- Volume 68, Issue 6, 2018

Two bacterial strains were individually isolated from Marmota himalayana respiratory tracts; the animals were from the Tibet–Qinghai Plateau, PR China. The isolates were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped, chain-forming organisms. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the type strain HTS25T shared 98.0, 97.4, 97.2 and 97.1 % similarity with Streptococcus cuniculi , Streptococcus acidominimus , Streptococcus marmotae and Streptococcus himalayensis respectively. Sequence analysis of the sodA and rpoB genes indicated that HTS25T was closely related to S. marmotae (similarities of 94.7 and 91.4 % respectively). Analysis of groEL sequences showed interspecies similarity of 84.8 % between HTS25T and S. himalayensis . A whole-genome phylogenetic tree reconstructed from 81 core genes from the genomes of 17 members of the genus Streptococcus was used to validate that HTS25T forms a distinct subline from other recognized species of the genus Streptococcus . DNA–DNA hybridization of HTS25T showed a maximum estimated DNA reassociation value of 32.1 % to Streptococcus cuniculi CCUG 65085T. On the basis of the results of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, we propose that the two isolates be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Streptococcus , named Streptococcus respiraculi sp. nov. The type strain is HTS25T (=DSM 101998T=CGMCC 1.15531T). The genome of Streptococcus respiraculi sp. nov. strain HTS25T (2 067 971 bp) contains 2001 genes with an average DNA G+C content of 42.7 mol%.

Five Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, none-spore-forming isolates were obtained from biofilms on different sites of a milking machine in Germany. Another strain with similar morphological characteristics was isolated from dirty dishes. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes, all isolates were assigned to the genus Stenotrophomonas , but were divided into three different groups. Chemotaxonomic characterization of the isolates led to the detection of iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the predominant cellular fatty acids, as well as small amounts of the hydroxyl fatty acids iso-C11 : 0 3-OH, C12 : 0 3-OH and iso-C13 : 0 3-OH. One group could be assigned to the species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , while the genome sequences of two groups displayed average nucleotide identity values of less than 94 % between each other and the genome sequences of the next related type strains Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637T and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM 14405T. Further phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses enabled the differentiation of these strains from these closely related species. They are therefore considered to represent two novel species, for which the names Stenotrophomonas lactitubi and Stenotrophomonas indicatrix are proposed, with strains M15T (=DSM 104152T=LMG29943T) and WS40T (=DSM28278T=LMG29942T) as type strains.

A Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-negative and catalase-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated PCS8T, hosted by the ciliate Paramecium caudatum was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain PCS8T was observed to be able to grow at 12–44 °C (optimum, 36–37 °C), at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0–3 % NaCl (optimum, 1–2 %). It could hydrolyse starch and aesculin and produce acid from d-sorbitol, myo-inositol, glycerol and l-rhamnose. The sequence similarity of the new isolate was 96.9 % with respect to Pseudaeromonas pectinilytica and 96.3 % with respect to Pseudaeromonas sharmana . Phylogenetically, strain PCS8T falls within the cluster comprising the Pseudaeromonas species. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain PCS8T were C16 : 0 (35.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 35.1 %) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c; 10.8 %). This novel strain also contained various fatty acids that are not detected in other members of the genus Pseudaeromonas , such as C16 : 0 3-OH, C18 : 1ω9c and summed feature 5 (C18 : 2ω6,9c and/or C18 : 0 ante). Strain PCS8T contained ubiquinone-8 as the sole respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the type strain was 66.5 mol%. Based on the distinct phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and G+C content results, strain PCS8T represents a currently undescribed species within the genus Pseudaeromonas in the family Aeromonadaceae , for which we suggest the name Pseudaeromonas paramecii sp. nov. with the type strain PCS8T (=KCTC 62038T=JCM 32226T). An emended description of the genus Pseudaeromonas is also provided.

Strain D15T was isolated from a soil sample taken from Rambla Salada (Murcia), south-eastern Spain, by using the dilution-to-extinction method. The strain, a Gram-stain-negative aerobic bacteria, is non-motile, ovoid- or rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and grows at NaCl concentrations within the range 0.5–10 % (w/v) [optimum 3 % (w/v)], at 5–30 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at pH 6–9 (optimum pH 7.0). The 16S rRNA gene sequence indicates that it belongs to the genus Roseovarius in the class Alphaproteobacteria . Its closest relatives are Roseovarius tolerans EL-172T and Roseovarius azorensis SSW084T, to which the strain shows 16S rRNA gene-sequence similarity values of 96.1 and 95.3 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content is 63 mol%. The major fatty acids (>5 % of the total fatty acids) of strain D15T are C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C12 : 0. The only detected isoprenoid quinone of strain D15T is ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The polar lipid profile contains phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminolipid and three polar lipids. Based on the phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Roseovarius , for which the name Roseovarius ramblicola sp. nov. is proposed. Strain D15T (=CECT 9424=LMG 30322) is the type strain.

Three isolates obtained from symptomatic nectarine trees (Prunus persica var. nectarina) cultivated in Murcia, Spain, which showed yellow and mucoid colonies similar to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, were negative after serological and real-time PCR analyses for this pathogen. For that reason, these isolates were characterized following a polyphasic approach that included both phenotypic and genomic methods. By sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, these novel strains were identified as members of the genus Xanthomonas , and by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) they were clustered together in a distinct group that showed similarity values below 95 % with the rest of the species of this genus. Whole-genome comparisons of the average nucleotide identity (ANI) of genomes of the strains showed less than 91 % average nucleotide identity with all other species of the genus Xanthomonas . Additionally, phenotypic characterization based on API 20 NE, API 50 CH and BIOLOG tests differentiated the strains from the species of the genus Xanthomonas described previously. Moreover, the three strains were confirmed to be pathogenic on peach (Prunus persica), causing necrotic lesions on leaves. On the basis of these results, the novel strains represent a novel species of the genus Xanthomonas , for which the name Xanthomonas prunicola is proposed. The type strain is CFBP 8353 (=CECT 9404=IVIA 3287.1).

Three chickpea rhizobial strains (WYCCWR 10195T=S1-3-7, WYCCWR 10198=S1-4-3 and WYCCWR 10200=S1-5-1) isolated from Northwest China formed a group affiliated to Mesorhizobium based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. To clarify their species status, multilocus sequence analysis and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of whole genome sequences between the novel group and the type strains of the related species were further performed. Similarities of 95.7–96.6 % in the concatenated sequences of atpD-recA-glnII and 91.9–93.1 % of ANI values to the closest-related species Mesorhizobium muleiense , Mesorhizobium mediterraneum and Mesorhizobium temperatum demonstrated the novel group a unique genospecies. The most abundant fatty acid in cells of WYCCWR 10195T were C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (51.4 %), followed by C18 : 1  ω7c 11-methyl (9.5 %) and C16 : 0 (9.3 %). Its genome size was 6.37 Mbp, comprising 6633 predicted genes with a DNA G+C content of 61.9 mol%. The similarities of 99.0–99.8 % for the nodC gene and 98.3–99.44 % for the nifH gene to those of the chickpea rhizobial species and nodulation with Cicer arietinum L. confirmed the strains of the new genospecies as symbiovar ciceri. The weak utilization of most of the tested sugars/organic acids and non-utilization of l(+)-rhamnose, l-cysteine and l-glycine as sole carbon source, tolerance to 1 % (w/v) NaCl, resistance to 5 µg ml−1 chloromycetin and non-hydrolysis of l-tyrosine distinguished the novel group from the related species and supported this group as a novel species, for which the name Mesorhizobium wenxiniae sp. nov. is proposed, with WYCCWR 10195T (=S1-3-7=HAMBI 3692T=LMG 30254T) as the type strain.

A novel bacterium, designated strain E9T, was isolated from pine forest soil of Kyonggi University (Suwon, Republic of Korea). Cells were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-staining-negative, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and straw coloured. Prosthecae were absent. Glucose was fermented. The strain grew in the pH range of 5.0–10.0 (optimum, 6.5–8.5) and at 45 °C (optimum, 28–32 °C). E9T was sensitive to NaCl at low concentration and tolerated only 0.2 % NaCl (w/v). A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that E9T formed a lineage within the phylum Proteobacteria that was distinct from various members of the order Rhizobiales , including Ancalomicrobium adetum DSM 4722T (94.76 % sequence similarity), ‘ Nitratireductor lucknowense ’ IITR-21 (92.72 %), Prosthecomicrobium hirschii 16T (92.66 %) and Kaistia soli DSM 19436T (92.53 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. Major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 68.4 mol%. Polyphasic characterization indicated that strain E9T represented a novel species in a novel genus within a novel family, for which the name Pinisolibacter ravus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pinisolibacter ravus is E9T (=KEMB 9005-534T=KACC 19120T=NBRC 112686T). A formal allocation of the genus Ancalomicrobium to the family Ancalomicrobiaceae fam. nov. is also proposed.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated HM451T, was isolated from forest soil sampled at the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, PR China (112° 31′ E 23° 10′ N). It grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 5.0–6.0 and in the presence of 0–2.5 % (w/v) NaCl on R2A medium. Strain HM451T was closely related to Paraburkholderia mimosarum NBRC 106338T (98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Paraburkholderia heleia NBRC 101817T (98.4 %) and Paraburkholderia silvatlantica SRMrh-20T (98.0 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain HM451T and the three closely related strains formed a clade within the genus Paraburkholderia , but was clearly separated from the established species. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain HM451T and its phylogenetically closest relative, P. mimosarum NBRC 106338T, was much lower than 70 %. Strain HM451T contained ubiquinone 8 as the major respiratory quinone. Major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C17 : 0cyclo and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c). The DNA G+C content of strain HM451T was 65.4 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and a polar lipid. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain HM451T represents a novel species of the genus Paraburkholderia , for which the name Paraburkholderia caseinilytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HM451T (=GDMCC 1.1190T=LMG 30092T).

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and motile bacterium, designated strain SZDIS-1T, was isolated from pigpen sawdust bedding in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China. Cells grew at 10–50 °C, pH 6.0–9.0, up to 12 % (w/v) NaCl, resisted vibriostatic agent O/129 and were negative for gelatin and alginate hydrolysis. No growth on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar medium. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and multilocus sequence analysis, this strain should be assigned to the genus Vibrio , with the closest relatives being Vibrio aphrogenes CA-1004T (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence pairwise similarity), Vibrio algivorus SA2T (96.6 %), Vibrio casei WS 4539T (96.3 %), Vibrio rumoiensis S-1T (96.1 %) and Vibrio litoralis MANO22DT (95.5 %), but separate from them by large distances in different phylogenetic trees. Based on whole genome analysis, the orthologous average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values against the five relatives were 76.1–78.7 and 20.1–28.7 %. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0, summed feature 2 (one or more of C12 : 0 aldehyde, C14 : 0 3OH and/or iso-C16 : 1) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c). The DNA G+C content was 43.0 mol% from whole genomic sequence analysis. Therefore, phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics showed that the isolate represented a novel species of the genus Vibrio , for which the name Vibrio gangliei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SZDIS-1T (=DSM 104291T=CGMCC 1.15236T).

Strain AP-Melu-1000-B4 was isolated from a lake located in the mountains of the Mediterranean island of Corsica (France). Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic traits were investigated. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing referred the strain to the cryptic species complex PnecC within the genus Polynucleobacter . The strain encoded genes for biosynthesis of proteorhodopsin and retinal. When pelleted by centrifugation the strain showed an intense rose colouring. Major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and summed feature 2 (C16 : 1 isoI and C14 : 0-3OH). The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene contained an indel which was not present in any previously described Polynucleobacter species. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 1.89 Mbp and a G+C content of 46.6 mol%. In order to resolve the phylogenetic position of the new strain within subcluster PnecC, its phylogeny was reconstructed from sequences of 319 shared genes. To represent all currently described Polynucleobacter species by whole genome sequences, three type strains were additionally sequenced. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AP-Melu-100-B4 occupied a basal position compared with previously described PnecC strains. Pairwise determined whole genome average nucleotide identity (gANI) values suggested that strain AP-Melu-1000-B4 represents a new species, for which we propose the name Polynucleobacter meluiroseus sp. nov. with the type strain AP-Melu-1000-B4T (=DSM 103591T=CIP 111329T)

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and halophilic bacterium, designated N53T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern in Wendeng, China. Cells of strain N53T were 0.3–0.4 µm wide and 2.0–5.5 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. The bacterium grew optimally at 33 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Bacteriochlorophyll a was not found. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain N53T formed a phylogenetic lineage with members of the genus Roseovarius. Strain N53T exhibited the highest levels of similarity to Roseovarius pacificus (94.6 %) and Roseovarius confluentis (94.6 %), with a lower level to Roseovarius tolerans was 94.0 %. The percentage of conserved proteins and average nucleotide identity values between N53T and the type strain of the type species, Roseovarius tolerans , were 66.1 and 76.4 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.1 mol%. The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C18 : 1ω7c (54.0 %) and C16 : 0 (17.9 %). The polar lipids of strain N53T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified glycolipids. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the chemotaxonomic and genomic distinctiveness, revealed that strain N53T was separate from other recognized species of the genus Roseovarius. On the basis of the data presented here, strain N53T represents a novel species of the genus Roseovarius , for which the name Roseovarius salinarum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N53T (=MCCC 1H00200T=KCTC 52886T).

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain RKSG058T, was isolated from the marine sponge Verongula gigantea, collected off the west coast of San Salvador, The Bahamas. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that RKSG058T formed a distinct lineage within the family Hahellaceae (order Oceanospirillales , class Gammaproteobacteria ), and was most closely related to the genus Endozoicomonas , with sequence similarities to members of this genus ranging from 92.0 to 93.7 %. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, at pH 7 and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The major and minor respiratory quinones were Q-9 and Q-8, respectively. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and five unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. Biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that strain RKSG058T represents the first cultured isolate of a novel bacterial genus and species within the family Hahellaceae , for which the name Sansalvadorimonas verongulae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Sansalvadorimonas verongulae is RKSG058T (=TSD-72T=LMG 29871T). An emended description of the genus Kistimonas is provided.

Two bacterial strains were isolated from coal mine water in China. Isolates were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, and they did not produce bacteriochlorophyll α. Cells grew in tryptic soy broth with 0–5.5 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4–55 °C and pH 3.5–10.5. Isolates were positive for catalase, oxidase, urease, Voges–Proskauer test, gelatin hydrolysis and H2S production. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the closest relatives of strains Q4.6T and Q2.11 were the type strains Labrenzia suaedae DSM 22153T (97.4 %), Pannonibacter phragmitetus DSM 14782T (96.9 and 97.0 %) and Pannonibacter indicus DSM 23407T (96.8 %). The genomic average nucleotide identity (ANI) value for Q4.6T and Q2.11 was 100 %; however, this value was less than 77.7 % for the type strains P. phragmitetus and P. indicus , and less than 74.0 % for the type strain L. suaedae . The cellular fatty acid profile of strains Q4.6T and Q2.11 consisted primarily of C18 : 1ω7c. The principal quinone of the isolates was Q-10. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, genomic ANI analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization results, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strains Q4.6T and Q2.11 are assigned as a novel species within the genus Pannonibacter . The type strain is Pannonibacter carbonis Q4.6T (=CGMCC 1.15703T=KCTC 52466T).

A Gram-reaction-negative, S-shaped, motile, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating, facultatively anaerobic, beige-pigmented bacterium, designated strain KMU-80T, was isolated from seawater collected from the Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate was affiliated with the family Methylocystaceae , of the class Alphaproteobacteria , and that it possessed the greatest sequence similarity (96.7 %) to Terasakiella pusilla NBRC 13613T. The DNA G+C content of KMU-80T was 48.3 mol%, and ubiquinone 10 was the sole respiratory quinone. The predominant cellular fatty acids consisted of C18 : 1 ω7c (60.2 %), C16 : 0 (13.4 %) and C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c (11.1 %). Strain KMU-80T had phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified lipids as polar lipids. Based on its distinct phylogenetic position and the combination of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, this strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Terasakiella , for which the name Terasakiella salincola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of T. salincola sp. nov. is KMU-80T (= KCCM 90274T = NBRC 112846T). An amended description of the genus Terasakiella is also provided.

Strain MVW-1T, isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan, was characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MVW-1T belongs to the genus Paracoccus and has the highest levels of sequence similarity to Paracoccus caeni MJ17T (97.6 %), Paracoccus sediminis CMB17T (97.4 %), Paracoccus angustae E6T (97.3 %) and Paracoccus acridae SCU-M53T (97.1 %). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating, non-motile, rod-shaped and formed light orange-coloured colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 20–25 °C, pH 6–7, and in the presence of 0–3 % NaCl. The major fatty acid of strain MVW-1T was C18 : 1ω7c. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, an unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified phospholipids. The predominant polyamines were spermidine, putrescine and cadaverine. The only isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain MVW-1T was 63.4 mol%. Strain MVW-1T exhibited less than 35 % DNA–DNA relatedness to P. caeni MJ17T, P. angustae E6T, P. sediminis CMB17T and P. acridae SCU-M53T. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties and phylogenetic inference, strain MVW-1T should be classified in a novel species of the genus Paracoccus , for which the name Paracoccus fontiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MVW-1T (=BCRC 80974T=LMG 29554T=KCTC 52239T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, ovoid or short rod-shaped bacterium with prosthecates and flagella, designated SY-3-19T, was isolated from the surface seawater of the South China Sea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolate grew at 4–40 °C and pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum 28 °C and pH 6.5–7.5), and with 0.5–16.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4 %). It was positive for oxidase and catalase activity. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SY-3-19T constituted a separate branch in the family Parvularculaceae , sharing the highest sequence similarities to the genera Aquisalinus (91.9 %), Amphiplicatus (91.1 %) and Parvularcula (91.0–89.4 %). The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the principal fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), 11 methyl C18 : 1 ω7c and C16 : 0. The polar lipids of strain SY-3-19T consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, nine unidentified glycolipids and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 60.9 mol%. On the basis of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, together with the results of phylogenetic analysis, strain SY-3-19T is described as a novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Marinicaulis flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain SY-3-19T=MCCC 1K03432T=KCTC 62156T) is proposed.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, flagellated bacterial strain, designated AMac2203T, was isolated from the gut of the cinereous vulture, Aegypiusmonachus, collected from the Seoul Grand Park Zoo, Republic of Korea. Strain AMac2203T grew optimally at 15–25 °C, pH 7–8 and in the presence of 3–5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 97.4–97.9 % and 96.9–97.3 % sequence similarities of the 16S rRNA genes to its counterparts in Oceanisphaera profunda SM1222T and Oceanisphaera ostreae T-w6T, respectively. The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) of strain AMac2203T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 0 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c, 33.6 %), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c, 24.5 %) and C16 : 0 (19.9 %). The primary isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8. Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified amino lipid and an unidentified lipid. Based on complete genome sequencing of strain AMac2203T and the closest related type strain, O. profunda , the OrthoANI value is 77.5 %, which is below the 95 % cut-off for species demarcation. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain AMac2203T is 47.1 mol%. Thus, strain AMac2203T represents a novel species candidate of the genus Oceanisphaera . We propose the name Oceanisphaera avium sp. nov., with strain AMac2203T (=KCTC 62118T=JCM 32207T) as the type strain.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterial strain, designated strain m18T, was isolated from a sea-tidal flat in South Korea. Cells were non-motile short rods showing oxidase and catalase activities. Growth of m18T was observed at 10–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.5–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0.5–7.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0 %). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 and the major fatty acids of were summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.7 mol%. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and four unidentified lipids were detected in m18T. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that m18T formed a tight phyletic lineage with the members of the genus Amylibacter . Strain m18T was most closely related to Amylibactercionae H-12T, Amylibacter ulvae 6Alg 255T and Amylibacter marinus 2-3T with 98.9, 96.1 and 95.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between m18T and the type strain of A. cionae was 43.6±3.4 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, m18T represents a novel species of the genus Amylibacter , for which the name Amylibacter lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is m18T (KACC 19229T=JCM 32051T).

During a survey of the yeast community associated with the phylloplane of corn in Thailand, a basidiomycetous yeast strain belonging to the genus Papiliotrema was isolated. Analyses of the D1/D2 domains of the 26S (LSU) rRNA gene and complete ITS region supported the recognition of a novel species, for which the name Papiliotrema plantarum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain DMKU-CP801T=CBS 15220T=PYCC 7257T). Another strain of P. plantarum sp. nov., isolated in French Guiana, was found to be sexually compatible with the Thai isolate and mycelium with clamp connections, basidia and basidiospores were observed in culture. The basidial morphology of P. plantarum combined features previously observed for Papiliotrema bandonii and Papiliotrema fuscus, which represent the only sexual species hitherto known in the genus, i.e. transversely septate basidia, with sexual structures of the Tremella type.