- Volume 64, Issue Pt_8, 2014

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated BUT-2T, was isolated from activated sludge of one herbicide-manufacturing wastewater-treatment facility in Kunshan, Jiangsu province, China, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic studies. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BUT-2T shared the highest similarity with Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum (98.98 %), followed by Chryseomicrobium imtechense (98.88 %), with less than 96 % similarlity to members of the genera Paenisporosarcina , Planococcus , Sporosarcina and Planomicrobium . Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain BUT-2T clustered with C. amylolyticum JC16T and C. imtechense MW10T, occupying a distinct phylogenetic position. The major fatty acid (>10 % of total fatty acids) type of strain BUT-2T was iso-C15 : 0. The quinone system comprised menaquinone MK-7 (77.8 %), MK-6 (11.9 %) and MK-8 (10.3 %). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and some unidentified phospholipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type of strain BUT-2T was l-Orn-d-Glu. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain BUT-2T was 48.5 mol%. Furthermore, the DNA–DNA relatedness in hybridization experiments against the reference strain was lower than 70 %, confirming that strain BUT-2T did not belong to previously described species of the genus Chryseomicrobium . On the basis of its morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as phylogenetic analysis, strain BUT-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium , for which the name Chryseomicrobium aureum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BUT-2T ( = CCTCC AB2013082T = KACC 17219T).

A Gram-staining-positive bacterium, designated strain XN13T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from ALaShan National Geological Park in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain XN13T was found to have a range of chemical and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Planomicrobium . Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain XN13T was related to members of the genus Planomicrobium . The closest phylogenetic relatives were Planomicrobium okeanokoites NBRC 12536T, Planomicrobium koreense JG07T, Planomicrobium mcmeekinii S23F2T and Planomicrobium flavidum ISL-41T with 98.2 %, 97.8 %, 97.8 % and 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c alcohol, iso-C14 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. The predominant menaquinones were MK-8 and MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 40.3 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain XN13T and Planomicrobium okeanokoites KCTC 3672T, Planomicrobium koreense KCTC 3684T, P. mcmeekinii CGMCC 1.2724T, Planomicrobium flavidum KCTC 13261T, Planomicrobium chinense CGMCC 1.3454T and Planomicrobium glaciei CGMCC 1.6846T were 36 %, 30 %, 34 %, 29 %, 30 % and 31 %, respectively. The organism is different from recognized species of the genus Planomicrobium in several phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain XN13T represents a novel species of the genus Planomicrobium , for which the name Planomicrobium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XN13T ( = CGMCC 1.12259T = KCTC 33047T).

A novel thermophilic, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, strain skLN1T, was isolated from the sediment of a freshwater lake in Japan. Cells of strain skLN1T were rod-shaped and Gram-stain-variable. A KOH lysis test suggested that the cell wall of the isolate has a Gram-positive structure. For aerobic growth, the optimum pH was pH 7.25–7.50 and the optimum temperature was 50–52 °C. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 50.8 mol%. Nitrate was reduced to nitrite. Alicyclic fatty acids were not detected, and branched-chain fatty acids were major components in the cellular fatty acid profile. MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolated strain was related most closely to Alicyclobacillus consociatus CCUG 53762T (95 % similarity). This analysis also showed that the monophyly of the genus Alicyclobacillus had been lost. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization, Effusibacillus lacus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Effusibacillus lacus is skLN1T ( = NBRC 109614T = DSM 27172T). It is also proposed that Alicyclobacillus pohliae and Alicyclobacillus consociatus should be reclassified to the genus Effusibacillus as Effusibacillus pohliae comb. nov. and Effusibacillus consociatus comb. nov., respectively.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, moderately halophilic rod, designated strain R1T, was isolated from rice husks and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain R1T produced spherical or ellipsoidal endospores at a subterminal position in swollen sporangia, and was catalase- and oxidase-positive. The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 6.0–7.0, and could grow in the presence of up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain R1T belongs to the genus Bacillus . The closest relatives of strain R1T were Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis NCIB 3610T, Bacillus aquimaris TF-12T, and Bacillus marisflavi TF-11T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.0 %, 98.4 %, and 98.7 %, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness values between the isolate and the reference strains were ≤42±3 %. The predominant menaquinones were MK-5 (50 %) and MK-7 (50 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (48.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (20.6 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics, it is concluded that strain R1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which we propose the name Bacillus oryzaecorticis sp. nov. The type strain is R1T ( = KACC 17217T = KCCM 90231T = JCM 19602T).

A novel anaerobic, mesophilic, hydrogen-producing bacterium, designated strain M2/40T, was isolated from a mesophilic, two-phase, laboratory-scale biogas reactor fed continuously with maize silage supplemented with 5 % wheat straw. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed an affiliation to the genus Clostridium sensu stricto (cluster I of the clostridia), with Clostridium cellulovorans as the closest characterized species, showing 93.8 % sequence similarity to the type strain. Cells of strain M2/40T were rods to elongated filamentous rods that showed variable Gram staining. Optimal growth occurred at 35 °C and at pH 7. Grown on glucose, the main fermentation products were H2, CO2, formate, lactate and propionate. The DNA G+C content was 29.6 mol%. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, summed feature 10 (C18 : 1ω11c/ω9t/ω6t and/or unknown ECL 17.834) and C18 : 1ω11c dimethylacetal. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic differences, strain M2/40T represents a novel species within the genus Clostridium , for which we propose the name Clostridium bornimense sp. nov. The type strain is M2/40T ( = DSM 25664T = CECT 8097T).

A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, moderately alkaliphilic bacterium, strain NPK15T, was isolated from a typical sandy loam soil under long-term NPK fertilization in northern China and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain NPK15T was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were xylose, glucose and traces of mannose. The only respiratory quinone found in strain NPK15T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis of the strain based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that it was related most closely to ‘ Bacillus thaonhiensis ’ KACC 17216 (99.59 %), B. songklensis KCTC 13881T (99.52 %) and B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074T (99.00 %). DNA–DNA hybridization results indicated that the strain was distinct from other species of the genus Bacillus , the degree of relatedness being 35.4 % with B. abyssalis CCTCC AB 2012074T, 39.7 % with B. songklensis KCTC 13881T and 51.2 % with ‘ B. thaonhiensis ’ KACC 17216. The DNA G+C content of strain NPK15T was 45.5 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses identified strain NPK15T as a member of a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus fengqiuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NPK15T ( = DSM 26745T = CCTCC AB 2013156T).

A Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KUDC0114T, was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Elymus tsukushiensis from Dongdo Island, one of the largest of the Dokdo Islands, South Korea. The strain displayed optimal growth at 37 °C, pH 8.5 in the absence of NaCl. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain KUDC0114T represented a member of the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus taichungensis BCRC 17757T (98.46 %). The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A1γ type, and the predominant quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The DNA–DNA hybridization of strain KUDC0114T with nine other strains indicated less than 23 % relatedness, and its DNA G+C content was 44.30 mol%. Based on genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, KUDC0114T should be classified as representing novel species within the genus Paenibacillus . The name Paenibacillus dongdonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KUDC0114T ( = DSM27607T = KCTC33221T).

Two strains of lactic acid bacteria, Nu27T and Nu29, were isolated from Nukadoko, rice bran paste for Japanese pickles. The isolates were Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, catalase-negative, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic lactic acid bacteria. The isolates showed identical 16S rRNA gene sequences. The closest relatives to strain Nu27T based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were Lactobacillus versmoldensis KU-3T (98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Lactobacillus nodensis iz4bT (96.3 %) and Lactobacillus tucceti CECT 5290T (97.2 %). DNA–DNA relatedness values revealed genotype separation of the two isolates from the above three species. Based on the physiological, biochemical and genotypic characteristics provided, the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus , for which name is Lactobacillus furfuricola proposed. The type strain is Nu 27T ( = JCM 18764T = NRIC 0900T = DSM 27174T).

Strain CMB17T was a short rod-shaped bacterium isolated from marine sediment of the Pacific Ocean. Cells were Gram-stain-negative and non-motile. Optimal growth occurred at 25–30 °C, pH 6.5–7 and 0.5–1 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7c (87.59 %), and ubiquinone-10 was detected as the only isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 62.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CMB17T is most closely related to Paracoccus stylophorae KTW-16T (96.7 %), P. solventivorans DSM 6637T (96.4 %) and P. saliphilus YIM 90738T (96.4 %). Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CMB17T is proposed to represent a novel species, denominated Paracoccus sediminis sp. nov. (type strain CMB17T = JCM 18467T = DSM 26170T = CGMCC 1.12681T).

A brown-coloured bacterium, designated strain JA633T, was purified from a photoheterotrophic enrichment culture obtained from black sand of a lagoon. Cells of strain JA633T were coccoid–spherical, Gram-stain-negative and motile by means of polar flagella. Strain JA633T had an obligate requirement for NaCl and could tolerate up to 4 % (w/v) NaCl. Internal photosynthetic membranes were present as vesicles. Photo-organoheterotrophy was the only growth mode observed. Strain JA633T contained bacteriochlorophyll a and a major (>85 %) unidentified carotenoid of the spirilloxanthin series. Thiamine and p-aminobenzoic acid were required for growth. Major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphotidylcholine and an unknown aminophospholipid were the major polar lipids in strain JA633T. The DNA G+C content of strain JA633T was 64.5 mol%. Strain JA633T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of Thiorhodococcus kakinadensis (96.9 %), Thiophaeococcus mangrovi (96.3 %) and Thiorhodococcus bheemlicus (96.2 %), which belonged to the class Gammaproteobacteria . However, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA633T formed a separate clade along with Thiophaeococcus mangrovi JA304T whereas the members of the genus Thiorhodococcus remained as two distinct phylogenetic lineages. Based on morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and molecular evidence, strain JA633T was significantly different from the type strain of Thiophaeococcus mangrovi of the family Chromatiaceae . It is thus proposed that the strain be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Thiophaeococcus fuscus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA633T ( = KCTC 15337T = NBRC 109958T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated RSS4-C1T, was isolated from a golden sea squirt (Halocynthia aurantium) collected from the East Sea, South Korea. The novel strain grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 1.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain RSS4-C1T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Litoreibacter . Strain RSS4-C1T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.6 %) to the type strain of Litoreibacter albidus and sequence similarities of 96.5–98.5 % to type strains of other recognized species of the genus Litoreibacter . Strain RSS4-C1T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c and 11-methyl-C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain RSS4-C1T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain RSS4-C1T was 58.0 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness values with type strains of four species of the genus Litoreibacter were 21–34 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain RSS4-C1T is distinct from other species of the genus Litoreibacter . On the basis of the data presented, strain RSS4-C1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Litoreibacter , for which the name Litoreibacter ascidiaceicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RSS4-C1T ( = KCTC 42050T = CECT 8539T).

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GJR-7T, was isolated from coastal sand of the South Sea of South Korea. Strain GJR-7T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and without NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GJR-7T clustered with the type strains of Sphingopyxis wooponensis , Sphingopyxis rigui and Sphingorhabdus planktonica , with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.0–96.3 %. Sequence similarities to the type strains of other recognized species were less than 95.5 %. Strain GJR-7T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) or C14 : 0 2-OH. The major polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain GJR-7T was 55.5 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GJR-7T is separated from the type strains of Sphingopyxis wooponensis , Sphingopyxis rigui and Sphingorhabdus planktonica . On the basis of the data presented, strain GJR-7T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphingorhabdus , for which the name Sphingorhabdus arenilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJR-7T ( = KCTC 42051T = CECT 8531T). It is also proposed that Sphingopyxis wooponensis and Sphingopyxis rigui should be reclassified as members of the genus Sphingorhabdus .

A light-pink-pigmented, microaerophilic bacterium was obtained from a methanotrophic consortium enriched from acidic Sphagnum peat and designated strain Pf56T. Cells of this bacterium were Gram-negative, non-motile, thick curved rods that contained a vesicular intracytoplasmic membrane system characteristic of some purple non-sulfur alphaproteobacteria. The absorption spectrum of acetone/methanol extracts of cells grown in the light showed maxima at 363, 475, 505, 601 and 770 nm; the peaks at 363 and 770 nm are characteristic of bacteriochlorophyll a. However, in contrast to purple non-sulfur bacteria, strain Pf56T was unable to grow phototrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Best growth occurred on some sugars and organic acids under micro-oxic conditions by means of fermentation. The fermentation products were propionate, acetate and hydrogen. Slow chemo-organotrophic growth was also observed under fully oxic conditions. Light stimulated growth. C1 substrates were not utilized. Strain Pf56T grew at pH 4.0–7.0 (optimum pH 5.5–6.5) and at 15–30 °C (optimum 22–28 °C). The major cellular fatty acids were 19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and 18 : 1ω7c; quinones were represented by ubiquinone Q-10. The G+C content of the DNA was 70.0 mol%. Strain Pf56 displays 93.6–94.7 and 92.7–93.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to members of the families Methylocystaceae and Beijerinckiaceae , respectively, and belongs to a large cluster of environmental sequences retrieved from various wetlands and forest soils in cultivation-independent studies. Phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain Pf56T suggest that it represents a novel genus and species of bacteriochlorophyll a-containing fermentative bacteria, for which the name Roseiarcus fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Strain Pf56T ( = DSM 24875T = VKM B-2876T) is the type strain of Roseiarcus fermentans, and is also the first characterized member of a novel family within the class Alphaproteobacteria , Roseiarcaceae fam. nov.

Strain BUT-14T, a Gram-reaction-negative, non-spore-forming, ellipse-shaped bacterium, was isolated from activated sludge of a chloroacetamide-herbicides-manufacturing wastewater treatment facility. The strain was able to degrade more than 90 % of butachlor, acetochlor and alachlor (100 mg l−1) within 5 days of incubation. The taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BUT-14T was a member of the genus Novosphingobium and showed the highest sequence similarities to Novosphingobium soli DSM 22821T (97.9 %), N. naphthalenivorans KACC 15258T (97.4 %), N. pentaromativorans JCM 12182T (97.4 %) and N. barchaimii DSM 25411T (97.1 %) and lower (<97 %) sequence similarities to all other species of the genus Novosphingobium . Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain BUT-14T possessed Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, spermidine as the major polyamine and C18 : 1ω7c (46.9 %), C17 : 1ω6c (17.9 %), summed feature 3, C14 : 0 2-OH (4.4 %), C15 : 0 2-OH (3.1 %) and C16 : 0 (5.51 %) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids included lipid, glycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid and phospatidyldimethylethanolamine. Strain BUT-14T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness with N. soli DSM 22821T (41.5±2.9 %), N. naphthalenivorans JCM 12182T (49.2±4.2 %), N. pentaromativorans KACC 12295T (53.2±1.9 %) and N. barchaimii DSM 25411 (51.2±4.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 66±0.3 mol%. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic data and DNA–DNA hybridization supports the suggestion that strain BUT-14T represents a novel species of the genus Novosphingobium , for which the name Novosphingobium chloroacetimidivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BUT-14T ( = CCTCC AB 2013086T = KACC 17147T = JCM 19923T).

Two Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strains with different colony colours (greyish yellow and moderate orange), designated J-MR2-YT and J-MR2-O, were isolated from a tidal flat in the South Sea of South Korea. The two novel strains grew optimally at 35–37 °C. Strains J-MR2-YT and J-MR2-O showed no difference in their 16S rRNA gene sequences, and the mean DNA–DNA relatedness between them was 94 %. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains J-MR2-YT and J-MR2-O clustered consistently with the type strains of Loktanella soesokkakensis , L. hongkongensis and L. cinnabarina , with which it exhibited 97.83–99.06 % sequence similarity. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other recognized species of the genus Loktanella were 94.01–96.26 %. Both strains contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid and phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminolipid as the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains J-MR2-YT and J-MR2-O were 68.1 and 68.4 mol%, respectively, and DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of L. soesokkakensis , L. hongkongensis and L. cinnabarina were 19–37 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with their phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that the two novel strains are separated from other species of the genus Loktanella . On the basis of the data presented, strains J-MR2-YT and J-MR2-O are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella , for which the name Loktanella variabilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J-MR2-YT ( = KCTC 42074T = CECT 8572T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and pleomorphic (coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped) bacterial strain, BS-W15T, isolated from a tidal flat sediment at Boseong in South Korea, was characterized taxonomically. Strain BS-W15T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of approximately 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain BS-W15T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Profundibacterium mesophilum , Hwanghaeicola aestuarii , M. pelagius and M. salinus , showing 93.5–96.4 % sequence similarities. Strain BS-W15T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain BS-W15T contained phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol as major components, differentiating it from those of the type strains of P. mesophilum , H. aestuarii , M. pelagius and M. salinus . The DNA G+C content of strain BS-W15T was 58.7 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, demonstrate that strain BS-W15T is distinct from type strains of P. mesophilum , H. aestuarii , M. pelagius and M. salinus . On the basis of the data presented, strain BS-W15T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Boseongicola aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BS-W15T ( = KCTC 32576T = CECT 8489T).

A novel bacterial strain, NH131T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment of South China Sea. Cells were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped and motile with a single lateral flagellum. Strain NH131T grew optimally at pH 6.5–7.0 and 25–30 °C. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain NH131T belonged to the genus Devosia , sharing the highest sequence similarity with the type strain, Devosia geojensis BD-c194T (96.2 %). The predominant fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 0 and C16 : 0. Ubiquinone 10 was the predominant ubiquinone. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, three glycolipids and two unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain NH131T was 63.0 mol%. On the basis of the results of polyphasic identification, it is suggested that strain NH131T represents a novel species of the genus Devosia for which the name Devosia pacifica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NH131T ( = JCM 19305T = KCTC 32437T).

A Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain, 10-17T, was isolated from traditional sourdough in Heilongjiang Province, China. The bacterium was characterized by a polyphasic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, RNA polymerase β subunit (rpoB) gene sequence analysis, DNA gyrase (gyrB) gene sequence analysis, initiation translation factor 2 (infB) gene sequence analysis, ATP synthase β subunit (atpD) gene sequence analysis, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, determination of DNA G+C content, DNA–DNA hybridization and an analysis of phenotypic features. Strain 10-17T was phylogenetically related to Enterobacter hormaechei CIP 103441T, Enterobacter cancerogenus LMG 2693T, Enterobacter asburiae JCM 6051T, Enterobacter mori LMG 25706T, Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119T and Leclercia adecarboxylata LMG 2803T, having 99.5 %, 99.3 %, 98.7 %, 98.5 %, 98.4 % and 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. On the basis of polyphasic characterization data obtained in the present study, a novel species, Enterobacter xiangfangensis sp. nov., is proposed and the type strain is 10-17T ( = LMG 27195T = NCIMB 14836T = CCUG 62994T). Enterobacter sacchari Zhu et al. 2013 was reclassified as Kosakonia sacchari comb. nov. on the basis of 16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB, infB and atpD gene sequence analysis and the type strain is strain SP1T( = CGMCC 1.12102T = LMG 26783T).

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, agarolytic rod-shaped bacterium, designated KMM 9504T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the seashore of the Sea of Japan. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KMM 9504T belonged to the genus Simiduia as it was most closely related to Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293T (97.3 % sequence similarity). Strain KMM 9504T was characterized by the major ubiquinone Q-8, and by the predominance of C16 : 1ω7c, C17 : 1ω8c, followed by C16 : 0, C15 : 0, C17 : 0 and C12 : 1 in its fatty acid profile. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminophospholipid, an unknown aminolipid, unknown phospholipids, and unknown lipids. Based on the distinctive phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization results, it is concluded that strain KMM 9504T represents a novel species of the genus Simiduia , for which the name Simiduia litorea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain KMM 9504T ( = NRIC 0917T = JCM 19759T).