- Volume 64, Issue Pt_10, 2014

Root-nodule bacteria were isolated from Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. growing in the Cerrado Amazon region, State of Roraima, Brazil. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of six strains (BR 10250T, BR 10248, BR 10249, BR 10251, BR 10252 and BR 10253) showed low similarities with currently described species of the genus Bradyrhizobium . Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of five housekeeping genes (dnaK, glnII, gyrB, recA and rpoB) revealed Bradyrhizobium iriomotense EK05T to be the closest type strain (97.4 % sequence similarity or less). Chemotaxonomic data, including fatty acid profiles [with the major components C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c)], the slow growth rate and carbon compound utilization patterns supported the assignment of our strains to the genus Bradyrhizobium . Results from DNA–DNA hybridizations and physiological traits differentiated our strains from the closest related species of the genus Bradyrhizobium with validly published names. Sequences of symbiosis-related genes for nodulation (nodC) and nitrogen fixation (nifH) grouped together with those of B. iriomotense EK05T and Bradyrhizobium sp. strains BR 6610 (used as a commercial inoculant for Inga marginata in Brazil) and TUXTLAS-10 (previously observed in Central America). Based on these data, the six strains represent a novel species, for which the name Bradyrhizobium ingae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BR 10250T ( = HAMBI 3600T).

Recently, a taxonomical re-evaluation of the genus Enterobacter , based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, has led to the proposal that the species Enterobacter pulveris , Enterobacter helveticus and Enterobacter turicensis should be reclassified as novel species of the genus Cronobacter . In the present work, new genome-scale analyses, including average nucleotide identity, genome-scale phylogeny and k-mer analysis, coupled with previously reported DNA–DNA hybridization values and biochemical characterization strongly indicate that these three species of the genus Enterobacter are not members of the genus Cronobacter , nor do they belong to the re-evaluated genus Enterobacter . Furthermore, data from this polyphasic study indicated that all three species constitute two new genera. We propose reclassifying Enterobacter pulveris and Enterobacter helveticus in the genus Franconibacter gen. nov. as Franconibacter pulveris comb. nov. (type strain 601/05T = LMG 24057T = DSM 19144T) and Franconibacter helveticus comb. nov. (type strain 513/05T = LMG 23732T = DSM 18396T), respectively, and Enterobacter turicensis in the genus Siccibacter gen. nov. as Siccibacter turicensis comb. nov. (type strain 508/05T = LMG 23730T = DSM 18397T).

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, strain TS-T11T, was isolated from Tuosu lake, a saline lake (salinity 5.4 %, w/v) in the Qaidam basin, Qinghai province, China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain TS-T11T were non-spore-forming rods, 0.6–0.8 µm wide and 0.8–2.2 µm long, and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strain TS-T11T was strictly heterotrophic and aerobic. Cells were positive for catalase and oxidase. Growth was observed in the presence of 0.5–11.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4.0–6.0 %), at 4–40 °C (optimum 30–35 °C) and at pH 6.0–10.5 (optimum pH 7.5–8.5). Strain TS-T11T contained iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1ω9c as the predominant fatty acids (>10 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The polar lipids consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and nine uncharacterized phospholipids. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 46.8 mol% (T m). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TS-T11T was associated with the genus Idiomarina , and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Idiomarina aestuarii KYW314T (97.4 %) and Idiomarina salinarum ISL-52T (97.4 %). DNA–DNA relatedness of strain TS-T11T to I. aestuarii JCM 16344T and I. salinarum DSM 21900T was 22.2±2.4 and 11.5±1.6 %, respectively. Based on the data presented above, it was concluded that strain TS-T11T represents a novel species of the genus Idiomarina , for which the name Idiomarina planktonica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TS-T11T ( = CGMCC 1.12458T = JCM 19263T).

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile bacterial strain designated 1NM-4T was isolated from an abandoned lead–zinc ore mine site in Mei County, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, southern China. The isolate was light yellow, strictly aerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, rpoB and gyrB gene sequences, together with DNA–DNA hybridization values less than 70 %, revealed that strain 1NM-4T belongs to the genus Acinetobacter and may represent a novel species. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) and the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C18 : 1ω9c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C12 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 1NM-4T was 47.17±0.02 mol%. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain 1NM-4T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter , for which the name Acinetobacter guangdongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1NM-4T ( = GIMCC 1.656T = CCTCC AB 2014199T = KCTC 42012T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated YSS-7T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea of South Korea. Strain YSS-7T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YSS-7T clustered with the type strains of Pelagicola litoralis , Planktotalea frisia , Pacificibacter maritimus and Roseovarius marinus . Strain YSS-7T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.7 %) to the type strain of Pelagicola litoralis and sequence similarity of more than 96.0 % to the type strains of some other species. Strain YSS-7T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain YSS-7T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain YSS-7T were different from those of the type strains of phylogenetically related species. The DNA G+C content of strain YSS-7T was 55.5 mol%. Other phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain YSS-7T is distinguished from phylogenetically related species. On the basis of the data presented, strain YSS-7T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Pseudopelagicola gijangensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pseudopelagicola gijangensis is YSS-7T ( = KCTC 42049T = CECT 8540T).

A bacterial strain designated CMJ-15T was isolated from a freshwater shrimp culture pond in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain CMJ-15T were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative and motile by a single polar flagellum and formed light-yellow colonies. Growth occurred at 20–40 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), with 0–0.7 % NaCl (optimum, 0–0.2 %) and at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CMJ-15T belonged to the genus Undibacterium and its closest neighbour was Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum EM 1T, with sequence similarity of 96.3 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. The major cellular hydroxy fatty acid was C10 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The polyamine profile was composed of the major compound putrescine and moderate amounts of 2-hydroxyputrescine. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the DNA G+C content was 52.2 mol%. On the basis of these phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain CMJ-15T should be classified as representing a novel species, for which the name Undibacterium squillarum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CMJ-15T ( = BCRC 80404T = LMG 26892T = KCTC 23917T).

A previously isolated exoelectrogenic bacterium, strain SD-1T, was further characterized and identified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geobacter . Strain SD-1T was Gram-negative, aerotolerant, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-fermentative and non-motile. Cells were short, curved rods (0.8–1.3 µm long and 0.3 µm in diameter). Growth of strain SD-1T was observed at 15–42 °C and pH 6.0–8.5, with optimal growth at 30–35 °C and pH 7. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was a member of the genus Geobacter , with the closest known relative being Geobacter sulfurreducens PCAT (98 % similarity). Similar to other members of the genus Geobacter , strain SD-1T used soluble or insoluble Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor coupled with the oxidation of acetate. However, SD-1T could not reduce fumarate as an electron acceptor with acetate oxidization, which is an important physiological trait for G. sulfurreducens . Moreover, SD-1T could grow in media containing as much as 3 % NaCl, while G. sulfurreducens PCAT can tolerate just half this concentration, and this difference in salt tolerance was even more obvious when cultivated in bioelectrochemical systems. DNA–DNA hybridization analysis of strain SD-1T and its closest relative, G. sulfurreducens ATCC 51573T, showed a relatedness of 61.6 %. The DNA G+C content of strain SD-1T was 58.9 mol%. Thus, on the basis of these characteristics, strain SD-1T was not assigned to G. sulfurreducens , and was instead classified in the genus Geobacter as a representative of a novel species. The name Geobacter anodireducens sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain SD-1T ( = CGMCC 1.12536T = KCTC 4672T).

A novel bacterial strain, capable of aggregating potential biofuel-producing microalgae, was isolated from the phycosphere of an algal culture and designated HW001T. The novel bacterial strain was identified on the basis of its phylogenetic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics in this study. Cells were aerobic, Gram-negative rods. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain HW001T is affiliated with the family Pseudomonadaceae in the phylum Proteobacteria , but forms a distinct clade within this family. The DNA G+C content of strain HW001T was 55.4 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c). Q-8 was the main respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and some unidentified lipids. Based on the extensive polyphasic analysis, strain HW001T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudomonadaceae , for which the name Permianibacter aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HW001T ( = CICC 10856T = KCTC 32485T).

Two bacterial strains (JC109T and JC261) were isolated from a sediment sample collected from a shrimp cultivation pond in Tamil Nadu (India). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, motile rods. Both strains were positive for catalase and oxidase, hydrolysed Tween 80, and grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with an optimal pH of 6 (range pH 4–9) and at 30 °C (range 25–40 °C). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains JC109T and JC261 were identified as belonging to the genus Alcanivorax with Alcanivorax dieselolei B-5T (sequence similarity values of 99.3 and 99.7 %, respectively) and Alcanivorax balearicus MACL04T (sequence similarity values of 98.8 and 99.2 %, respectively) as their closest phylogenetic neighbours. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains JC109T and JC261 was 99.6 %. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between the two strains was 88 %. Strain JC109T showed 31±1 and 26±2 % DNA–DNA relatedness with A. dieselolei DSM 16502T and A. balearicus DSM 23776T, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strains JC109T and JC261 was 54.5 and 53.4 mol%, respectively. Polar lipids of strain JC109T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were C10 : 0, C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C12 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω7c and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. Both strains could utilize diesel oil and a variety of xenobiotics as carbon and energy sources. The results of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses allowed the clear differentiation of strains JC109T and JC261 from all other members of the genus Alcanivorax . Strains JC109T and JC261 are thus considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Alcanivorax xenomutans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC109T ( = KCTC 23751T = NBRC 108843T).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-endospore-forming, non-pigmented, rod-shaped, slightly halophilic bacterium, designated GBPy5T, was isolated from aquatic plants of the Gomishan wetland, Iran. Cells of strain GBPy5T were motile. Growth occurred with between 1 and 10 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally with 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 8.0 and 30 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over a pH range of 6.5–9.0 and a temperature range of 4–35 °C. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain GBPy5T is a member of the genus Pseudomonas forming a monophyletic branch. The novel strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.4 % with type strains of Pseudomonas guariconensis PCAVU11T and Pseudomonas sabulinigri J64T, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were C18 : 1ω7c (37.8 %), C16 : 0 (14.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c (12.9 %), C12 : 0 3-OH (7.1 %) and C12 : 0 (7.0 %). The polar lipid pattern of strain GBPy5T comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one phospholipid. Ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) was the predominant lipoquinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GBPy5T was 59.2 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain GBPY5T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas , for which the name Pseudomonas salegens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GBPy5T ( = IBRC-M 10762T = CECT 8338T).

A novel bacterial strain ZT was isolated from the high-arsenic sediment in Jianghan Plain, China. The strain was Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and formed yellow colonies. This bacterium is capable of tolerating arsenate and arsenite, with MICs of 40 mM and 20 mM, respectively. The strain also possesses catalase and does not produce oxidase. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of the isolate showed the highest similarity (96.9 %) to that of the type strain of Flavobacterium soli . On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the phenotypic properties of strain ZT, it was assigned to the genus Flavobacterium . The major respiratory menaquinone was MK-6 and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (containing C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C15 : 1G. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three uncharacterized aminophospholipids and four unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 32.1 mol%. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data presented in this article, it can be concluded that this isolate represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium arsenatis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZT ( = CCTCC AB 2013048T = KCTC 32397T).

A novel Gram-stain-negative bacteria, designated S37T, was isolated from soil of the Xixi wetland, Zhejiang province, China. Cells of strain S37T were aerobic, non-motile rods. Growth occurred at 10–37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.0–9.7 (optimum, pH 7.5) and with 0–6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain S37T was found to be a member of the genus Sphingobacterium and shared highest similarity with Sphingobacterium composti 4M24T (95.78 %). The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and the DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain S37T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium , for which the name Sphingobacterium paludis sp. nov. (type strain S37T = CGMCC 1.12801T = NBRC 110386T) is proposed.

A taxonomic study was carried out on a novel bacterial strain, designated MIC1008T, which was isolated from the Gomso salt pan, located in Buan County, Korea. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and moderately halophilic rods, 0.2–0.4 µm wide and 0.7–1.2 µm long. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 25 °C and pH 6.5–8.5, respectively. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. Carotenoid pigments were produced. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Psychroflexus , with Psychroflexus halocasei WCC 4520T as its closest relative, with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.4 %. The isolate contained iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids and menaquinone MK-6 as the isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipid profile of strain MIC1008T revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 32.9 mol%. On the basis of the evidences presented, it is concluded that strain MIC1008T represents a novel species of the genus Psychroflexus within the family Flavobacteriaceae , for which the name Psychroflexus http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.8182 salarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MIC1008T ( = KACC 17063T = DSM 25661T).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-motile and pink-pigmented bacterium, designated G22T, was isolated from Gahai, a saltwater lake in Qinghai province, China. Optimal growth occurred at 33–35 °C, pH 7.0–7.5, and in the presence of 2–4 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and three unknown lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, and MK-7 was the main respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain G22T fell within the class Bacteroidia . Its closest phylogenetic neighbour was the recently described species Draconibacterium orientale , the sole member of the family Draconibacteriaceae , with merely 90.04 % sequence similarity. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence observed, a novel species in a new genus, Tangfeifania diversioriginum gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed within the family Draconibacteriaceae . The type strain is G22T ( = CICC 10587T = DSM 27063T).

A novel Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, reddish-orange and chemoheterotrophic bacteria, designated strain KD52T, was isolated from a culture of the alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum from Xiamen, Fujian Province, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that strain KD52T was a member of the family Saprospiraceae , forming a distinct lineage with ‘Portibacter lacus’ KCTC 23747. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain KD52T and the type strains of species of the family Saprospiraceae ranged from 86 % to 89 %. Growth occurred at 20–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), in the presence of 1–9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5 %) and at pH 5–8.5 (optimum, pH 6.0). The dominant fatty acids (>10 %) of strain KD52T were iso-C15 : 0 (33.1 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (14.8 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 13.8 %). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unknown lipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content was 51 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain KD52T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Phaeodactylibacter xiamenensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is KD52T ( = MCCC 1F01213T = KCTC 32575T).

A Gram-stain-negative, cream‐pigmented, motile, extremely halophilic archaeon, designated strain IC38T, was isolated from a saline mud sample taken from a hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, in Iran. The strain required at least 2.5 M NaCl for growth. However, MgCl2 was not required. Optimal growth occurred with 4.3 M NaCl and 0.2 M MgCl2. The optimum pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively, and strain IC38T was able to grow over a pH range of 6.5–9.0, and a temperature range of 25–45 °C. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain IC38T clustered with the two species of the genus Halovivax , Halovivax asiaticus EJ-46T and Halovivax ruber XH-70T, with sequence similarities of 96.4 % and 96.1 %, respectively. The similarities between the rpoB′ gene of the novel strain and Halovivax asiaticus and Halovivax ruber were 90.7 % and 90.3 %, respectively. The polar lipid pattern of strain IC38T consisted of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. Three unidentified glycolipids and two minor phospholipids were also observed. The DNA G+C content of strain IC38T was 62.6 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics, the new isolate is suggested to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Halovivax , for which the name Halovivax limisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Halovivax limisalsi is IC38T ( = IBRC-M 10022T = KCTC 4051T).

A novel methanogenic archaeon, strain MC-15T, was isolated from a floating biofilm on a sulphurous subsurface lake in Movile Cave (Mangalia, Romania). Cells were non-motile sarcina-like cocci with a diameter of 2–4 µm, occurring in aggregates. The strain was able to grow autotrophically on H2/CO2. Additionally, acetate, methanol, monomethylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine were utilized, but not formate or dimethyl sulfide. Trypticase peptone and yeast extract were not required for growth. Optimal growth was observed at 33 °C, pH 6.5 and a salt concentration of 0.05 M NaCl. The predominant membrane lipids of MC-15T were archaeol and hydroxyarchaeol phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol as well as hydroxyarchaeol phosphatidylserine and archaeol glycosaminyl phosphatidylinositol. The closely related species, Methanosarcina vacuolata and Methanosarcina horonobensis, had a similar composition of major membrane lipids to strain MC-15T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MC-15T was similar to those of Methanosarcina vacuolata DSM 1232T (sequence similarity 99.3 %), Methanosarcina horonobensis HB-1T (98.8 %), Methanosarcina barkeri DSM 800T (98.7 %) and Methanosarcina siciliae T4/MT (98.4 %). DNA–DNA hybridization revealed 43.3 % relatedness between strain MC-15T and Methanosarcina vacuolata DSM 1232T. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.0 mol%. Based on physiological, phenotypic and genotypic differences, strain MC-15T represents a novel species of the genus Methanosarcina , for which the name Methanosarcina spelaei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MC-15T ( = DSM 26047T = JCM 18469T).

A bacterial strain, designated 1P10MET, which was resistant to extreme doses of ionizing radiation, pale-pink, non-motile, and a tetrad-forming coccoid was isolated from a cleanroom at the Kennedy Space Center, where the Phoenix spacecraft was assembled. Strain 1P10MET showed optimum growth at 30 °C, with a pH range for growth of 6.5–9.0 and was highly sensitive to sodium chloride, growing only in medium with no added NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1P10MET represents a novel member of the genus Deinococcus , with low sequence similarities (<93.5 %) to recognized species of the genus Deinococcus . The predominant cellular fatty acid was C15 : 1ω6c. This novel strain exhibits extreme resistance to gamma radiation (D10 >8 kGy) and UV (D10 >1000 Jm−2). The results of our polyphasic taxonomic analyses suggest that strain 1P10MET represents a novel species of the genus Deinococcus , for which the name Deinococcus phoenicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1P10MET ( = NRRL B-59546T = DSM 27173T).