- Volume 68, Issue 5, 2018

A rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming and non-motile bacterium, strain DL-329T, was isolated from the above-ground part of a plant, Androsace koso-poljanskii Ovcz. (Primulaceae), at the the State Natural Reserve ‘Belogorie’, Russia. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the strain clustered with members of the genus Rathayibacter , showing the highest sequence similarity to Rathayibacter tritici (98.89 %), Rathayibacter rathayi (98.82 %) and Rathayibacter festucae (98.82 %). The DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated that strain DL-329T represents a separate genomic species. The results of comparative studies of physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, including cell-wall sugar patterns, polar lipid profiles, and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra of bacterial cells, allowed clear differentiation of VKM Ac-2121T from the recognized Rathayibacter species at the phenotypic level. Based on the data obtained, a new species, Rathayibacter oskolensis sp. nov., is proposed, with DL-329T (=VKM Ac-2121T=LMG 22542T) as the type strain.

A novel bioplastic-degrading actinomycete, strain SCM_MK2-4T, was isolated from paddy soil in Thailand. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain SCM_MK2-4T belonged to the genus Amycolatopsis , with the highest sequence similarity to Amycolatopsis azurea JCM 3275T (99.4 %), and was phylogenetically clustered with this strain along with Amycolatopsis lurida JCM 3141T (99.3 %), A. japonica DSM 44213T (99.2 %), A. decaplanina DSM 44594T (99.0 %), A. roodepoortensis M29T (98.9 %), A. keratiniphila subsp. nogabecina DSM 44586T (98.8 %), A. keratiniphila subsp. keratiniphila DSM 44409T (98.5 %), A. orientalis DSM 40040T (98.4 %) and A. regifaucium GY080T (98.3 %). A combination of DNA–DNA hybridization results ranging from 42.8±3.2 to 66.2±1.4 % with the type strains of A. azurea and A. lurida and some different phenotypic characteristics indicated that the strain could be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the strain were shown to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose, glucose, ribose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The major cellular fatty acid profile consisted of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2OH) and C16 : 0. The polar lipid composition of the strain consisted of phosphatidyl-N-methylethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipids, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA–DNA hybridization experimentation and the phenotypic characteristics, it was concluded that strain SCM_MK2-4T represents a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis , for which the name Amycolatopsis oliviviridis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCM_MK2-4T (=TBRC 7186T=JCM 32134T).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated C12CA1T, was isolated from forest soil in the conservation area of Chulabhorn dam, Thailand, and its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Strain C12CA1T contained meso-2,6 diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and arabinose and galactose as diagnostic sugars of the whole-cell hydrolysate. On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain C12CA1T was classified in the genus Amycolatopsis . It contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and several phospholipids consisting of diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and an unidentified glucosamine-containing phospholipid. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analyses, strain C12CA1T was closely related to Amycolatopsis vancoresmycina DSM 44592T (98.96 %) and Amycolatopsis pretoriensis JCM 12673T (98.82 %). The strain exhibited low DNA–DNA relatedness values with A. vancoresmycina DSM 44592T (6.9±0.2–11.6±1.9 %) and A. pretoriensis JCM 12673T (8.8±0.3–9.2±1.8 %). The DNA G+C content of strain C12CA1T was 69.8 mol%. Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain C12CA1T represents a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis , for which the name Amycolatopsis silviterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C12CA1T (=TBRC 1456T=NBRC 111116T).

A novel heterotrophic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NBT06-6T, was isolated from the deep seawater in the New Britain Trench and characterized phylogenetically and phenotypically. Optimal bacterial growth occurred at 35 °C (range 22–41 °C), at pH 6 (4–8) and with 4 % (w/v) NaCl (0–10 %). The strain grew at hydrostatic pressures of 0.1–100 MPa (optimum, 0.1 MPa) at 35 °C. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NBT06-6T belonged to the genus Corynebacterium , with the highest sequence similarity (97.9 %) to Corynebacterium imitans , and shared low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (<97.0 %) with other type strains. The major respiratory menaquinones were MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2). The polar lipids were diphosphatidyglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified aminoglycolipids and four unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids detected were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C15 : 0. Strain NBT06-6T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and mycolic acids in its cell wall, and mannose, galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose as major whole-cell sugars. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65.1 mol%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization value and the average nucleotide identity between strain NBT06-6T and C. imitans were 24.5±2.4 and 81.9 %, respectively. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain NBT06-6T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium , for which the name Corynebacterium hadale sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain NBT06-6T (=MCCC 1K03347T=DSM 105365T).

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-LZC 7T, was isolated from soil collected from Mount Song and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain NEAU-LZC 7T belonged to the genus Lentzea , with highest sequence similarity to Lentzea violacea JCM 10975T (98.1 %). Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain also supported its assignment to the genus Lentzea . However, DNA–DNA relatedness, physiological and biochemical data showed that strain NEAU-LZC 7T could be distinguished from its closest relative. Therefore, strain NEAU-LZC 7T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea , for which the name Lentzea soli sp. nov. is proposed, with NEAU-LZC 7T (=CCTCC AA 2017027T=JCM 32384T) as the type strain.

The taxonomic position of a novel actinomycete, strain TRM 41337T, isolated from sediment of a salt lake, Xiaoerkule Lake, Xinjiang, China, was determined by a polyphasic approach. Strain TRM 41337T grew optimally at 28 °C and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. It grew at up to pH 12. The whole-cell sugars of strain TRM 41337T were ribose and xylose. The diagnostic diamino acid contained ll-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositolmannoside and two other unidentified phospholipids. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H8), MK-9, MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6). The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 1 H. Based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the isolate was determined to belong to the genus Streptomyces . The phylogenetic tree based on its nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence (1498 nt) with representative strains showed that the strain consistently falls into a distinct phyletic lineage together with Streptomyces barkulensis DSM 42082T (97.48 % similarity) and a subclade consisting of Streptomyces fenghuangensis GIMN 4.003T (97.20 %), Streptomyces macrosporus NBRC 14748T (97.14 %) and Streptomyces radiopugnans R97T (97.01 %). On the basis of these data, strain TRM 41337T should be designated as a representative of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces salilacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TRM 41337T (=CCTCC AA 2015030T=KCTC 39726T).

Aplanobacter agropyri was first described in 1915 by O’Gara and later transferred to the genus Corynebacterium by Burkholder in 1948 but it was not included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in 1980 and, consequently, is not recognized as a validly published species. In the 1980s, bacteria resembling Corynebacterium agropyri were isolated from plant samples stored at the Washington State Mycological Herbarium and from a diseased wheatgrass plant collected in Cardwell, Montana, USA. In the framework of this study, eight additional isolates were recovered from the same herbarium plant samples in 2011. The isolates are slow-growing, yellow-pigmented, Gram-stain-positive and coryneform. The peptidoglycan is type B2γ containing diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid, the cell-wall sugars are rhamnose and mannose, the major respiratory quinone is MK-10, and the major fatty acids are anteiso-15 : 0, anteiso 17 : 0 and iso-16 : 0, all of which are typical of the genus Rathayibacter . Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the strains in the genus Rathayibacter and distinguished them from the six other described species of Rathayibacter . DNA–DNA hybridization confirmed that the strains were members of a novel species. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characterization, it appears that strains CA-1 to CA-12 represent a novel species, and the name Rathayibacter agropyri (non O’Gara 1916) comb. nov., nom. rev. is proposed; the type strain is CA-4T (=DSM 104101T;=ATCC TSD-78T).

Some species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported to be opportunistic pathogens of animals and humans. Recently there has been an upsurge in the number of cases of NTM infections, such that some NTM species are now recognized as pathogens of humans and animals. From a veterinary point of view, the major significance of NTM is the cross–reactive immune response they elicit against Mycobacterium bovis antigens, leading to misdiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Four NTM isolates were detected from a bovine nasal swab, soil and water, during an NTM survey in South Africa. These were all found using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to be closely related to Mycobacterium moriokaense . The isolates were further characterised by sequence analysis of the partial fragments of hsp65, rpoB and sodA. The genome of the type strain was also elucidated. Gene (16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB and sodA) and protein sequence data analysis of 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT 6) and 10 kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP-10) revealed that these isolates belong to a unique Mycobacterium species. Differences in phenotypic and biochemical traits between the isolates and closely related species further supported that these isolates belong to novel Mycobacterium species. We proposed the name Mycobacterium komaniense sp. nov. for this new species. The type strain is GPK 1020T (=CIP 110823T=ATCC BAA-2758).

Two novel, anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strains, ResAG-85T and ResAG-96T, were isolated from a faecal sample of a male human. 16S rRNA gene sequences analyses indicated that these strains represent a distinct lineage within the family Eggerthellaceae . Strain ResAG-85T showed 92.3 % similarity to the type strains of the genera Eggerthella and Gordonibacter . Strain ResAG-96T clustered together with Paraeggerthella hongkongensis and the newly (but not validly) published genus 'Arabia massiliensis' (94.8 % similarity). Analysis of quinones revealed that MK-5 (21 % in ResAG-85T and 95 % in ResAG-96T) and MK-7 (53 % in strain ResAG-85T) were present, which were described for the first time for members of the Eggerthellaceae . Furthermore, MK-6 was present in both strains (25 % ResAG-85T and 5 % in ResAG-96T). The polar lipids detected in ResAG-85T and ResAG-96T consisted of eight and six glycolipids, respectively. Both strains possessed three phospholipids, one phosphatidylglycerol and one diphosphatidylglycerol. Analysis of fatty acids revealed that the percentage of total branched fatty acids was relatively high in comparison to related strains with 42 and 50 % of strains ResAG-85T and ResAG-96T but comparable to the value obtained for Gordonibacter pamelaeae DSM 19378T. On the basis of this polyphasic approach including molecular (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and biochemical methods (analysis of fatty acids, quinones, polar lipids, Rapid ID 32A and API 20A), the new genera and species Rubneribacter badeniensis with ResAG-85T (=DSM 105129T=JCM 32272T) and Enteroscipio rubneri with ResAG-96T (=DSM 105130T=JCM 32273T) as the type and only strains are described.

Three actinomycetes strains, designated JBL-5, JBL-14 and JBL-20T, were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) litter in Damyang, Republic of Korea. Morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the three strains belong to the genus Streptomyces . Microscopic observation revealed that the three strains produced Spirales spore chains with smooth surfaces. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that these strains showed the highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces gelaticus NRRL B-2928T (97.8 %), Streptomyces pulveraceus LMG 20322T (97.7 %), Streptomyces intermedius NBRC 13049T (97.7 %), Streptomyces althioticus NRRL B-3981T (97.7 %) and Streptomyces matensis NBRC 12889T (97.7 %). The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strains JBL-5, JBL-14 and JBL-20T were 91.2–92.4 %, and the values between the three strains and their close phylogenetic relatives were also below 70 %. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6). The cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were arabinose and xylose. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositolmannoside, two unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C18 : 1 ω7c and iso-C16 : 0. The DNA G+C contents were 71.8–72.4 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and physiological and biochemical characterization, strains JBL-5, JBL-14 and JBL-20T are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces fuscigenes sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JBL-20T (=KACC 18269T=NBRC 110629T).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain DH51B-4-3T, which formed long chains of spherical spores borne on the tip of sporophores arising from the aerial mycelium, was isolated from rice rhizosphere soil. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The whole-cell sugars of strain DH51B-4-3T were arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose and ribose. The phospholipids in the cell membrane were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl methylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and cyclo-C17 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DH51B-4-3T should be classified in the genus Amycolatopsis and closely related to Amycolatopsis dongchuanensis YIM 75904T (98.06 %) and Amycolatopsis sacchari DSM 44468T (97.77 %). The result of DNA–DNA hybridization and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain DH51B-4-3T could be readily distinguished from its closest phylogenetic relatives. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Amycolatopsis rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DH51B-4-3T (=TBRC 6029T=NBRC 112509T).

Three actinomycete strains originating from the surface-sterilized roots of Paris polyphylla were characterized by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that they formed a deep, monophyletic branch in the genus Glycomyces , and were most closely related to the type strains of the species Glycomyces harbinensis and G lycomyces scopariae. Morphological and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strains CPCC 204357T, CPCC 204354 and CPCC 204355 to the genus Glycomyces . The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strains CPCC 204357T, CPCC 204354 and CPCC 204355 from their closest phylogenetic related species in the genus Glycomyces . Low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness with its closest type strains of G. harbinensis and G. scopariae indicated that strain CPCC 204357T represent a novel species, for which the name Glycomyces paridis sp. nov. is proposed, with CPCC 204357T (=DSM 102295T=KCTC 39745T) as the type strain.

A novel actinomycete strain, designated GKU 128T, isolated from the roots of an Indian oak tree [Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.] at Khao Khitchakut district, Chantaburi province, Thailand, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The strain formed a branched substrate and aerial mycelia which differentiated into straight to flexuous chains of smooth-ornamented spores. Analysis of the cell wall revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan. The whole-cell sugars were glucose, madurose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. Mycolic acids were absent. The major phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositolmannoside. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8), MK-9(H0) and MK-9(H4). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and 10-methyl C18 : 0 (tuberculostearic acid). The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain GKU 128T was closely related to the type strains of Actinomadura nitritigenes NBRC 15918T (99.2 % sequence similarity) and Actinomadura fibrosa JCM 9371T (98.7 %). The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain GKU 128T and the closely related type species were less than 19 %. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain GKU 128T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura , for which the name Actinomadura barringtoniae sp. nov. (=TBRC 7225T=NBRC 113074T) is proposed.

A Gram-stain-positive strain designated MDB1-42T was isolated from ice collected from Midui glacier in Tibet, PR China. Strain MDB1-42T was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 25–28 °C and pH 7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that MDB1-42T represented a member of the genus Arthrobacter . The highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.86 %) was found with Arthrobacter agilis NBRC 15319T. Multilocus sequence analysis revealed low similarity of 91.93 % between MDB1-42T and Arthrobacter agilis NBRC 15319T. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between MDB1-42T and the most closely related strain, Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T, were 81.36 and 24.5 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.0 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of MDB1-42T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17:0. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H2). On the basis of results obtained using a polyphasic approach, a novel species Arthrobacter ruber sp. nov. is proposed, with MDB1-42T (=CGMCC 1.9772T=NBRC 113088T) as the type strain.

Urolithins are gut microbial metabolites that exert health benefits in vivo and are generated from ellagic acid (EA) and ellagitannin-containing foods such as strawberries, pomegranates and walnuts. Gordonibacter species produce some intermediary urolithins but the micro-organisms responsible for the transformation of EA into the final and more bioactive urolithins, such as urolithin A and isourolithin A, are unknown. We report here a new bacterium, capable of metabolizing EA into isourolithin A, isolated from healthy human faeces and characterized by determining phenotypic, biochemical and molecular methods. Strain CEBAS 4A belongs to the Eggerthellaceae family and differed from other genera of this family, both phylogenetically and phenotypically. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the strain was related to Enterorhabdus musicola DSM 19490T (92.9 % similarity), Enterorhabdus caecimuris DSM 21839T (92.7 % similarity), Adlercreutzia equolifaciens DSM 19450T (92.5 % similarity), Asaccharobacter celatus DSM 18785T (92.5 % similarity) and Parvibacter caecicola DSM 22242T (91.2 % similarity). This strain was strictly anaerobic and Gram-stain-positive. The whole-cell fatty acids were saturated (98.3 %), a very high percentage that differs from the nearest genera ranging from 62 to 73 %. The major respiratory lipoquinone was menaquinone-7 and the diamino acid in the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol comprised the main polar lipid profile in addition to several phosphoglycolipids (PGL1–2), phospholipids (PL1–4), glycolipids (GL1–6) and lipids. Based on these data, a new genus, Ellagibacter gen. nov. is proposed with one species, Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens sp. nov. The type strain of Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens is CEBAS 4AT (=DSM 104140T=CCUG 70284T).

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, creamy-white and rod-coccus shaped actinobacterium, designated strain Ktm-20T, capable of degrading petroleum oil was isolated from oil-contaminated soil. Strain Ktm-20T was able to grow at 15–37 °C, at pH 5.5–10.0 and at 0.0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. This strain was taxonomically characterized by a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Ktm-20T belonged to the genus Rhodococcus and is closely related to Rhodococcus triatomae DSM 44892T, Rhodococcus pedocola UC12T, Rhodococcus wratislaviensis NBRC 100605T, Rhodococcus agglutinans CFH S0262T and Rhodococcus canchipurensis MBRL 353T (98.8, 98.7, 98.5, 98.4 and 98.3 % gene sequence similarity, respectively). The only respiratory quinone was MK-8(H2); the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside; and the predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C18 : 1ω9c. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; and galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose were detected as diagnostic sugars from whole-cell hydrolysates. Mycolic acids were detected. The DNA G+C content was 70.9 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain Ktm-20T and closely related species of the genus Rhodococcus were between 38.3–25.3 %, which falls below the threshold value of 70 % for the strain to be considered as novel. The morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished this strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Thus, strain Ktm-20T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus , for which the name Rhodococcus olei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ktm-20T (=KEMB 9005-695T=KACC 19390T=JCM 32206T).

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-SW11T, was isolated from soil collected from Binxian, Heilongjiang province, north China. The isolate was found to have chemical and morphological properties of the genus Streptacidiphilus , with the highest sequence similarities to Streptacidiphilus anmyonensis JCM 16223T (98.1 %), Streptacidiphilus jiangxiensis JCM 12277T (97.8 %), Streptacidiphilus melanogenes JCM 16224T (97.6 %) and Streptacidiphilus rugosus JCM 16225T (97.4 %) and it phylogenetically clustered with these four strains. The cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the major diamino acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates were rhamnose, ribose, glucose and galactose. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and two unidentified phospholipids. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C14 : 0 and C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. However, DNA–DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical data showed that strain NEAU-SW11T could be distinguished from its closest relatives. Therefore, strain NEAU-SW11T represents a novel species of the genus Streptacidiphilus , for which the name Streptacidiphilus monticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-SW11T (=CGMCC 4.7427T=DSM 105744T).