- Volume 71, Issue 10, 2021

The taxonomic status of two filamentous actinobacteria, isolates NF23 and NL8T, recovered from the litter layer of a pine forest soil in Poland was established in a genome-based polyphasic study. The isolates showed a combination of chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological properties associated with their classification in the genus Catenulispora . They formed a well supported lineage within the Catenulispora 16S rRNA gene tree and were most closely related to the type strains of Catenulispora acidiphila (99.1%), Catenulispora pinisilvae (99.9 %) and Catenulispora rubra (99.1 %), and like them, were found to have large genomes (10.8 and 11.5 Mbp, respectively). A phylogenomic tree based on the draft genomes of isolates NF23 and NL8T and their phylogenetic neighbours showed that they formed a distinct branch in the Catenulispora clade that was most closely related to C. pinisilvae DSM 111109T. The isolates shared a combination of genomic, genotypic and phenotypic features, and had high average nucleotide index (ANI) and digital DNA:DNA hybridization (dDDH) similarities consistent with their assignment to the same species. The isolates were distinguished from the C. acidiphila, C. pinisilvae and C. rubra strains by a wealth of taxonomic data and by low ANI (84.9–93.9 %) and dDDH (29.6–54.7 %) values. It is proposed that the isolates be classified in the genus Catenulispora as C. pinistramenti sp. nov. with isolate NL8T (=DSM 111110T=PCM 3045T) as the type strain. The genomes of strains NF23 and NL8T are rich in natural product-biosynthetic gene clusters hence these strains have the potential to synthesize new specialised metabolites.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain SYSU M44304T, was isolated from freshwater samples in the Pearl River Estuary. The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccus-shaped, oxidase-positive and motile. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as its diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and seven unidentified phospholipids. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C16 : 1. The G+C content based on genomic DNA was 73.2 mol %. The nearest phylogenetic neighbours to the novel strain were Mobilicoccus pelagius NBRC 104925T and Mobilicoccus caccae YIM 101593T. On the basis of chemotaxonomic and physiological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU M44304T should be considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Dermatophilaceae , for which we propose the name Agilicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Agilicoccus flavus is SYSU M44304T (=NBRC 114808T=CGMCC 1.18608T).

A cream-coloured, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain KSC-6T, was isolated from soil sampled at the Gapcheon River watershed in Daejeon, Republic of Korea. The organism does not require NaCl for growth and grows at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 10–37 °C (optimum, 25 °C). Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences reveal that strain KSC-6T belongs to the family Chitinophagaceae within the order Chitinophagales and is most closely related to Panacibacter ginsenosidivorans Gsoil 1550T (95.9% similarity). The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.9 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids (>8 %) of strain KCS-6T were iso-C15:0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 and the predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. Based on genome analyses, low digital DNA–DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity values with closely related genera, and differential chemotaxonomic and physiological properties, we suggest that strain KCS-6T represents a novel species in a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae , for which the name Limnovirga soli gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain KCS-6T=KCCM 43337T=NBRC 114336T) is proposed.

A Gram-stain-negative, ovoid or rod-shaped, non-flagellated, motile-by-gliding and aerobic bacteria, designated S10-8T, was isolated from marine sediment of the Yellow Sea. Colonies of strain S10-8T had a pink-red pigmentation and its cells were approximately 0.5–0.8 μm×1.0–2.5 μm in size. Growth occurred at 10–45 °C (optimally at 33–37 °C), in the presence of 0–12.0 % NaCl (optimally at 2.0–5.0 %, w/v) and at pH 5.0–8.5 (optimally at pH 7.0–7.5). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain S10-8T is a member of the genus Pontibacter within the family Hymenobacteraceae , and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain S10-8T to its closest relative Pontibacter actiniarum KCTC 12367T was 96.9 %. Strain S10-8T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I and/or anteiso-C17:1 B) and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The size of the draft genome was 4 623 791 bp and the G+C content was 53.5 mol%. There were low DNA-DNA hybridization values (<48.3±5.2 %) and average nucleotide identity values (<86.5 %) between strain S10-8T and the most closely related recognized Pontibacter species. Therefore, we propose a novel species in the genus Pontibacter to accommodate the novel isolate: Pontibacter flavimaris sp. nov. (type strain S10-8T=KCTC 42769T=ACCC 19859T).

A bacterial strain, designated TCH3-2T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plant grown at Dong-A University Agricultural Experiment Station, Republic of Korea. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, obligate aerobic, orange yellow-coloured, motile by gliding and short rod-shaped. Strain TCH3-2 T only grew on 1/2 tryptic soy agar and Luria–Bertani agar among the media tested, with optimum growth at 28 °C and pH 7. Salt of 1 % NaCl was necessary to support the growth of TCH3-2T. Strain TCH3-2T produced flexirubin-type pigments. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (55.6 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (17.9 %), summed feature 9 (comprising C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1  ω9c; 10.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (4.8 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (2.3 %). The major menaquinone was menaquinone-6 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, five unknown aminolipids and three unknown lipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences indicated that TCH3-2T was closely related to Flavobacterium ummariense DS-12T (95.16 %), Flavobacterium marinum SW105T (95.14 %) and Flavobacterium viscosus YIM 102796T (94.54 %). The draft genome of TCH3-2T comprised ca. 2.8 Mb with a G+C content of 34.61 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between TCH3-2T and closely related Flavobacterium species showed that it belongs to a distinct species. Furthermore, the results of morphological, physiological and biochemical tests allowed further phenotypic differentiation of TCH3-2T from its closest relatives. Thus, chemotaxonomic characteristics together with phylogenetic affiliation illustrate that TCH3-2T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium dauae sp. nov. (type strain TCH3-2T=KACC 19054T=JCM 34025T) is proposed.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium (designated as LMIT005T) was isolated from shrimp ponds in Shantou, China. The new isolate was characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain LMIT005T was found to be affiliated with the family Cyclobacteriaceae of the order Cytophagales while appearing as a distinct lineage. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain LMIT005T and Algoriphagus yeomjeoni KCTC 12309T, the closest type strain in the family, was 91.3 %. Strain LMIT005T grew optimally at 25 °C, pH 7 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content (data from genome sequence) was 40.5 mol%. Compared with reference strain A. yeomjeoni KCTC 12309T, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) of LMIT005T was 70 %. The sole respiratory quinone of LMIT005T was menaquinone (MK-7), and the major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c / C16 : 1 ω7c). The polar lipids of strain LMIT005T were mainly composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified amino lipids, two unidentified lipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. The draft genome of strain LMIT005T comprised 3 089 781 bp (3.09 Mb) nucleotides and 2773 genes. Antimicrobial resistant-related genes (blal, mexA, and mexb) were annotated in the genome of strain LMIT005T, which indicated that it might be able to resist β-lactam antibiotics. This was further verified by antimicrobial resistant test. Given its distinct genomic, morphological, and physiological differences from previously described type strains, strain LMIT005T is proposed as a representative of a novel genus of the family Cyclobacteriaceae, with the name Penaeicola halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is LMIT005T (=KCTC 82616T=CICC 25047T).

This paper presents a polyphasic taxonomic study of a Gram-stain-negative bacterium designated GA093T, a soil isolate capable of benzo(α)pyrene degradation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain GA093T is a member of the genus Flavobacterium , and formed an independent phylogenetic line while clustering with the type strains of Flavobacterium hibernum , Flavobacterium branchiarum and Flavobacterium hydatis . Strain GA093T was facultatively anaerobic, and could grow at 4–33 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6–11 (optimum, pH 7) and in the presence of 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Strain GA093T was capable of producing acid from various carbon sources, which was comparable to other related species of Flavobacterium . The strain contained MK-6 as the only isoprenoid quinone, iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol as diagnostic polar lipids, and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain GA093T were consistent with the general properties of Flavobacterium except the presence of phosphatidylinositol, which distinguished it from other related species. The total stretch of the obtained genome of GA093T was 5.05 Mbp, and the DNA G+C content was 34.79 mol%. The genome contained genes potentially related to the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. On the basis of the present polyphasic analysis, strain GA093T was found to have properties that distunguished it as representing a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium hydrocarbonoxydans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GA093T (=KCTC 72594T=LMG 31760T).

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, red-pink bacterium designated SD6T was isolated from coastal marine water at Sadong Beach, Ulleung Island, South Korea. Cells of SD6T grew at 10–42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0) and at 0–8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0–3 %). Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain SD6T was a member of the genus Pontibacter , sharing similarities to Pontibacter aydingkolensis XAAS-1T (98.0 %), Pontibacter amylolyticus 9-2T (97.3 %), Pontibacter korlensis X14-1T (97.2 %) and Pontibacter soli HYL7-26T (96.8 %). The predominant fatty acids of strain SD6T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 4 (comprising anteiso-C17 : 1 B and/or iso-C17 : 1 I) and the sole respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7 (menaquinone 7). Major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and one unidentified lipid. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values of strain SD6T with its closely related strains were 72.8–79.8 % and 19.2–22.6 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 45.4 mol%. In accordance with the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain SD6T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacte r, for which the name Pontibacter cellulosilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SD6T (=KACC 21543T=NBRC 114313T=JCM 31022T).

A novel mesophilic, aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium, designated JN-18T, was isolated from the pit mud of a strong aromatic Chinese liquor. According to a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it had the highest sequence similarity to Aminipila butyrica DSM 103574T (95.69%). The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 43.39 mol%. The cells were Gram-stain-negative, slightly curved rods with flagella. Optimum growth was observed at 37 °C, pH 6.5 and without extra addition of NaCl. Strain JN-18Tutilized amino acids (l-alanine, l-arginine, l-asparagine, l-lysine, l-methionine, l-serine and l-threonine), malate and pyruvate, and used l-arginine and l-lysine to produce acetate, butyrate, H2, and CO2. The major cellular fatty acids of strain JN-18T were C14:0, C16:0 DMA and C18:1 cis-9 DMA. The carbohydrate composition of the cell wall predominantly included galactose, glucose and rhamnose. Based on its phylogenetic, phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain JN-18T was classified as a representative of a novel species within the genus Aminipila , for which the name Aminipila luticellarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JN-18T (=CCAM 412T=JCM 39126T).

Strain EAR8T is a root endophyte isolated from Arthrocnemum macrostachyum plants collected from the Odiel marshes, Huelva (Spain). It presented in vitro plant growth-promoting properties and improved the plant growth and heavy metal accumulation in polluted soils playing an important role in phytoremediation strategies. Phenotypically, strain EAR8T cells were Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile rods with terminal oval endospores and non-swollen sporangia which form beige, opaque, butyrous, raised and irregular colonies with undulate margins. The strain was able to grow between 15–45 °C, at pH 6.0–9.0 and tolerated 0–25 % NaCl (w/v) showing optimal growth conditions on trypticase soy agar plates supplemented with 2.5 % NaCl (w/v) at pH 7.0 and 37 °C for 24 h. Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that the isolate has meso-diaminopimelic acid as the peptidoglycan in the cell wall and MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 and the polar lipid profile was composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Phylogenetic analyses based on the whole proteomes of closest sequenced relatives confirmed that strain EAR8T is affiliated to the genus Rossellomorea and forms a clade with Rossellomorea vietnamensis 15-1T with maximum support. Genome analyses showed that EAR8T has indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore biosynthesis and transporters genes and genes related to resistance against heavy metals. Phenotypic and phylogenomic comparative studies suggested that strain EAR8T is a new representative of the genus Rossellomorea and the name Rossellomorea arthrocnemi sp. nov. is proposed. Type strain is EAR8T (=CECT 9072T=DSM 103900T).

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, endospore-forming, milk-white, indole acetic acid-producing, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated as HU2P27T, was isolated from a shoot of Kalidium cuspidatum collected in Tumd Right Banner, Inner Mongolia, PR China. Strain grew at 10–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0–14.0 % NaCl (optimum, 5.0–8.0 %). The strain tested positive for oxidase, catalase and nitrate reductase. The phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the core genome both showed that strain HU2P27T clustered with Aquibacillus koreensis BH30097T, sharing 97.7 % and <97.0 % of 16S rRNA gene similarity with A. koreensis BH30097T and any other type strain. Strain HU2P27T contained MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone. Its major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and four unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 36.0 mol%. The average nucleotide identity, amino acid identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of strain HU2P27T with A. koreensis BH30097T were 71.7, 69.2 and 19.4%, respectively. The phylogenetic, physiological and phenotypic results allowed the discrimination of strain HU2P27T from its phylogenetic relatives. The name Aquibacillus kalidii sp. nov. is therefore proposed. The type strain is strain HU2P27T (=CGMCC 1.18646T=KCTC 43248T). Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene and genome analyses, we propose the reclassification of Virgibacillus campisalis Lee et al. 2012 as a later heterotypic synonym of Virgibacillus alimentarius Kim et al. 2011.

Twelve thermophilic Anoxybacillus strains were isolated from sediment and water samples from a Karvachar hot spring located in the northern part of Nagorno-Karabakh. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, one of the isolates, designated strain K1T, was studied in detail. The cells are straight, motile rods that are 0.2–0.4×2.3–7.2 µm in size. The strain is a Gram-stain-positive, moderately thermophilic facultative anaerobe with an optimum growth temperature of 60–65 °C and a growth temperature range of 45–70 °C. Growth of strain K1T was observed at pH 6–11 (optimum, pH 8–9) and was inhibited in the presence of NaCl concentrations above 2.5 % (optimum, 1–1.5 %). The isolate could utilize a wide variety of carbon sources, including d-arabinose, d-ribose, d-galactose, d-fructose, d-mannitol, maltose, aesculin, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, amidone, glycogen, turanose, d-lyxose, d-tagatose, potassium gluconate and 2-keto-gluconate. The strain was able to hydrolyse starch, casein and gelatin, was positive for oxidase and catalase, and reduced nitrate to nitrite, but was negative for H2S production. Production of urease and indole was not observed. The major cellular fatty acids were C15 : 0 iso, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 iso (52.5, 13.6 and 19.6 % of total fatty acids, respectively). Strain K1T shares >99 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity and a genomic average nucleotide identity value of 94.5 % with its closest relative, Anoxybacillus flavithermus DSM 2641T, suggesting that it represents a separate and novel species, for which the name Anoxybacillus karvacharensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Anoxybacillus karvacharensis is K1T (=DSM 106524T=KCTC 15807T).

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain Marseille-Q3039T, was isolated from subgingival dental plaque of a woman with gingivitis in Marseille, France. Strain Marseille-Q3039T was found to be an anaerobic, motile and spore-forming crescent-shaped bacterium that grew at 25–41.5 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 5.5–8.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and salinity of 5.0 g l−1 NaCl. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain Marseille-Q3039T was closely related to Selenomonas infelix ATCC 43532T (98.42 % similarity), Selenomonas dianae ATCC 43527T (97.25 %) and Centipedia periodontii DSM 2778T (97.19 %). The orthologous average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness between strain Q3039T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were respectively 84.57 and 28.2 % for S. infelix ATCC 43532T and 83.93 and 27.2 % for C. periodontii DSM 2778T. The major fatty acids were identified as C13 : 0 (27.7 %), C15 : 0 (24.4 %) and specific C13 : 0 3-OH (12.3 %). Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 2 351 779 bp and a G+C content of 57.2 mol%. On the basis of the results from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic analyses and data, we concluded that strain Marseille-Q3039T represents a novel species of the genus Selenomonas , for which the name Selenomonas timonae sp. nov. is proposed (=CSUR Q3039=CECT 30128).

A novel Gram-positive, non-motile, non-flagellated, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming and dumbbell-shaped, coccoid- or chain-shaped bacterium, designated strain LZLJ-3T, was isolated from a mud fermentation cellar which has been used for the production of Chinese strong-flavour liquor for over 100 years. Strain LZLJ-3T grew at 20–40 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and with NaCl concentrations up to 1 % (w/v; optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic trees established based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LZLJ-3T belonged to the genus Blautia of the family Lachnospiraceae, with the highest sequence similarity to Blautia stercoris GAM6-1T (91.7 %) and Blautia faecicola KGMB01111T (91.7 %). Comparative genome analysis showed that the orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and genome-to-genome distance (GGD) values between strain LZLJ-3T and B. stercoris GAM6-1T were respectively 69.1 and 22.9 %; the OrthoANI and GGD values between strain LZLJ-3T and B. faecicola KGMB01111T were respectively 70.86 and 36 % . The DNA G+C content of strain LZLJ-3T genome was 42.1 mol%. The predominant celluar fatty acids (>10 %) of strain LZLJ-3T were C16 : 0 FAME (27.9 %), C14 : 0 FAME (17.6 %) and C16 : 0 DMA (13.0 %). Arabinose, glucose and maltose could be utilized by strain LZLJ-3T as sole carbon sources for growth, with weak utilization of raffinose and l-fucose. API ZYM analysis gave positive reactions with α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase. The major end product of glucose fermentation was acetic acid. Based on the results of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain LZLJ-3T is considered to represent a novel species of Blautia , for which the name Blautia liquoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LZLJ-3T (=KCTC 25163T=CGMCC 1.5299T=JCM 34225T).

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays, was studied for its detailed taxonomic allocation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-447T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus , most closely related to the type strain of Paenibacillus solanacearum (97.8 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values to all other Paenibacillus species were below 97.0 %. DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) values with the type strain of P. solanacearum were 35.9 % (reciprocal 27%), respectively. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DDH values with the type strain of P. solanacearum were 84.86 and 28.9 %, respectively. The quinone system of strain JJ-447T consisted exclusively of menaquinones and the major component was MK-7 (96.4 %) but minor amounts of MK–6 (3.6 %) were detected as well. The polar lipid profile consisted of the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminolipid. Major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched with the major compounds anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed a further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-447T from the most closely related species on the basis of d-glucose, l-arabinose and d-mannose assimilation and other physiological tests. Thus, JJ-447T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus allorhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed, with JJ-447T (=LMG 31601T=CCM 9021T=CIP 111802T) as the type strain.

Staphylococcus argenteus and Staphylococcus schweitzeri are the newest members of the Staphylococcus aureus complex. The number of clinical reports attributed to these new S. aureus complex members is limited. In a retrospective clinical laboratory study conducted over a 4-month period investigating the prevalence of S. argenteus and S. schweitzeri , a total of 43 isolates were selected. Phylogeny based on core-gene multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis confirmed that 37 were S. argenteus but a genetically distinct clade of six isolates was identified. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses further supported the classification of these six isolates as a separate species. When compared to S. aureus complex reference genomes, the ANI values were ≤94 % and the dDDH values were <53 %. Based on the seven-gene S. aureus MLST scheme, the six isolates belong to five novel allelic profiles (ST6105, ST6106, ST6107, ST6108 and ST109). Their clinical infection features were similar to S. aureus . Skin and soft tissue infections presented in four out of the six cases. Routine clinical diagnostic identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and biochemical profiling does not differentiate these new members from the rest of the complex. Genotypic analysis suggests that the six isolates belong to a novel species, Staphylococcus singaporensis sp. nov. with isolate SS21T (=DSM 111408T=NCTC14419T) designated as the type strain.

A psychrotolerant facultative anaerobe, strain SKBGT, was isolated from the bottom sediments of the cold mineral spring Buxichen (Buryatia, Russia). Gram-positive non-motile cocci with a diameter of 1.75–2.5 µm were observed singly or in long chains. Cells grew in the temperature range from ̶ 5–35 °C. Growth was observed within the pH range of 7.0–9.5, with the optimum growth at pH 7.6 and at a NaCl concentration from 0–1.0 % (optimum 0.1 % (w/v)). Strain SKBGT was a chemoorganoheterotroph that used sugars and some organic acids as substrates. The predominant fatty acids in cell walls were С16:1ω9, С18:1ω9, and С16 : 0. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SKBGT shared high similarity (>99 %) with those of the type strains of the genus Trichococcus . Digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain SKBGT and Trichococcus shcherbakoviae ArtT (=DSM 107162T=VKM B-3260T) were 70.1 and 95.4 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SKBGT was 47.1 mol%. Compared with the type strain of T. shcherbakoviae , the new strain was characterized by a temperature optimum for growth (10 °C) significantly lower than that of T. shcherbakoviae DSM 107162T (20–30 °C). Based on phenotypic and genomic characteristics, the isolate SKBGT was classified as T. shcherbakoviae subsp. psychrophilus subsp. nov. The type strain is SKBGT (=VKM B-3241Т=JCM 33326T).

A bacterial strain designated 32AT was isolated from the skin of an Anderson’s salamander (Ambystoma andersoni) and subjected to a comprehensive taxonomic study. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, oxidase- and urease-negative, and catalase-positive. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons placed the strain in the genus Luteolibacter with highest sequence similarities to Luteolibacter pohnpeiensis A4T-83T (95.2%), Luteolibacter gellanilyticus CB-286403T (95.1%) and Luteolibacter cuticulihirudinis E100T (94.9%). Genomic sequence analysis revealed a size of 5.3 Mbp, a G+C-content of 62.2 mol% and highest ANI values with Luteolibacter luteus (71.2%), Luteolibacter yonseiensis (71.4%) and L. pohnpeiensis (69.5%). In the polyamine pattern, 1,3-diaminopropane and spermidine were predominant. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The quinone system was composed of the major menaquinones MK-9 and MK-10. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, the unidentified aminolipid AL2, the unidentified phospholipid PL2 and the unidentified aminophospholipid APL1. The fatty acid profile contained major amounts of iso-C14:0, iso-C16:0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω9c. In addition, C14 : 0, C15:0, anteiso-C15 : 0, summed feature 2 (C14 : 0 3OH and/or iso-C16 : 0 I), and the hydroxylated fatty acids iso-C14 : 0 3OH, iso-C16 : 0 3OH and C16 : 0 3-OH were detected. Physiologically, strain 32AT is distinguishable from its next relatives. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, strain 32AT represents a novel species of the genus Luteolibacter for which we propose the name Luteolibacter ambystomatis sp. nov. The type strain is 32AT (=CCM 9141T=LMG 32214T).