of the South China Sea and its characteristics were determined by a polyphasic approach. The slowly growing, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic strain produced branched substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae, and no diffusible pigment was produced on the media tested. At maturity, spore chains were formed on aerial hyphae and substrate mycelium was not fragmented. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and galactose, glucose, ribose and rhamnose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-10(H2). The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids. The major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2  mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain was shown to be most closely related to species of the genus Actinophytocola . DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness values (<70 %) of the isolate with its closest neighbour Actinophytocola xinjiangensis QAIII60T supported classification of the isolate as a representative of a novel species. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic and genotypic data, it is concluded that the new isolate belongs to a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola , for which the name Actinophytocola sediminis sp. nov. (type strain YIM M13705T = DSM 45939T = BCRC 16956T) is proposed.

A Gram-reaction-positive bacterial isolate, designated Tü 6233T, with rudimentary, coral-pink vegetative mycelium that formed neither aerial mycelium nor spores, was isolated from a Brazilian soil sample. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus . Cell-wall hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and galactose as the diagnostic sugar. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c and the predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown glycophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 75.4 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with members of the genus Geodermatophilus was 94.2–98.7 %. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain Tü 6233T is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus brasiliensis sp. nov., with the type strain Tü 6233T ( = DSM 44526T = CECT 8402T).

Six strains of a hitherto unknown, Gram-stain-positive coccus were recovered from samples of Spanish-style green-olive fermentations. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from these isolates shared 98.7 % and 98.5 % of their nucleotide positions with those from Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. taiwanensis 812T and from E. saccharolyticus subsp. saccharolyticus ATCC 43076T, respectively. The sequence of the rpoA gene in the isolates was 95 % similar to that of E. saccharolyticus CECT 4309T ( = ATCC 43076T). The 16S rRNA and rpoA gene phylogenies revealed that the isolates grouped in a statistically well-supported cluster separate from E. saccharolyticus . Enzyme activity profiles as well as fermentation patterns differentiated the novel bacteria from other members of the Enterococcus genus. Finally, phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data supported the identification of a novel species of the genus Enterococcus , for which the name Enterococcus olivae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IGG16.11T ( = CECT 8063T = DSM 25431T).

A novel aerobic, halotolerant bacterium, designated strain LAM612T, was isolated from saline-alkaline soil samples from Lingxian County, Shandong Province, China. Cells of strain LAM612T were Gram-reaction-positive, endospore-forming, motile and rod-shaped. The optimal temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. Strain LAM612T could grow in the presence of up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. The genomic DNA G+C conten was 36.4 mol% as detected by the T m method. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that LAM612T was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis KACC 16611T (98.0 %), L. chungkukjangi KACC 16626T (97.5 %), L. massiliensis KCTC 13178T (97.4 %), L. xylanilyticus KACC 15113T (97.2 %), L. macroides DSM 54T (97.0 %) and L. manganicus DSM 26584T (96.5 %). The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain LAM612T and its closest relatives ranged from 20.6 % to 41.9 %. The major fatty acids of strain LAM612T were iso-C15 : 0 (40.8 %), iso-C16 : 0 (15.2 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %). The cell-wall peptidoglycan content was A4α (l-Lys–d-Asp). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown phospholipids, five unknown glycolipids and an unknown lipid. Based on the DNA–DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties, strain LAM612T could be distinguished from the recognized species of the genus Lysinibacillus , and was suggested to represent a novel species of this genus, for which the name Lysinibacillus halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LAM612T ( = ACCC 00718T = JCM 19611T).

Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus , with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. Mboho2r2 isolated from the stomach of a European honeybee (Apis mellifera). Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. However, phylogenetic analyses based on different markers revealed that this species is phylogenetically very distant from the novel strains. The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2T is 37.8 mol%. The fatty acids C19 : 1ω6c and/or C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0 were predominant in all strains. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, seven glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids were detected in the novel strains. Growth was observed at 47 °C. The peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys–d-Asp was determined for strain BTLCH M1/2T. Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus , for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BTLCH M1/2T ( = DSM 26517T = CCM 8440T).

Three strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacteria, designated strains ACB1T, ACB7T and ACB8, were isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. All strains required yeast extract for growth. Strains ACB1T and ACB8 were able to grow on glucose, lactose, maltose, maltodextrin and raffinose; strain ACB7T grew weakly on sucrose only. The growth temperature range was 30–42 °C with optimum growth at 37 °C. Major metabolic fermentation end products of strain ACB1T were acetate and lactate; the only product of strains ACB7T and ACB8 was acetate. Major fatty acids of strain ACB1T were C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c dimethyl aldehyde (DMA) and C18 : 1ω7c DMA. Major fatty acids of strain ACB7T were C12 : 0, C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and C16 : 1ω7c DMA. The hydrolysate of the peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating peptidoglycan type A1γ. Genomic DNA G+C content varied from 42 to 43.3 % between strains. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strains ACB1T, ACB8 and ACB7T formed two separate branches within the genus Oribacterium , with 98.1–98.6 % sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species, Oribacterium sinus . Predicted DNA–DNA hybridization values between strains ACB1T, ACB8, ACB7T and O. sinus F0268 were <70 %. Based on distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strains ACB1T and ACB8, and strain ACB7T are considered to represent two distinct species of the genus Oribacterium , for which the names Oribacterium parvum sp. nov. and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are ACB1T ( = DSM 24637T = HM-481T = ATCC BAA-2638T) and ACB7T ( = DSM 24638T = HM-482T = ATCC BAA-2639T), respectively.

A novel strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, organotrophic bacterium, strain P3M-3T, was isolated from a microbial mat formed under the flow of hot water emerging from a 2775 m-deep well in Tomsk region (western Siberia, Russia). Cells of strain P3M-3T were straight and curved rods, 0.2–0.4 µm in width and 1.5–20 µm in length. Strain P3M-3T grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0–7.5 and in a NaCl concentration of 15 g l−1. Under optimum growth conditions, the doubling time was 1 h. The isolate was able to ferment a variety of mono-, di- and polysaccharides, including microcrystalline cellulose. Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were the main products of glucose fermentation. The DNA G+C content was 33.4 mol%. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain P3M-3T was a member of family Lachnospiraceae , whose representatives are also found in Clostridium cluster XIVa. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium jejuense HY-35-12T, the closest relative, was 93.9 %. A novel genus and species, Mobilitalea sibirica gen. nov., sp. nov., are proposed based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate. The type strain of the type species is P3M-3T ( = DSM 26468T = VKM B-2804T).

Strain W126T, a Gram-reaction-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from selenium mineral soil in Hubei province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Paenibacillus , with 97.9 % sequence similarity to Paenibacillus anaericanus MH21T, while compared with the other species of the genus Paenibacillus , the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were less than 96.0 %. DNA–DNA hybridization between strain W126T and Paenibacillus anaericanus DSM 15890T was 24 %. The major isoprenoid menaquinone was menaquinone-7. Anteiso-C15 : 0 was the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown lipid. Strain W126T contained A1γ-meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicate that strain W126T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus selenii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W126T ( = KCTC 33420T = CCTCC AB 2014003T).