- Volume 69, Issue 7, 2019

A Gram-stain-positive, alkaliphilic, moderately halophilic, cocci-shaped actinobacterium (strain M8T) was isolated from a sample of soda lake sediment (Lake Magadi, Tanzania). The isolate was heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and formed orange-pigmented colonies in solid media. It utilized various sugars and organic acids as sole carbon sources. The organism grew at 10–38 °C, at pH 7.5–12.0 and in the presence of 1–12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 30 °C, at pH 10 and in the presence of 5 % (w/v) NaCl. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain M8T belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia , sharing the closest similarities to Nesterenkoniahalobia DSM 20541T, Nesterenkoniahalophila YIM 70179T and Nesterenkoniaaethiopica DSM 17733T (97.5, 97.5 and 97.1 %, respectively). The characteristic diamino acid of strain M8T was found to be lysine and the polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 61.8 mol% (genome). The strain contained MK-7, MK-9 and MK-10 as the respiratory quinones, and the major fatty acids (>10 %) comprised anteiso-C_17 : 0 and anteiso-C_15 : 0. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic data, strain M8T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Nesterenkonia natronophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M8T (=JCM 32100T=CGMCC 1.16706T=MCC 3367T).

A novel Gram-strain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated GP-T3-3T, was isolated from sediment sampled at a tidal flat in Gopado, Republic of Korea. Cells were aerobic, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, non-motile cocci that occurred singly, in pairs or in clusters. Strain GP-T3-3T grew at 4–45 °C (optimum, 28–37 °C), at pH 4.0–12.0 (pH 8.0–9.0) and in the presence of 0–15 % (w/v) NaCl (3–5 %). Colonies of strain GP-T3-3T were deep-yellow, circular, smooth and pulvinate. The results of the phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GP-T3-3T was closely related to Serinicoccus profundi MCCC 1A05965T (99.1 %), Serinicoccus chungangensis CAU 9536T (99.0 %) and Serinicoccus marinus JC1078T (98.0 %). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-8(H₄) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C_17 : 0, iso-C_16 : 0, iso-C_15 : 0 and anteiso-C_15 : 0. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphadidylglycerol, phosphadidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 72.9 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain GP-T3-3T and type strains of the genus Serinicoccus ranged from 28.9 to 50.5 %. On the basis of the phenotypic differences and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Serinicoccus , for which the name Serinicoccus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GP-T3-3T (=KCTC 49173T=JCM 32825T=KCCM 43309T=KACC 19850T).

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterial strain, designated M5W7-7T, was isolated from a hot spring soil sample collected from Anshan, Liaoning province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain M5W7-7T clustered closely with species of the genus Kocuria , and showed the highest sequence similarity of 97.1 % to Kocuria subflava YIM 13062T. Strain M5W7-7T grew at 10–37 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH6.0–11.0 (pH 6.0–7.0) and in the presence of 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl (0 %). Substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia were not formed, and diffusible pigments were not observed on any media tested. Strain M5W7-7T contained MK-6(H₂) and MK-7(H₂) as the dominant menaquinones. The polar lipid profile of strain M5W7-7T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The predominant whole-cell sugars were galactose and glucose. The predominant fatty acid was anteiso-C_15 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain M5W7-7T was 67.0 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic relationships, phenotypic characterization and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain M5W7-7T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria , for which the name Kocuria soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M5W7-7T (=KCTC 49195T =CGMCC 1.13744T).

To complete the valid publication of the new species names resulting from reclassification of the genus Clavibacter , we here provide descriptions of Clavibacter insidiosus sp. nov. and Clavibacter tessellarius sp. nov.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile, white, opaque bacterial isolate, designated 924/12T, was isolated from the nose of a laboratory mouse in Düsseldorf, Germany. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated the phylogenetic position of the strain within the genus Leucobacter . Similarity levels over 97 % were recorded between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 924/12T and the type strains of the species Leucobacter chironomi DSM 19883T (99.5 %), followed by Leucobacter celer subsp. astrifaciens CBX151T (97.6 %), Leucobacter celer subsp. celer NAL101T (97.5 %), ‘ Leucobacter kyeonggiensis ’ F3-P9 (97.5 %), Leucobacter zeae CC-MF41T (97.3 %), Leucobacter chromiiresistens JG31T (97.1 %), Leucobacter triazinivorans JW-1T (97.1 %), Leucobacter corticis 2 C-7T (97.0 %) and Leucobacter aridicolis CIP108388T (97.0 %). DNA–DNA hybridization and whole genomic comparison, mandatory to taxonomically separate strain 924/12T from the type strain of L. chironomi , revealed similarity values of 40.4 and 30.8 %, respectively, thus below the threshold of 70 % recommended differentiating between species. The cell-wall amino acids of the novel isolate were diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine, threonine and glutamic acid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15 : 0, anteiso-C_17 : 0 and iso-C_16 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid and one unknown lipid, whereas the predominant menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-10. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 924/12T was 70.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the phenotypical differences between strain 924/12T and the other closely related type strains of the genus Leucobacter indicated that strain 924/12T represents a novel species within the genus Leucobacter , family Microbacteriaceae , for which the name Leucobacter muris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 924/12T (=DSM 101948T=CCM 8761T).

A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium, designated strain 2DFWR-13T, was isolated from gut of the larva of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, in the Republic of Korea. Strain 2DFWR-13T showed high sequence similarities to Lysinimonas kribbensis MSL-13T (97.7 %), Homoserinibacter gongjuensis 5GH26-15T (97.2 %), Microbacterium deminutum KV-483T (97.1 %) and Herbiconiux ginsengi CGMCC 4.3491T (97.1 %). The predominant fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were anteiso-C_15 : 0, iso-C_16 : 0 and anteiso-C_17 : 0. The major menaquinones were MK-13 and MK-12. The peptidoglycan type was type B2 with the diagnostic amino acid d-DAB. The N-acyl type of the murein was glycolyl. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was 71.5 mol%. Based on its phylogenetic distinctiveness and distinguishing phenotypic characteristics, we conclude that strain 2DFWR-13T represents a novel genus and species of the family Microbacteriaceae , for which the name Protaetiibacter intestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Protaetiibacter intestinalis is 2DFWR-13T (=KACC 19321T=NBRC 113050T). In addition, an emended description of the genus Lysinimonas Jang et al. 2013 and the reclassification of Lysinimonas kribbensis Jang et al. 2013 as Pseudolysinimonas kribbensis gen. nov., comb. nov. are proposed.

Two mesophilic, neutrophilic and aerobic marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea, designated strains NF5T and D3CT, were isolated from coastal surface water of the Northern Adriatic Sea. Cells were straight small rods 0.20–0.25 µm wide and 0.49–2.00 µm long. Strain NF5T possessed archaella as cell appendages. Glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers with zero to four cyclopentane moieties (GDGT-0 to GDGT-4) and crenarchaeol were the major core lipids. Menaquinone MK_6 : 0 was the major respiratory quinone. Both isolates gained energy by oxidizing ammonia (NH₃) to nitrite (NO₂ -) and used bicarbonate as a carbon source. Strain D3CT was able use urea as a source of ammonia for energy production and growth. Addition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavengers (catalase or α-keto acids) was required to sustain growth. Optimal growth occurred between 30 and 32 °C, pH 7.1 and 7.3 and between 34 and 37‰ salinity. The cellular metal abundance ranking of both strains was Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Co. The genomes of strains NF5T and D3CT have a DNA G+C content of 33.4 and 33.8 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both strains are affiliated with the class Nitrososphaeria , sharing ~85 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76T. The two isolates are separated by phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and are assigned to distinct species within the genus Nitrosopumilus gen. nov. according to average nucleotide identity thresholds of their closed genomes. Isolates NF5T (=JCM 32270T =NCIMB 15114T) and D3CT (=JCM 32271T =DSM 106147T =NCIMB 15115T) are type strains of the species Nitrosopumilus adriaticus sp. nov. and Nitrosopumilus piranensis sp. nov., respectively.

One Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, 2c-3T, was isolated from symptomatic canker bark tissue of Populus × euramericana. It was studied by the genome sequence-derived average nucleotide identity (ANI), phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and phenotypic characteristics. 16S rRNA gene data revealed that the novel isolate shares the greatest sequence similarity to Sphingobacterium populi 7Y-4T (97.0 %). The ANI values between the novel isolate and S. populi 7Y-4T was 81.19 %, lower than the proposed species boundary ANI cut-off (95–96 %). The major fatty acids are iso-C_15 : 0, C_16 : 1ω7c and iso-C_17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipids of the novel isolate included phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, aminophospholipid and unknown lipids (L1–10). The menaquinone of the novel isolate was MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 41.96 mol %. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, the isolate represents a novel species within the genus Sphingobacterium , for which the name Sphingobacterium corticibacter is proposed. The type strain is 2c-3T (=CFCC 11898T=KCTC 52798T).

A novel bacterial strain, JDX94T, was isolated from tundra soil sampled north of the Yellow River station, Arctic. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped and aerobic. The strain displayed growth at 4–37 °C with an optimum at 28 °C, with 0–1.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%) and at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–7.5). Cells contained summed feature 3 (comprising C_16 : 1 ω7c and/or C_16 : 1 ω6c), iso-C_15 : 0 and iso-C_17 : 0 3-OH as its major cellular fatty acids and menaquinone-7 as the only respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile of strain JDX94T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and four unknown polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 37.5 mol%. On the basis 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, strain JDX94T showed the highest sequence similarity (96.7 %) to Pedobacteragri JCM 15120T, followed by Pedobacteralluvionis DSM 19624T (96.3 %). Furthermore, the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain JDX94T and related species of the genus Pedobacter were 74.6–79.2 % and 18.9–24.5 %, respectively. Based on the presented results, we propose a novel species for which the name Pedobacter chinensis sp. nov. is suggested, with the type strain JDX94T (=MCCC 1H00335T= KCTC 62850T).

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, red-coloured, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, non-motile and non-gliding bacterium, designated strain Z0201T, was isolated from lake water in Yunnan, China (26° 16′ N, 99° 94′ E). Cells of strain Z0201T were 0.2–0.4 µm wide and 1.4–2.5 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain Z0201T was found to grow at 4–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 6.5–8.5 (pH 7.5) in the presence of 0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (0–0.5 %). The sole respiratory quinone of strain Z0201T was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. The major fatty acid was iso-C_15 : 0 (49.4 %). The polar lipid profile of strain Z0201T consisted of aminophospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain Z0201T was a member of the genus Aquiflexum , appearing to be closely related to Aquiflexum balticum (95.4 %). On the basis of phenotypic distinctiveness and phylogenetic divergence, strain Z0201T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aquiflexum , for which the name Aquiflexum aquatile sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Z0201T (=KCTC 62450T=MCCC 1H00328T).

Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, oxidase- and catalase positive, rod-shaped, pink-coloured bacterial strains, DMA-K-7aT, DMA-K-1 and DMG-N-1, were isolated from water sampled at Lake Fertő/Neusiedler See (Hungary). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains form a distinct linage within the family Cytophagaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes , and their closest relatives are Rhabdobacter roseus R49T (95.66 %) and Dyadobacter sediminis Z12T (95.38 %). The assembled genome of strain DMA-K-7aT had a total length of 5.8 Mb and a DNA G+C content of 45.7 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were C_16 : 1 ω7c, iso-C_15 : 0, C_16 : 1 ω5c, C_16 : 0 and iso-C_17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, an unknown aminolipid, an unknown glycolipid and five unknown lipids. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Strain DMA-K-7aT (=DSM 106737T=NCAIM B.02641T) is proposed as the type strain of a new genus and species in the family Cytophagaceae , for which the name Arundinibacter roseus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain X7XT, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Nicotiana tabacum L. collected from a tobacco factory located in Kunming, south-western China. The cells showed oxidase-positive and catalase-positive reactions. Growth occurred at 20–40 °C and pH 6.0–8.0, with optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C_15 : 0, iso-C_17 : 0 3OH and summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1 ω7c and/or C_16 : 1 ω6c). The cellular polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified glycolipids, four unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 49.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain X7XT should be affiliated to the genus Flavisolibacter . Results from further analysis showed that strain X7XT had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Flavisolibacter metallilatus TX0661T (96.4 %) and ‘ Flavisolibacter swuensis ’ SR2-4-2T (96.4 %), followed by other species of the genus Flavisolibacter . The polyphasic taxonomic characteristics indicated that strain X7XT represents a novel species of the genus Flavisolibacter , for which the name Flavisolibacter nicotianae sp. nov. (type strain X7XT=KCTC 62326T=CGMCC 16451T) is proposed.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-flagellated, non-gliding, yellow-pigmented, and rod-shaped bacterium with appendages, designated strain SM1704T, was isolated from surface seawater collected from the South China Sea. The strain grew at 15–42 °C and with 1–10 % NaCl. It hydrolysed aesculin, but did not hydrolyse gelatin and Tween 80 nor reduce nitrate to nitrite. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SM1704T was affiliated with the genus Muricauda , sharing 94.1–95.9 % sequence similarities with type strains of recognized Muricauda species. The major fatty acids were iso-C_15 : 0, iso-C_15 : 1 G and iso-C_17 : 0 3-OH and the main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified lipids and three unidentified aminolipids. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SM1704T was 40.7 mol%. On the basis of results from polyphasic analysis of strain SM1704T, it is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Muricauda , for which the name Muricauda nanhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SM1704T (=KCTC 62797T=MCCC 1K03557T).

Strain M8-2T, which was isolated from brackish lake water (Lake Sanaru) in Japan, was characterized for representation of a novel species in the genus Algoriphagus . Cells of strain M8-2T were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative and curved-rod-shaped (0.2–0.5 µm wide and 0.7–1.9 µm long). Strain M8-2T grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 6.5–7.5 and in the presence of 0.5–1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. MK-7 was the sole isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified polar lipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_15 : 0 and anteiso-C_15 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain M8-2T belonged to the genus Algoriphagus and was closely related to Algoriphagus aquatilis A8-7T, Algoriphagus boseongensis BS-R1T, Algoriphagus aquaeductus T4T, Algoriphagus olei CC-Hsuan-617T, Algoriphagus shivajiensis NIO-S3T and Algoriphagus mannitolivorans DSM 15301T with sequence similarities of 96.6–97.4 %. Results of average nucleotide identity (<75 %) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (<19 %) studies showed that M8-2T was distinct from its phylogenetic relatives. Based on the results of tests for acid production, the predominant cellular fatty acid composition, the DNA G+C content and phylogenetic position, a novel species in the genus Algoriphagus , with the name Algoriphagus sanaruensis sp. nov., is proposed for strain M8-2T (=JCM 31446T=LMG 29969T).