- Volume 64, Issue Pt_10, 2014
Volume 64, Issue Pt_10, 2014
- Notification List
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Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 64, part 7, of the IJSEM
More LessThis listing of names of prokaryotes published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol 41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles).
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- New Taxa
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- Actinobacteria
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Terrabacter koreensis sp. nov., isolated from soil of a flowerbed
More LessA Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile and aerobic bacterium, strain THG-e54T, was isolated from soil of a flowerbed in Bucheon, South Korea. The taxonomic position of this bacterium was determined in an investigation based on a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation of strain THG-e54T with the genus Terrabacter . Strain THG-e54T showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with Terrabacter tumescens DSM 20308T with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.6 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.0 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-e54T were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified amino-containing phosphoglycolipid, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was ll-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA–DNA relatedness (less than 35.2 %) between strain THG-e54T and its five closest relatives. The combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain THG-e54T could be clearly distinguished from closely related recognized members of the genus Terrabacter . Therefore the results of this study indicated the existence of a novel species of the genus Terrabacter , for which we propose the name Terrabacter koreensis sp. nov., with strain THG-e54T ( = KACC 17589T = JCM 19342T) as the type strain.
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Prauserella coralliicola sp. nov., isolated from the coral Galaxea fascicularis
Jia-Fa Wu, Jie Li, Zhi-Qing You and Si ZhangA novel Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, designated strain SCSIO 11529T, was isolated from tissues of the stony coral Galaxea fascicularis, and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The temperature range for growth was 22–50 °C (optimum 28–45 °C), the pH range for growth was 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and the NaCl concentration range for growth was 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown polar lipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω6c, iso-C16 : 1 H and C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content of strain SCSIO 11529T was 70.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SCSIO 11529T belongs to the genus Prauserella , with the closest neighbours being Prauserella marina MS498T (97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Prauserella rugosa DSM 43194T (96.4 %) and Prauserella flava YIM 90630T (95.9 %). Based on the evidence of the present study, strain SCSIO 11529T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Prauserella , for which the name Prauserella coralliicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCSIO 11529T ( = DSM 45821T = NBRC 109418T).
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Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. nov., isolated from Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae)
More LessA bacterium (strain Tp2T) was isolated from a caterpillar of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), a destructive pine forest pest. The bacterium is a Gram-stain-positive, red-pigmented coccus, oxidase-negative, nitrate-reducing, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Strain Tp2T was subjected to a taxonomic study using polyphasic approach that included morphological and biochemical characterizations, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content analysis, comparative fatty acid profiles, and analyses of quinones and polar lipids. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Tp2T revealed that Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T was the closest known strain (98 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). DNA–DNA hybridization of A. agilis DSM 20550T and strain Tp2T resulted in a DNA–DNA relatedness value of 11.9 % (20.2 % reciprocal). The DNA base composition of strain Tp2T was 69.5 mol%, which is consistent with the other recognized members of Actinobacteria that have a high G+C content in their genome. The polar lipid pattern of strain Tp2T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (major), phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and unknown glycolipids. The cellular fatty acids were anteiso C15 : 0 and anteiso C17 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-9(II-H2). The peptidoglycan type was A3α with an l-Lys–l-Thr–l-Ala3 interpeptide bridge. The above-mentioned characterization qualifies strain Tp2T as genotypically and phenotypically distinct from closely related species of the genus Arthrobacter with validly published names. Strain Tp2T is therefore proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter , described as Arthrobacter pityocampae sp. nov. The type strain is Tp2T ( = DSM 21719T = NCCB 100254T).
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Description of Micrococcus aloeverae sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from Aloe vera
A yellow Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-endospore -forming, spherical endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain AE-6T, was isolated from the inner fleshy leaf tissues of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) collected from Pune, Maharashtra, India. Strain AE-6T grew at high salt concentrations [10 % (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15–41 °C and a pH range of 5–12. It showed highest (99.7 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004T followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665T (99.6 %) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM 56238T (99.0 %). Ribosomal protein profiling by MALDI-TOF/MS also showed it was most closely related to M. yunnanensis YIM 65004T and M. luteus NCTC 2665T. Like other members of the genus Micrococcus , strain AE-6T had a high content of branched chain fatty acids (iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0). MK-8(H2) and MK-8 were the predominant isoprenoid quinones. Cell wall analysis showed an ‘A2 l-Lys-peptide subunit’ type of peptidoglycan and ribose to be the major cell wall sugar. The DNA G+C content was 70 mol%. Results of DNA–DNA hybridization of AE-6T with its closest relatives from the genus Micrococcus produced a value of less than 70%. Based on the results of this study, strain AE-6T could be clearly differentiated from other members of the genus Micrococcus . We propose that it represents a novel species of the genus Micrococcus and suggest the name Micrococcus aloeverae sp. nov., with strain AE-6T ( = MCC 2184T = DSM 27472T) as the type strain of the species.
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Streptomyces zagrosensis sp. nov., isolated from soil
The taxonomic position of a novel actinomycete isolated from soil in Fars Province (Iran) was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Streptomyces . On ISP2 medium, strain HM 1154T produced a dark cream, branched substrate mycelium and Retinaculiaperti aerial hyphae that in some images also appeared spiral and that developed into greyish-white spore chains with a smooth surface. The isolate showed optimal growth at 28 °C and pH 6–9 with 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid, ribose and glucose. The main phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids and an unknown aminophospholipid; MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2) were the predominant menaquinones. The major cellular fatty acids were the branched saturated iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. Strain HM 1154T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Streptomyces coerulescens DSM 40146T (99.4 %), Streptomyces varsoviensis DSM 40346T (99.3 %), Streptomyces youssoufiensis DSM 41920T (99.2 %), Streptomyces abikoensis DSM 40831T (99.2 %), Streptomyces rimosus subsp. rimosus DSM 40260T (99.1 %), Streptomyces luteireticuli DSM 40509T (99.1 %), Streptomyces thioluteus DSM 40027T (99.1 %), Streptomyces blastmyceticus DSM 40029T (99.0 %) and Streptomyces hiroshimensis DSM 40037T (99.0 %). DNA–DNA hybridization studies showed relatedness values of 11.0–35.8 % with the closest related species. Based on these results, strain HM 1154T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces zagrosensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HM 1154T ( = DSM 42018T = UTMC 1154T = CECT 8305T).
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Glycomyces artemisiae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of Artemisia argyi
More LessAn endophytic actinomycete strain, IXS4T, was isolated from the root of Artemisia argyi, a medicinal plant collected from Yesanpo located in Laishui county, Hebei province, China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain IXST showed most similarity to Glycomyces mayteni YIM 61331T (98.23 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Glycomyces scopariae YIM 56256T (98.00 %), Glycomyces sambucus E71T (97.90 %) and Glycomyces algeriensis NRRL B-16327T (97.10 %). DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain IXS4T and the closely related type strains were well below 70 %. The strain also showed a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics that were distinct from the closely related species. The strain contained MK-10(H2) and MK-11(H0) as the detected menaquinones. The peptidoglycan was mainly meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars contained galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strain IXS4T represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces , with the name http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.7671 Glycomyces artemisiae sp. nov. The type strain is IXS4T ( = HBUM178000T = CGMCC 4.7067T = NBRC 109773T).
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Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from hydrothermal sediment
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 0704C9-2T, was isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean. The organism grew with 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl and at 10–37 °C, with optimal growth occurring with 1 % NaCl and at 28–30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 0704C9-2T belonged to the genus Microbacterium . It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbacterium testaceum DSM 20166T (98.4 %). Levels of similarity with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Microbacterium were less than 98.0 %. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments with strain 0704C9-2T and its closest relative, M. testaceum DSM 20166T, revealed a low reassociation value of 42.9 %. The DNA G+C content of strain 0704C9-2T was 73.3 mol%. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine and the acyl type was glycolyl. The major whole-cell sugars were mannose, galactose, rhamnose and glucose. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The predominant menaquinones were MK-11, MK-10 and MK-12. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycolipids and an unknown phospholipid. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain 0704C9-2T represents a novel species within the genus Microbacterium , for which the name Microbacterium hydrothermale sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 0704C9-2T ( = LMG 27542T = CGMCC 1.12512T).
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Microbacterium mangrovi sp. nov., an amylolytic actinobacterium isolated from mangrove forest soil
Strain MUSC 115T was isolated from mangrove soil of the Tanjung Lumpur river in the state of Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Cells of this strain stained Gram-positive and were non-spore-forming, short rods that formed yellowish-white colonies on different agar media. The taxonomy of strain MUSC 115T was studied by a polyphasic approach, and the organism showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with those of the genus Microbacterium . The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β, containing the amino acids ornithine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and homoserine. The muramic acid was of the N-glycolyl form. The predominant menaquinones detected were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified lipids, three unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids of the cell membrane were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The whole-cell sugars detected were ribose, glucose, mannose and galactose. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain MUSC 115T showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbacterium immunditiarum SK 18T (98.1 %), M. ulmi XIL02T (97.8 %) and M. arborescens DSM 20754T (97.5 %) and lower sequence similarity to strains of other species of the genus Microbacterium . DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA–DNA relatedness (less than 24 %) between strain MUSC 115T and the type strains of closely related species. Furthermore, BOX-PCR fingerprint comparison also indicated that strain MUSC 115T represented a unique DNA profile. The DNA G+C content determined was 70.9±0.7 mol%, which is lower than that of M. immunditiarum SK 18T. Based on the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain MUSC 115T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium , for which the name Microbacterium mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MUSC 115T ( = MCCC 1K00251T = DSM 28240T = NBRC 110089T).
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Gordonia iterans sp. nov., isolated from a patient with pneumonia
A second novel clinical actinobacterial strain, designated IFM 10348T, was isolated from the sputum of the same Japanese patient with bacterial pneumonia from whom the type strain of Gordonia araii had been isolated. The strains differed in phylogenetic position and drug-resistance profiles. The taxonomic position of strain IFM 10348T was clarified by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences clearly demonstrated that strain IFM 10348T occupied a distinct clade within the genus Gordonia and was related closely to Gordonia malaquae DSM 45064T and Gordonia hirsuta DSM 44140T (97.3 and 97.1 % similarities, respectively). Strain IFM 10348T was also clearly differentiated from G. malaquae DSM 45064T and G. hirsuta DSM 44140T based on gyrB and secA1 gene sequence similarity values. Strain IFM 10348T had MK-9(H2) as the predominant menaquonine, contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose and glucosamine as cell-wall components, and contained C18 : 1ω9c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. Mycolic acids were present. The DNA G+C content of strain IFM 10348T was 68.0 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness data coupled with the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain IFM 10348T represents a novel species of the genus Gordonia , for which the name Gordonia iterans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IFM 10348T ( = CCTCC M2011245T = NCCB 100436T).
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Saccharopolyspora halotolerans sp. nov., a halophilic actinomycete isolated from a hypersaline lake
More LessA novel actinomycete strain, designated TRM 45123T, was isolated from a hypersaline habitat in Xinjiang Province (40° 20′ N 90° 49′ E), north-west China. The isolate was characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain TRM 45123T belonged to the genus Saccharopolyspora and was closely related to Saccharopolyspora gloriosae (96.7 % similarity). The G+C content of the DNA was 69.07 mol%. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and arabinose and ribose as the major whole-cell sugars. The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Saccharopolyspora halotolerans sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Saccharopolyspora halotolerans is TRM 45123T ( = CCTCC AA 2013006T = DSM 45990T).
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Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the deep subsurface of the Iberian pyrite belt
More LessA novel actinobacterium, designated IPBSL-7T, was isolated from a drilling core 297 m deep obtained from the Iberian Pyrite Belt. The strain was isolated anaerobically using nitrate as the electron acceptor. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that it was related to Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (95.7 % similarity), Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (95.7 %), Tessaracoccus lubricantis KSS-17SeT (95.6 %) and Tessaracoccus oleiagri SL014B-20A1T (95.0 %), while its similarity to any other member of the family Propionibacteriaceae was less than 94 %. Cells were non-motile, non-spore-forming, Gram-positive, oval to rod-shaped, and often appeared in pairs or small groups. The strain was facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and capable of reducing nitrate. Colonies were circular, convex, smooth and colourless. The organism could grow at between 15 and 40 °C, with an optimal growth at 37 °C. The pH range for growth was from pH 6 to 9, with pH 8 being the optimal value. Strain IPBSL-7T had peptidoglycan type A3-γ′, with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino-acid and glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. The dominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4) (93.8 %). The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0 (55.0 %). The DNA G+C content was 70.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic results, strain IPBSL-7T can be differentiated from previously described species of the genus Tessaracoccus and, therefore, represents a novel species, for which the name Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IPBSL-7T ( = CECT 8385T = DSM 27266T).
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Allokutzneria oryzae sp. nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of Oryza sativa L.
The taxonomic status of a rhizospheric soil actinomycete, designated R8-39T, was established using a polyphasic approach. The organism had phenotypic and morphological characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus Allokutzneria . Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain formed a monophyletic clade with the type strains of members of the genus Allokutzneria . Strain R8-39T displayed the highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Allokutzneria albata DSM 44149T (98.8 %) and Allokutzneria multivorans YIM 120521T (98.3 %). However, the DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain R8-39T and A. albata and A. multivorans were clearly below the 70 % threshold. The organism was found to have chemical characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus Allokutzneria . Whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. The main menaquinone was MK-9(H4). No mycolic acid was detected. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.8 mol%. In addition, strain R8-39T had a phenotypic profile that readily distinguished it from recognized representatives of the genus Allokutzneria . It is evident from the combined genotypic and phenotypic properties that strain R8-39T represents a novel species of the genus Allokutzneria . The proposed name for this species is Allokutzneria oryzae sp. nov.; the type strain is R8-39T ( = BCC 60399T = NBRC 109649T).
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- Firmicutes and Related Organisms
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Bacillus mesonae sp. nov., isolated from the root of Mesona chinensis
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped and motile, mildly halotolerant, endospore-forming bacterium, FJAT-13985T, was isolated from the internal tissues of Mesona chinensis root. Strain FJAT-13985T grew at 20–45 °C (optimum 30 °C) and pH 5.7–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 1 % (w/v)]. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The cell wall of strain FJAT-13985T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (97.4 %). The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 (23.3 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (40.8 %). The DNA G+C content was 41.64 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-13985T is a member of the genus Bacillus and is most closely related to Bacillus drentensis DSM 15600T (98.4 %), Bacillus vireti DSM 15602T (98.2 %) and Bacillus novalis DSM 15603T (98.3 %). DNA–DNA hybridization indicated that relatedness between strain FJAT-13985T and its closest relative, B. drentensis DSM 15600T, was 36.63 %. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicate that strain FJAT-13985T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus mesonae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-13985T ( = DSM 25968T = CGMCC1.12238T).
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Description of Symbiobacterium ostreiconchae sp. nov., Symbiobacterium turbinis sp. nov. and Symbiobacterium terraclitae sp. nov., isolated from shellfish, emended description of the genus Symbiobacterium and proposal of Symbiobacteriaceae fam. nov.
Three novel moderately anaerobic, thermophilic, rod-shaped bacterial strains, KY38T, KY46T and KA13T, were isolated from shellfish collected on the Pacific coastline of Enoshima, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these bacteria belong to the genus Symbiobacterium , sharing sequence similarities of 97.8 % (KY38T), 96.4 % (KY46T) and 93.3 % (KA13T) with the type strain of Symbiobacterium thermophilum , the only species of the genus with a validly published name. These isolates reduced nitrate and grew optimally at 55–60 °C. Strains KY38T and KA13T formed endospore-like structures in the terminal or subterminal part of their cells at low frequencies. Genomic DNA G+C contents were 68.8 (KY38T), 67.2 (KY46T) and 67.1 (KA13T) mol%. The isolates all presented the predominant menaquinone MK-6, major fatty acids iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 and the major polar lipids phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown glycol-containing phospholipids. On the basis of their morphological, physiological and phylogenetic properties, strains KY38T, KY46T and KA13T represent three novel species, for which the names Symbiobacterium ostreiconchae sp. nov. (type strain KY38T = DSM 27624T = KCTC 4567T = JCM 15048T), Symbiobacterium turbinis sp. nov. (type strain KY46T = DSM 27625T = KCTC 4568T = JCM 15996T) and Symbiobacterium terraclitae sp. nov. (type strain KA13T = DSM 27138T = KCTC 4569T = JCM 15997T) are proposed. An emended description of the genus Symbiobacterium is also presented. The phylogenetic distinctiveness of the genus Symbiobacterium indicates its affiliation with a novel family, for which the name Symbiobacteriaceae fam. nov. is proposed.
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Veillonella seminalis sp. nov., a novel anaerobic Gram-stain-negative coccus from human clinical samples, and emended description of the genus Veillonella
More LessTen isolates of unknown, Gram-stain-negative, anaerobic cocci were recovered from human clinical samples, mainly from semen. On the basis of their phenotypic features, including morphology, main metabolic end products, gas production, nitrate reduction and decarboxylation of succinate, the strains were identified as members of the genus Veillonella. Multi-locus sequence analysis and corresponding phylogenies were based on 16S rRNA, dnaK and rpoB genes, and on the newly proposed gltA gene. The strains shared high levels of genetic sequence similarity and were related most closely to Veillonella ratti . The strains could not be differentiated from V. ratti on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis while gltA, rpoB and dnaK gene sequences showed 85.1, 93.5 and 90.2 % similarity with those of the type strain of V. ratti , respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolates formed a robust clade in the V. ratti – Veillonella criceti – Veillonella magna subgroup of the genus Veillonella . As observed for V. criceti , the isolates were able to ferment fructose. In contrast to other members of the genus Veillonella , the 10 strains were not able to metabolize lactate. Cellular fatty acid composition was consistent with that of other species of the genus Veillonella . From these data, the 10 isolates are considered to belong to a novel species in the genus Veillonella , for which the name Veillonella seminalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ADV 4313.2T ( = CIP 107810T = LMG 28162T). Veillonella strain ACS-216-V-Col6b subjected to whole genome sequencing as part as the Human Microbiome Project is another representative of V. seminalis sp. nov. An emended description of the genus Veillonella is also proposed.
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Peptoniphilus stercorisuis sp. nov., isolated from a swine manure storage tank and description of Peptoniphilaceae fam. nov.
More LessA species of a previously unknown Gram-positive-staining, anaerobic, coccus-shaped bacterium recovered from a swine manure storage tank was characterized using phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies and biochemical characteristics demonstrated that this organism is genotypically and phenotypically distinct, and represents a previously unknown sub-line within the order Clostridiales , within the phylum Firmicutes . Pairwise sequence analysis demonstrated that the novel organism clustered within the genus Peptoniphilus , most closely related to Peptoniphilus methioninivorax sharing a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.5 %. The major long-chain fatty acids were found to be C14 : 0 (22.4 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %), C16 : 1ω7c (11.3 %) and C16 : 0 ALDE (10.1 %) and the DNA G +C content was 31.8 mol%. Based upon the phenotypic and phylogenetic findings presented, a novel species Peptoniphilus stercorisuis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SF-S1T ( = DSM 27563T = NBRC 109839T). In addition, it is proposed to accommodate the genera Peptoniphilus , Anaerococcus , Anaerosphaera , Finegoldia , Gallicola , Helcococcus , Murdochiella and Parvimonas in a new family of the order Clostridiales , for which the name Peptoniphilaceae fam. nov. is proposed; the type genus of the family is Peptoniphilus .
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Description of Propionispira arcuata sp. nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste, reclassification of Zymophilus raffinosivorans and Zymophilus paucivorans as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. nov. and Propionispira paucivorans comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Propionispira
More LessA strictly anaerobic bacterial strain, WK011T, was isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms. The cells stained Gram-negative and were curved rods with a polar or subpolar flagellum. Spore formation was not observed. The optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C and the optimum pH was 6.7. Tests for oxidase, catalase and nitrate-reduction activities were negative. Hydrogen sulfide was produced. The strain fermented carbohydrates and produced acetate and propionate as major fermentation products. The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.7 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1 dimethylacetal. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The most closely related species to strain WK011T on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were Propionispira arboris and Zymophilus raffinosivorans (95.6 % sequence similarity to the type strains of both species). It was shown by phylogenetic and phenotypic examination of the type strains of related species, including the second species of the genus Zymophilus , Zymophilus paucivorans , that the two genera should be combined and that the two species of the genus Zymophilus should be transferred to the genus Propionispira, as Propionispira raffinosivorans comb. nov. (type strain SH2T = ATCC 49691T = DSM 20765T) and Propionispira paucivorans comb. nov. (type strain AA1T = ATCC 49689T = DSM 20756T), with an emended description of the genus Propionispira . Based on differences in the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain WK011T from those of closely related species, the novel species Propionispira arcuata sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the strain. The type strain is WK011T ( = JCM 16475T = DSM 22929T).
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- Proteobacteria
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Oligoflexus tunisiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-negative, aerobic, filamentous bacterium of a novel proteobacterial lineage, and description of Oligoflexaceae fam. nov., Oligoflexales ord. nov. and Oligoflexia classis nov.
A phylogenetically novel proteobacterium, strain Shr3T, was isolated from sand gravels collected from the eastern margin of the Sahara Desert. The isolation strategy targeted bacteria filterable through 0.2-µm-pore-size filters. Strain Shr3T was determined to be a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, filamentous bacterium. Oxidase and catalase reactions were positive. Strain Shr3T showed growth on R2A medium, but poor or no growth on nutrient agar, trypticase soy agar and standard method agar. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7. The dominant cellular fatty acids detected were C16 : 1ω5c and C16 : 0, and the primary hydroxy acid present was C12 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 54.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Shr3T was affiliated with an uncultivated lineage of the phylum Proteobacteria ; the nearest known type strain, with 83 % sequence similarity, was Desulfomicrobium orale DSM 12838T in the class Deltaproteobacteria . The isolate and closely related environmental clones formed a novel class-level clade in the phylum Proteobacteria with high bootstrap support (96–99 %). Based on these results, the novel class Oligoflexia classis nov. in the phylum Proteobacteria and the novel genus and species Oligoflexus tunisiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed for strain Shr3T, the first cultivated representative of the Oligoflexia. The type strain of Oligoflexus tunisiensis is Shr3T ( = JCM 16864T = NCIMB 14846T). We also propose the subordinate taxa Oligoflexales ord. nov. and Oligoflexaceae fam. nov. in the class Oligoflexia.
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Vulgatibacter incomptus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Labilithrix luteola gen. nov., sp. nov., two myxobacteria isolated from soil in Yakushima Island, and the description of Vulgatibacteraceae fam. nov., Labilitrichaceae fam. nov. and Anaeromyxobacteraceae fam. nov.
More LessTwo myxobacterial strains (designated B00001T and B00002T) were isolated from forest soil samples collected from Yakushima Island, Kagoshima, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains B00001T and B00002T respectively formed independent branches within the suborders Cystobacterineae and Sorangiineae and were most closely related to Cystobacter armeniaca DSM 14710T (90.4 % similarity) and Byssovorax cruenta DSM 14553T (91.3 %). Neither strain showed typical features of myxobacteria such as bacteriolytic action or fruiting body formation, but both had high DNA G+C contents (66.3–68.3 mol%). Swarming motility was observed in strain B00002T only. Cells of both strains were vegetative, chemoheterotrophic, mesophilic, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, motile rods, and both strains exhibited esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and β-galactosidase activities. Strain B00001T contained MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and the major fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. In contrast, strain B00002T contained MK-8 as the major cellular quinone and the major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω5c and iso-C17 : 0. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data presented, strains B00001T and B00002T represent novel genera and species, for which we propose the names Vulgatibacter incomptus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Labilithrix luteola gen. nov., sp. nov., respectively. The type strains of Vulgatibacter incomptus and Labilithrix luteola are B00001T ( = NBRC 109945T = DSM 27710T) and B00002T ( = NBRC 109946T = DSM 27648T), respectively. The new genera are assigned to the new families Vulgatibacteraceae fam. nov. and Labilitrichaceae fam. nov., respectively. In addition, Anaeromyxobacteraceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate the genus Anaeromyxobacter , which is related to the genus Vulgatibacter.
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Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. nov., isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil
An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, pale, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, DDT-3T, was isolated from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-contaminated soil in Liyang, PR China. Strain DDT-3T grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C (optimum 30–37 °C) and a pH of between 5.0 and 10.0 (optimum pH 7.0–8.0). The G+C content of the total DNA was 70.1 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DDT-3T showed the highest similarity to that of Pseudoxanthobacter soli CC4T (99.6 %), followed by Kaistia dalseonensis B6-8T (93.3 %), Kaistia soli 5YN9-8T (93.0 %) and Amorphus orientalis YIM D10T (93.0 %). Strain DDT-3T showed less than 92.6 % similarity with other species of the family Xanthobacteraceae . The major cellular fatty acids of strain DDT-3T were C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (42.6 %), C16 : 0 (33.2 %) and C18 : 1ω7c (10.0 %). The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The characteristic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids were glycolipid, lipid, phosphatidylcholine, aminolipid, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The polyamine profile consisted of major amounts of putrescine (92.9 %) and minor amounts of spermidine (5.0 %) and spermine (2.1 %). These chemotaxonomic data support the affiliation of strain DDT-3T with the genus Pseudoxanthobacter . The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain DDT-3T and strain CC4T was 47.8 % (reciprocal 44.3 %). DNA–DNA hybridization data as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DDT-3T and strain CC4T. Strain DDT-3T, therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthobacter , for which the name Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DDT-3T ( = KACC 16601T = CCTCC AB 2013167T).
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Bradyrhizobium ingae sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Inga laurina grown in Cerrado soil
Root-nodule bacteria were isolated from Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. growing in the Cerrado Amazon region, State of Roraima, Brazil. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of six strains (BR 10250T, BR 10248, BR 10249, BR 10251, BR 10252 and BR 10253) showed low similarities with currently described species of the genus Bradyrhizobium . Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of five housekeeping genes (dnaK, glnII, gyrB, recA and rpoB) revealed Bradyrhizobium iriomotense EK05T to be the closest type strain (97.4 % sequence similarity or less). Chemotaxonomic data, including fatty acid profiles [with the major components C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c/C18 : 1ω7c)], the slow growth rate and carbon compound utilization patterns supported the assignment of our strains to the genus Bradyrhizobium . Results from DNA–DNA hybridizations and physiological traits differentiated our strains from the closest related species of the genus Bradyrhizobium with validly published names. Sequences of symbiosis-related genes for nodulation (nodC) and nitrogen fixation (nifH) grouped together with those of B. iriomotense EK05T and Bradyrhizobium sp. strains BR 6610 (used as a commercial inoculant for Inga marginata in Brazil) and TUXTLAS-10 (previously observed in Central America). Based on these data, the six strains represent a novel species, for which the name Bradyrhizobium ingae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BR 10250T ( = HAMBI 3600T).
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Re-examination of the taxonomic status of Enterobacter helveticus, Enterobacter pulveris and Enterobacter turicensis as members of the genus Cronobacter and their reclassification in the genera Franconibacter gen. nov. and Siccibacter gen. nov. as Franconibacter helveticus comb. nov., Franconibacter pulveris comb. nov. and Siccibacter turicensis comb. nov., respectively
Recently, a taxonomical re-evaluation of the genus Enterobacter , based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, has led to the proposal that the species Enterobacter pulveris , Enterobacter helveticus and Enterobacter turicensis should be reclassified as novel species of the genus Cronobacter . In the present work, new genome-scale analyses, including average nucleotide identity, genome-scale phylogeny and k-mer analysis, coupled with previously reported DNA–DNA hybridization values and biochemical characterization strongly indicate that these three species of the genus Enterobacter are not members of the genus Cronobacter , nor do they belong to the re-evaluated genus Enterobacter . Furthermore, data from this polyphasic study indicated that all three species constitute two new genera. We propose reclassifying Enterobacter pulveris and Enterobacter helveticus in the genus Franconibacter gen. nov. as Franconibacter pulveris comb. nov. (type strain 601/05T = LMG 24057T = DSM 19144T) and Franconibacter helveticus comb. nov. (type strain 513/05T = LMG 23732T = DSM 18396T), respectively, and Enterobacter turicensis in the genus Siccibacter gen. nov. as Siccibacter turicensis comb. nov. (type strain 508/05T = LMG 23730T = DSM 18397T).
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Idiomarina planktonica sp. nov., isolated from a saline lake
More LessA Gram-stain-negative bacterium, strain TS-T11T, was isolated from Tuosu lake, a saline lake (salinity 5.4 %, w/v) in the Qaidam basin, Qinghai province, China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain TS-T11T were non-spore-forming rods, 0.6–0.8 µm wide and 0.8–2.2 µm long, and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strain TS-T11T was strictly heterotrophic and aerobic. Cells were positive for catalase and oxidase. Growth was observed in the presence of 0.5–11.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4.0–6.0 %), at 4–40 °C (optimum 30–35 °C) and at pH 6.0–10.5 (optimum pH 7.5–8.5). Strain TS-T11T contained iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1ω9c as the predominant fatty acids (>10 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The polar lipids consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and nine uncharacterized phospholipids. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 46.8 mol% (T m). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TS-T11T was associated with the genus Idiomarina , and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Idiomarina aestuarii KYW314T (97.4 %) and Idiomarina salinarum ISL-52T (97.4 %). DNA–DNA relatedness of strain TS-T11T to I. aestuarii JCM 16344T and I. salinarum DSM 21900T was 22.2±2.4 and 11.5±1.6 %, respectively. Based on the data presented above, it was concluded that strain TS-T11T represents a novel species of the genus Idiomarina , for which the name Idiomarina planktonica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TS-T11T ( = CGMCC 1.12458T = JCM 19263T).
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Acinetobacter guangdongensis sp. nov., isolated from abandoned lead–zinc ore
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-motile bacterial strain designated 1NM-4T was isolated from an abandoned lead–zinc ore mine site in Mei County, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, southern China. The isolate was light yellow, strictly aerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, rpoB and gyrB gene sequences, together with DNA–DNA hybridization values less than 70 %, revealed that strain 1NM-4T belongs to the genus Acinetobacter and may represent a novel species. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) and the major cellular fatty acids consisted of C18 : 1ω9c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C12 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 1NM-4T was 47.17±0.02 mol%. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain 1NM-4T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter , for which the name Acinetobacter guangdongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1NM-4T ( = GIMCC 1.656T = CCTCC AB 2014199T = KCTC 42012T).
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Pseudopelagicola gijangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated YSS-7T, was isolated from a sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) collected from the South Sea of South Korea. Strain YSS-7T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YSS-7T clustered with the type strains of Pelagicola litoralis , Planktotalea frisia , Pacificibacter maritimus and Roseovarius marinus . Strain YSS-7T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.7 %) to the type strain of Pelagicola litoralis and sequence similarity of more than 96.0 % to the type strains of some other species. Strain YSS-7T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain YSS-7T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain YSS-7T were different from those of the type strains of phylogenetically related species. The DNA G+C content of strain YSS-7T was 55.5 mol%. Other phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain YSS-7T is distinguished from phylogenetically related species. On the basis of the data presented, strain YSS-7T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Pseudopelagicola gijangensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pseudopelagicola gijangensis is YSS-7T ( = KCTC 42049T = CECT 8540T).
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Undibacterium squillarum sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater shrimp culture pond
More LessA bacterial strain designated CMJ-15T was isolated from a freshwater shrimp culture pond in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain CMJ-15T were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative and motile by a single polar flagellum and formed light-yellow colonies. Growth occurred at 20–40 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), with 0–0.7 % NaCl (optimum, 0–0.2 %) and at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CMJ-15T belonged to the genus Undibacterium and its closest neighbour was Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum EM 1T, with sequence similarity of 96.3 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. The major cellular hydroxy fatty acid was C10 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The polyamine profile was composed of the major compound putrescine and moderate amounts of 2-hydroxyputrescine. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the DNA G+C content was 52.2 mol%. On the basis of these phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain CMJ-15T should be classified as representing a novel species, for which the name Undibacterium squillarum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CMJ-15T ( = BCRC 80404T = LMG 26892T = KCTC 23917T).
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Geobacter anodireducens sp. nov., an exoelectrogenic microbe in bioelectrochemical systems
More LessA previously isolated exoelectrogenic bacterium, strain SD-1T, was further characterized and identified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Geobacter . Strain SD-1T was Gram-negative, aerotolerant, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-fermentative and non-motile. Cells were short, curved rods (0.8–1.3 µm long and 0.3 µm in diameter). Growth of strain SD-1T was observed at 15–42 °C and pH 6.0–8.5, with optimal growth at 30–35 °C and pH 7. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was a member of the genus Geobacter , with the closest known relative being Geobacter sulfurreducens PCAT (98 % similarity). Similar to other members of the genus Geobacter , strain SD-1T used soluble or insoluble Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor coupled with the oxidation of acetate. However, SD-1T could not reduce fumarate as an electron acceptor with acetate oxidization, which is an important physiological trait for G. sulfurreducens . Moreover, SD-1T could grow in media containing as much as 3 % NaCl, while G. sulfurreducens PCAT can tolerate just half this concentration, and this difference in salt tolerance was even more obvious when cultivated in bioelectrochemical systems. DNA–DNA hybridization analysis of strain SD-1T and its closest relative, G. sulfurreducens ATCC 51573T, showed a relatedness of 61.6 %. The DNA G+C content of strain SD-1T was 58.9 mol%. Thus, on the basis of these characteristics, strain SD-1T was not assigned to G. sulfurreducens , and was instead classified in the genus Geobacter as a representative of a novel species. The name Geobacter anodireducens sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain SD-1T ( = CGMCC 1.12536T = KCTC 4672T).
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Permianibacter aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium of the family Pseudomonadaceae capable of aggregating potential biofuel-producing microalgae
More LessA novel bacterial strain, capable of aggregating potential biofuel-producing microalgae, was isolated from the phycosphere of an algal culture and designated HW001T. The novel bacterial strain was identified on the basis of its phylogenetic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics in this study. Cells were aerobic, Gram-negative rods. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain HW001T is affiliated with the family Pseudomonadaceae in the phylum Proteobacteria , but forms a distinct clade within this family. The DNA G+C content of strain HW001T was 55.4 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c). Q-8 was the main respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and some unidentified lipids. Based on the extensive polyphasic analysis, strain HW001T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudomonadaceae , for which the name Permianibacter aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HW001T ( = CICC 10856T = KCTC 32485T).
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Alcanivorax xenomutans sp. nov., a hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium isolated from a shrimp cultivation pond
More LessTwo bacterial strains (JC109T and JC261) were isolated from a sediment sample collected from a shrimp cultivation pond in Tamil Nadu (India). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, motile rods. Both strains were positive for catalase and oxidase, hydrolysed Tween 80, and grew chemo-organoheterotrophically with an optimal pH of 6 (range pH 4–9) and at 30 °C (range 25–40 °C). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains JC109T and JC261 were identified as belonging to the genus Alcanivorax with Alcanivorax dieselolei B-5T (sequence similarity values of 99.3 and 99.7 %, respectively) and Alcanivorax balearicus MACL04T (sequence similarity values of 98.8 and 99.2 %, respectively) as their closest phylogenetic neighbours. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains JC109T and JC261 was 99.6 %. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between the two strains was 88 %. Strain JC109T showed 31±1 and 26±2 % DNA–DNA relatedness with A. dieselolei DSM 16502T and A. balearicus DSM 23776T, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strains JC109T and JC261 was 54.5 and 53.4 mol%, respectively. Polar lipids of strain JC109T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were C10 : 0, C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C12 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω7c and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. Both strains could utilize diesel oil and a variety of xenobiotics as carbon and energy sources. The results of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses allowed the clear differentiation of strains JC109T and JC261 from all other members of the genus Alcanivorax . Strains JC109T and JC261 are thus considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Alcanivorax xenomutans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC109T ( = KCTC 23751T = NBRC 108843T).
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Pseudomonas salegens sp. nov., a halophilic member of the genus Pseudomonas isolated from a wetland
A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-endospore-forming, non-pigmented, rod-shaped, slightly halophilic bacterium, designated GBPy5T, was isolated from aquatic plants of the Gomishan wetland, Iran. Cells of strain GBPy5T were motile. Growth occurred with between 1 and 10 % (w/v) NaCl and the isolate grew optimally with 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the strain were pH 8.0 and 30 °C, respectively, while it was able to grow over a pH range of 6.5–9.0 and a temperature range of 4–35 °C. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain GBPy5T is a member of the genus Pseudomonas forming a monophyletic branch. The novel strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.4 % with type strains of Pseudomonas guariconensis PCAVU11T and Pseudomonas sabulinigri J64T, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were C18 : 1ω7c (37.8 %), C16 : 0 (14.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c (12.9 %), C12 : 0 3-OH (7.1 %) and C12 : 0 (7.0 %). The polar lipid pattern of strain GBPy5T comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one phospholipid. Ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) was the predominant lipoquinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain GBPy5T was 59.2 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain GBPY5T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas , for which the name Pseudomonas salegens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GBPy5T ( = IBRC-M 10762T = CECT 8338T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Flavobacterium arsenatis sp. nov., a novel arsenic-resistant bacterium from high-arsenic sediment
More LessA novel bacterial strain ZT was isolated from the high-arsenic sediment in Jianghan Plain, China. The strain was Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and formed yellow colonies. This bacterium is capable of tolerating arsenate and arsenite, with MICs of 40 mM and 20 mM, respectively. The strain also possesses catalase and does not produce oxidase. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of the isolate showed the highest similarity (96.9 %) to that of the type strain of Flavobacterium soli . On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the phenotypic properties of strain ZT, it was assigned to the genus Flavobacterium . The major respiratory menaquinone was MK-6 and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (containing C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C15 : 1G. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three uncharacterized aminophospholipids and four unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 32.1 mol%. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data presented in this article, it can be concluded that this isolate represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium arsenatis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZT ( = CCTCC AB 2013048T = KCTC 32397T).
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Sphingobacterium paludis sp. nov., isolated from wetland soil
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative bacteria, designated S37T, was isolated from soil of the Xixi wetland, Zhejiang province, China. Cells of strain S37T were aerobic, non-motile rods. Growth occurred at 10–37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.0–9.7 (optimum, pH 7.5) and with 0–6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain S37T was found to be a member of the genus Sphingobacterium and shared highest similarity with Sphingobacterium composti 4M24T (95.78 %). The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and the DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, strain S37T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium , for which the name Sphingobacterium paludis sp. nov. (type strain S37T = CGMCC 1.12801T = NBRC 110386T) is proposed.
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Psychroflexus salarius sp. nov., isolated from Gomso salt pan
More LessA taxonomic study was carried out on a novel bacterial strain, designated MIC1008T, which was isolated from the Gomso salt pan, located in Buan County, Korea. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and moderately halophilic rods, 0.2–0.4 µm wide and 0.7–1.2 µm long. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 25 °C and pH 6.5–8.5, respectively. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. Carotenoid pigments were produced. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Psychroflexus , with Psychroflexus halocasei WCC 4520T as its closest relative, with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.4 %. The isolate contained iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids and menaquinone MK-6 as the isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipid profile of strain MIC1008T revealed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 32.9 mol%. On the basis of the evidences presented, it is concluded that strain MIC1008T represents a novel species of the genus Psychroflexus within the family Flavobacteriaceae , for which the name Psychroflexus http://dx.doi.org/10.1601/nm.8182 salarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MIC1008T ( = KACC 17063T = DSM 25661T).
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Tangfeifania diversioriginum gen. nov., sp. nov., a representative of the family Draconibacteriaceae
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-motile and pink-pigmented bacterium, designated G22T, was isolated from Gahai, a saltwater lake in Qinghai province, China. Optimal growth occurred at 33–35 °C, pH 7.0–7.5, and in the presence of 2–4 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and three unknown lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, and MK-7 was the main respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain G22T fell within the class Bacteroidia . Its closest phylogenetic neighbour was the recently described species Draconibacterium orientale , the sole member of the family Draconibacteriaceae , with merely 90.04 % sequence similarity. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence observed, a novel species in a new genus, Tangfeifania diversioriginum gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed within the family Draconibacteriaceae . The type strain is G22T ( = CICC 10587T = DSM 27063T).
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Phaeodactylibacter xiamenensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Saprospiraceae isolated from the marine alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum
A novel Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, reddish-orange and chemoheterotrophic bacteria, designated strain KD52T, was isolated from a culture of the alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum from Xiamen, Fujian Province, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that strain KD52T was a member of the family Saprospiraceae , forming a distinct lineage with ‘Portibacter lacus’ KCTC 23747. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain KD52T and the type strains of species of the family Saprospiraceae ranged from 86 % to 89 %. Growth occurred at 20–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), in the presence of 1–9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5 %) and at pH 5–8.5 (optimum, pH 6.0). The dominant fatty acids (>10 %) of strain KD52T were iso-C15 : 0 (33.1 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (14.8 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 13.8 %). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, four unknown lipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content was 51 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain KD52T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Phaeodactylibacter xiamenensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is KD52T ( = MCCC 1F01213T = KCTC 32575T).
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- Archaea
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Halovivax limisalsi sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from hypersaline mud
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, cream‐pigmented, motile, extremely halophilic archaeon, designated strain IC38T, was isolated from a saline mud sample taken from a hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, in Iran. The strain required at least 2.5 M NaCl for growth. However, MgCl2 was not required. Optimal growth occurred with 4.3 M NaCl and 0.2 M MgCl2. The optimum pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively, and strain IC38T was able to grow over a pH range of 6.5–9.0, and a temperature range of 25–45 °C. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain IC38T clustered with the two species of the genus Halovivax , Halovivax asiaticus EJ-46T and Halovivax ruber XH-70T, with sequence similarities of 96.4 % and 96.1 %, respectively. The similarities between the rpoB′ gene of the novel strain and Halovivax asiaticus and Halovivax ruber were 90.7 % and 90.3 %, respectively. The polar lipid pattern of strain IC38T consisted of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. Three unidentified glycolipids and two minor phospholipids were also observed. The DNA G+C content of strain IC38T was 62.6 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, as well as the biochemical and physiological characteristics, the new isolate is suggested to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Halovivax , for which the name Halovivax limisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Halovivax limisalsi is IC38T ( = IBRC-M 10022T = KCTC 4051T).
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Methanosarcina spelaei sp. nov., a methanogenic archaeon isolated from a floating biofilm of a subsurface sulphurous lake
A novel methanogenic archaeon, strain MC-15T, was isolated from a floating biofilm on a sulphurous subsurface lake in Movile Cave (Mangalia, Romania). Cells were non-motile sarcina-like cocci with a diameter of 2–4 µm, occurring in aggregates. The strain was able to grow autotrophically on H2/CO2. Additionally, acetate, methanol, monomethylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine were utilized, but not formate or dimethyl sulfide. Trypticase peptone and yeast extract were not required for growth. Optimal growth was observed at 33 °C, pH 6.5 and a salt concentration of 0.05 M NaCl. The predominant membrane lipids of MC-15T were archaeol and hydroxyarchaeol phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol as well as hydroxyarchaeol phosphatidylserine and archaeol glycosaminyl phosphatidylinositol. The closely related species, Methanosarcina vacuolata and Methanosarcina horonobensis, had a similar composition of major membrane lipids to strain MC-15T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MC-15T was similar to those of Methanosarcina vacuolata DSM 1232T (sequence similarity 99.3 %), Methanosarcina horonobensis HB-1T (98.8 %), Methanosarcina barkeri DSM 800T (98.7 %) and Methanosarcina siciliae T4/MT (98.4 %). DNA–DNA hybridization revealed 43.3 % relatedness between strain MC-15T and Methanosarcina vacuolata DSM 1232T. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.0 mol%. Based on physiological, phenotypic and genotypic differences, strain MC-15T represents a novel species of the genus Methanosarcina , for which the name Methanosarcina spelaei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MC-15T ( = DSM 26047T = JCM 18469T).
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- Other Bacteria
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Deinococcus phoenicis sp. nov., an extreme ionizing-radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from the Phoenix Lander assembly facility
A bacterial strain, designated 1P10MET, which was resistant to extreme doses of ionizing radiation, pale-pink, non-motile, and a tetrad-forming coccoid was isolated from a cleanroom at the Kennedy Space Center, where the Phoenix spacecraft was assembled. Strain 1P10MET showed optimum growth at 30 °C, with a pH range for growth of 6.5–9.0 and was highly sensitive to sodium chloride, growing only in medium with no added NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 1P10MET represents a novel member of the genus Deinococcus , with low sequence similarities (<93.5 %) to recognized species of the genus Deinococcus . The predominant cellular fatty acid was C15 : 1ω6c. This novel strain exhibits extreme resistance to gamma radiation (D10 >8 kGy) and UV (D10 >1000 Jm−2). The results of our polyphasic taxonomic analyses suggest that strain 1P10MET represents a novel species of the genus Deinococcus , for which the name Deinococcus phoenicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1P10MET ( = NRRL B-59546T = DSM 27173T).
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- ICSP
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The status of the name Lactobacillus rogosae Holdeman and Moore 1974. Opinion 88.Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that the combination Lactobacillus rogosae Holdeman and Moore 1974 represented by the type strain ATCC 27753 listed on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names does not appear to be currently represented by an extant type strain. Further work is needed to determine whether a derivative of the original type can be found or whether a neotype can be designated.
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The epithet aurantiaca in Micromonospora aurantiaca Sveshnikova et al. 1969 (Approved Lists 1980) is illegitimate and requires a replacement epithet. Opinion 89. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that the combination Micromonospora aurantiaca Sveshnikova et al. 1969 (Approved Lists 1980) may not serve as the correct name of the taxon because Rule 12b states that no specific or subspecific epithets within the same genus may be the same if based on different types and the specific epithet aurantiaca in Micromonospora aurantiaca Sveshnikova et al. 1969 (Approved Lists 1980) is the same as the subspecific epithet aurantiaca in Micromonospora carbonacea subsp. aurantiaca Luedemann and Brodsky 1964 (Approved Lists 1980) and the latter has priority. According to Rule 53, the duplication of the same specific or subspecific epithet based on different types creates an illegitimate epithet with the principle of priority determining which is to be replaced as specified in Rule 54. The replacement of the specific epithet aurantiaca in Micromonospora aurantiaca Sveshnikova et al. 1969 (Approved Lists 1980) also requires that the authorship of the original authors is retained. However, action of this nature requires that the original epithet is maintained in the original combination. There currently appears to be no mechanisms where such action can be taken.
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The combination Enterobacter agglomerans is to be cited as Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Ewing and Fife 1972 and the combination Pantoea agglomerans is to be cited as Pantoea agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Gavini et al. 1989. Opinion 90. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that, according to information presented to it, the combination Enterobacter agglomerans is to be cited as Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Ewing and Fife 1972 and the combination Pantoea agglomerans is to be cited as Pantoea agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Gavini et al. 1989.
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ATCC 43642 replaces ATCC 23581 as the type strain of Leptospira interrogans (Stimson 1907) Wenyon 1926. Opinion 91. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that, according to information presented to it, the type strain of Leptospira interrogans (Stimson 1907) Wenyon 1926 designated on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (ATCC 23581) has been shown not to represent an authentic culture of strain RGA (a member of the serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae) and ATCC 43642, derived from an authentic strain of strain RGA, a member of the serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, is designated the type strain of Leptospira interrogans (Stimson 1907) Wenyon 1926.
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The Request for an Opinion that the current use of the genus name Mycoplasma be maintained and Mycoplasma coccoides be considered a legitimate name is denied. Opinion 92.
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that the request that the current use of the genus name Mycoplasma be maintained and Mycoplasma coccoides be considered a legitimate name is denied.
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The designated type strain of Pseudomonas halophila Fendrich 1989 is DSM 3051, the designated type strain of Halovibrio variabilis Fendrich 1989 is DSM 3050, the new name Halomonas utahensis ( Fendrich 1989 ) Sorokin and Tindall 2006 is created for the species represented by DSM 3051 when treated as a member of the genus Halomonas, the combination Halomonas variabilis ( Fendrich 1989 ) Dobson and Franzmann 1996 is rejected, and the combination Halovibrio denitrificans Sorokin et al. 2006 is validly published with an emendation of the description of the genus Halovibrio Fendrich 1989 emend. Sorokin et al. 2006. Opinion 93. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that, according to information presented to it, the designated type strain of Pseudomonas halophila Fendrich 1989 is DSM 3051 (replacing DSM 3050) and the designated type strain of Halovibrio variabilis Fendrich 1989 is DSM 3050 (replacing DSM 3051). A new name, Halomonas utahensis (Fendrich 1989) Sorokin and Tindall 2006 nom. nov., is created for the species represented by DSM 3051 when treated as a member of the genus Halomonas , because the combination Halomonas halophila (Quesada et al. 1984) Dobson and Franzmann 1996 has priority based on the fact that the epithet halophila in the combination Halomonas halophila (Quesada et al. 1984) Dobson and Franzmann 1996 (basoynm Deleya halophila Quesada et al. 1984) has priority over the epithet halophila should the taxon Pseudomonas halophila Fendrich 1989 be treated as a member of the genus Halomonas . The combination Halomonas variabilis (Fendrich 1989) Dobson and Franzmann 1996 is rejected. The combination Halovibrio denitrificans Sorokin et al. 2006 is validly published with an emendation of the description of the genus Halovibrio Fendrich 1989 emend. Sorokin et al. 2006.
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Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn 1942 has priority over Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942 when the two are treated as members of the same species based on the principle of priority and Rule 23a, Note 1 as applied to the corresponding specific epithets. Opinion 94.
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that, according to the Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (including changes made to the wording), the combination Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn 1942 has priority over the combination Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942 when the two are treated as members of the same species based on the principle of priority as applied to the corresponding specific epithets. The type species of the genus is Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942, even if treated as a later heterotypic synonym of Agrobacterium radiobacter (Beijerinck and van Delden 1902) Conn 1942. Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942 is typified by the strain defined on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and by strains known to be derived from the nomenclatural type.
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The properties given at the time of publication for the designated type strain of Leifsonia rubra Reddy et al. 2003, CMS 76r, do not correspond with those of MTCC 4210, DSM 15304, CIP 107783 and JCM 12471 that are deposited as representing the type strain: Opinion 96. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that, according to information presented to it, the type strain of Leifsonia rubra Reddy et al. 2003 designated in the original publication as strain CMS 76r and deposited as MTCC 4210, DSM 15304, CIP 107783 and JCM 12471 does not have properties corresponding with those of the strains held in those collections under those accession numbers. The species Leifsonia rubra Reddy et al. 2003 was not represented by an authentic deposit of a type strain at the time of effective publication in the pages of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.
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The subgenus names Moraxella and Branhamella (in the genus Moraxella) are not in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria and are therefore not validly published: Supplementary information to Opinion 83. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
More LessThe publication of Opinion 83, which dealt with the valid publication of the subgenus names Moraxella and Branhamella (in the genus Moraxella ), has highlighted a problem relating to the absence of descriptions associated with these names at the time they were effectively published. This calls into question whether the ruling outlined in Opinion 83, that these names should have qualified for inclusion on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, and their inclusion on Validation List 15 are not in accordance with Rule 27 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria governing the valid publication of a name. The subgenus names Moraxella and Branhamella (in the genus Moraxella ) are not to be considered to be included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, nor are they to be considered to be validly published by inclusion on Validation List 15.
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The genus name Methanothrix Huser et al. 1983 and the species combination Methanothrix soehngenii Huser et al. 1983 do not contravene Rule 31a and are not to be considered as rejected names, the genus name Methanosaeta Patel and Sprott 1990 refers to the same taxon as Methanothrix soehngenii Huser et al. 1983 and the species combination Methanothrix thermophila Kamagata et al. 1992 is rejected: Supplementary information to Opinion 75. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
More LessThe Judicial Commission affirms that the genus name Methanothrix Huser et al. 1983 and the species combination Methanothrix soehngenii Huser et al. 1983 do not contravene Rule 31a and are not to be considered as rejected names. The genus name Methanosaeta Patel and Sprott 1990 applies to the same taxon as Methanothrix Huser et al. 1983 and is therefore a later heterotypic synonym. The combinations Methanothrix thermoacetophila corrig. Nozhevnikova and Chudina 1988 and Methanothrix thermophila Kamagata et al. 1992 are considered to refer to the same taxon, a consequence of which is that Methanothrix thermophila Kamagata et al. 1992 contravenes Rule 51b and is placed on the List of Rejected Names.
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Names at the rank of class, subclass and order, their typification and current status: Supplementary information to Opinion 79. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
More LessThe attention of the Judicial Commission was drawn to issues relating to the use of names at the rank of class, subclass and order and the nomenclatural type of names at the rank of class and subclass that were not covered by Opinion 79. The Judicial Commission ruled that names at the rank of class and order proposed by Cavalier-Smith (Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 52, 7–76, 2002) are to be placed on the List of Rejected Names (nomina rejicienda) and the use of names proposed in that publication above the rank of class is to be actively discouraged. In addition a list of names at the rank of class, subclass and order is given where the nomenclatural type, description or circumscription is unclear or where they otherwise appear to be not in accordance with the Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria.
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)