- Volume 69, Issue 7, 2019

An aerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, red-to-pinkish and rod-shaped bacterium, designated 9PBR-2T, was isolated from an abandoned lead–zinc ore sample collected from Meizhou, Guangdong Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 9PBR-2T belongs to the genus Hymenobacte r and was most closely related to Hymenobacter rigui KCTC 12533T (98.0 %), Hymenobacter swuensis KCTC 32018T (97.8 %) and Hymenobacter perfusus LMG 26000T (97.6 %). The calculated average nucleotide identity values based on whole genome sequences between strain 9PBR-2T and closely related type strains ranged from 81.3 to 84.1 %. Correspondingly, the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values ranged from 25.5 to 28.1 %. The major fatty acids of strain 9PBR-2T were iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, C_16:1 ω5c, summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω6c and/or C_16:1 ω7c) and summed feature 4 (iso-C_17:1 I and/or anteiso-C_17:1 B). It contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the major isoprenoid quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content based on whole genome sequence was 59.8 mol%. Characterization based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses clearly indicated that strain 9PBR-2T represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter , for which the name Hymenobacter metallilatus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 9PBR-2T (=GDMCC 1.1492T=JCM 32699T).

A Gram-stain-negative oval-rod-shaped, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain MCWD5T, was isolated from sediment of a salt pond in the Republic of Korea (35° 7′ 18″ N 126° 19′ 4″ E). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MCWD5T had low similarity values to members in the family Lachnospiraceae , such as Robinsoniella peoriensis PPC31T (94.8 %), Ruminococcus gauvreauii CCRI-16110T (94.2 %) and Lachnotalea glycerini DLD10T (94.0 %), and its phylogenetic position is unstable. The strain could grow at 20–42 °C (optimum, 38–42 °C), pH 5.5–10.0 (pH 7.0) and with 0–6 % (2.0 %) NaCl. Strain MCWD5T could not use nitrate, nitrite, sulfate or sulfite as electron acceptors. The strain could utilize various carbohydrates, such as arabinose, cellobiose, glucose, etc., and polymers such as pectin and starch. The major fatty acids of strain MCWD5T were C_14 : 0, C_16 : 0, C_16 : 1 ω7c, C_18 : 1 ω7c DMA and summed feature 8 (C_17 : 1 ω8c and/or C_17 : 2), which was clearly different from those of related genera. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidyglycerol, phosphatidyglycerol and an unknown phospholipid. Based on the results of phylogenetic, physiologic and chemotaxonomic studies, Anaerosacchariphilus polymeriproducens gen. nov., sp. nov. with the type strain MCWD5T (=KCTC 15595T=DSM 105757T) is proposed in the family Lachnospiraceae .

Two strictly anaerobic strains (MB11T and MB56) were isolated from common marmoset (Callithrixjacchus) faeces. Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-negative, pleomorphic short (strain MB11T) or long (strain MB56) rods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both isolates were related to the genus Phascolarctobacterium . They had 16S rRNA gene sequences similarities lower than 93 % to previously described species, Phascolarctobacterium faecium ACM 3679T and Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens YIT 12067T, and 98.7 % between themselves. DNA–DNA hybridization values showed that strains MB11T and MB56 were the same species. The genomic DNA G+C content of strains MB11T and MB56 were 47.3–47.4 mol% and 47.7–48.0 mol%. The isolates had different enzymatic activities compared with P. succinatutens JCM 16074T and different major cellular fatty acids compared with P. faecium ACM 3679T. Substrate availability revealed that they utilized not only succinate, but also pyruvate. With pyruvate supplementation, they produced both propionate and acetate, while only propionate production occured with succinate. As suggested by the phylogenic and physiological properties of strains MB11T and MB56, we propose the name Phascolarctobacterium wakonense sp. nov. with the type strain MB11T (=JCM 32899T=DSM 107697T).

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain M2MS4P-1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of Sonneratiaapetala sampled in Guangxi, China. The bacterium was characterized by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain M2MS4P-1T belonged to the genus Cohnella and was most closely to Cohnella luojiensis HY-22RT (98.4 % similarity). The average nucleotide identity value and estimated DDH value between strain M2MS4P-1T and the type strain of C. luojiensis HY-22RT were 79.2 and 20.1 %, respectively. Neither substrate nor aerial mycelia were formed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. Strain M2MS4P-1T grew in the pH range 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0), at temperatures between 10–37 °C (30 °C) and in 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl (0 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone in strain M2MS4P-1T was menaquinone-7. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15 : 0 and iso-C_16 : 0. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified aminophospholipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 51.5 mol%. According to the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain M2MS4P-1T was clearly distinguishable from other species with validly published names in the genus Cohnella and should therefore be classified as a novel species, for which we suggest the name Cohnella endophytica sp. nov. The type strain is M2MS4P-1T (=KCTC 43011T=CGMCC 1.13745T).

The family Thermoactinomycetaceae comprises 43 validly published species, which were identified by a polyphasic taxonomic study based on molecular phylogenetics, physiological and biochemical characteristics. However, phylogenetic analysis merely based on 16S rRNA gene sequences cannot infer a robust and reliable phylogeny. For disentangling the phylogenetic relationships among members of this family, we used a large collection of genome data and the approach of phylogenomics, to re-examine their taxonomy. The topologies of phylogenomic trees are different from those of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. In addition, based on the average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization, phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, we found that Laceyella sediminis should be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of Laceyella tengchongensis ; and reclassified Thermoactinomyces guangxiensis as Paenactinomyces guangxiensis gen. nov., comb. nov.; and establish Novibacillaceae fam. nov. to accommodate the genus Novibacillus as the type genus. In addition, compared to values calculated directly from genome sequences, the genomic DNA G+C contents mentioned in some species descriptions are too imprecise; and the corrected G+C content values have a significantly better fit to the phylogeny. Thus, the corresponding emendations of species descriptions are also proposed. In this paper, phylogenomics has been used to resolve the classification of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae .

Two long-rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, obligately anaerobic and non-spore-forming strains, SNUG30099T and SNUG30370T, were isolated from faecal samples of healthy Korean subjects. The strains formed circular ivory-coloured colonies on Brain-heart infusion medium supplemented with 0.5% Difco yeast extract (YBHI) agar and cells were approximately 3.5–4.5×0.3–0.4 µm in size. Taxonomic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences distinguished the strains from other species within the family Erysipelotrichaceae . The closest relative of strains SNUG30099T and SNUG30370T was Longibaculum muris (92.9 % and 93.6 % similarity, respectively), followed by Clostridium saccharogumia (92.3 % and 92.2 %). Phylogenetic inference also divided the strains into a unique branch that differed from other related strains that belong to the family Erysipelotrichaceae . DNA G+C contents based on the whole genome sequences of strains SNUG30099T and SNUG30370T were 29.2 and 30.2 mol%, respectively. Both novel strains possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the peptidoglycan, and phosphatidylethanolamine was observed as one of the major polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acid composition was different from those of other related taxa. In addition, the profile of biochemical activities advocated that the strains have distinct characteristics in comparison to other strains. Taken together, a novel genus, named Faecalibacillus gen. nov., is proposed, which includes the type species Faecalibacillus intestinalis sp. nov. for strain SNUG30099T and Faecalibacillus faecis sp. nov. for strain SNUG30370T. The type strains of these novel species are SNUG30099T (=KCTC 15631T=JCM 32256T) and SNUG30370T (=KCTC 15632T=JCM 32257T).

A Gram-stain-positive bacterial strain, ZW163T, isolated from suancai, a traditional pickle of Heilongjiang province in China, was characterized by a polyphasic approach, including phenotypic characterization, sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and two housekeeping genes (pheS and rpoA), whole genome sequencing and cellular fatty acid composition. Strain ZW163T was phylogenetically related to Lactobacillus sharpeae , Lactobacillus songhuajiangensis , Lactobacillus pantheris and Lactobacillus thailandensis , having 93.8–98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, 76.5–87.1 % pheS gene sequence similarities and 74.3–95.7 % rpoA gene sequence similarities to the type strains of L. sharpeae , L. songhuajiangensis , L. pantheris and L. thailandensis , respectively. Average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain ZW163T and the type strains of L. sharpeae , L. songhuajiangensis , L. pantheris and L. thailandensis were less than 77.7 % and 23.6 % respectively. Based upon the data obtained in the present study, a novel species, Lactobacillus hulanensis sp. nov., is proposed and the type strain is ZW163T (=NCIMB 15193T=CCM 8926T=CCTCC AB 2019015T).

Three mesophilic, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strains, designated Uno3T, Uno11T and Uno16T, were isolated from a soil-like granular micro-organism mass (termed Tengu-no-mugimeshi) collected from Tsumagoi, Gunma, Japan. They grow at 11–37 °C and pH 4.0–8.0, form branched mycelia, and have a G+C content between 49.4–50.3 mol%. The major menaquinone and fatty acid of Uno3T are MK-9 and iso-C_16 : 0, respectively, whereas Uno11T and Uno16T share MK-9 (H₂) and C_16 : 1-2OH. The major cell-wall sugars are mannose (Uno3T and Uno11T) and glucose (Uno16T). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these three strains belong to the order Ktedonobacterales and are most closely related to Dictyobacter aurantiacus S-27T (sequence similarity of 91.3, 96.4 and 95.5 %). Average nucleotide identity values were <79.9 % among Uno11T, Uno16T and D. aurantiacus S-27T, well below the 95–96 % species circumscription threshold. Based on phenotypic features and phylogenetic positions, we propose that Uno3T represents a novel genus and species, Tengunoibacter tsumagoiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain Uno3T=NBRC 113152T=LMG 30471T=BCRC 81113T) within the new family Dictyobacteraceae fam. nov. Strains Uno11T and Uno16T are also considered to represent novel species: Dictyobacter kobayashii sp. nov. (type strain Uno11T=NBRC 113153T=LMG 30472T=BCRC 81114T) and Dictyobacter alpinus sp. nov. (type strain Uno16T=NBRC 113154T=BCRC 81115T). We also propose an emended description of the genus Dictyobacter , classifying it within family Dictyobacteraceae, and provide emended descriptions of the genera Dictyobacter and Ktedonobacter .

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, polar-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as SC2-7T, was isolated from the dust collector at a pig farm located in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea. Growth occurred at 10–37 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %) on Reasoner’s 2A medium. The phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SC2-7T was a member of the family Comamonadaceae , forming a robust cluster with the genera Alicycliphilus , Oryzisolibacter and Melaminivora . The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain SC2-7T showed the highest sequence similarities to Alicycliphilus denitrificans K601T (97.2 %), Oryzisolibacter propanilivorax EPL6T (97.0 %), Melaminivora alkalimesophila CY1T (96.9 %), Diaphorobacter polyhydroxybutyrativorans SL-205T (96.6 %), Diaphorobacter nitroreducens NA10BT (96.6 %) and Melaminivora jejuensis KBB12T (96.5 %). The tree based on the gyrA gene sequences also showed that strain SC2-7T fell into a phylogenetic position similar to that based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The polar lipids present were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The predominant quinone was ubiquione-8. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (including C_16 : 1ω6c and/or C_16 : 1ω7c), C_16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (including C_18 : 1ω6c and/or C_18 : 1 ω7c). The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.1 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data presented here, strain SC2-7T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Pulveribacter suum gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Pulveribacter suum is SC2-7T (=KACC 19309T=NBRC 113102T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain C8-1T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L. collected from Kunming, south-west China. The cells showed oxidase-positive and catalase-positive reactions. Growth was observed at 10–40 °C, at pH 6.0–8.0 and in the presence of up to 1 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C_15 : 0, iso-C_17 : 0 and iso-C_17 : 1ω9c. The cellular polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, five unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain C8-1T should be assigned to the genus Lysobacter . 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain C8-1T was closely related to Lysobacter cavernae YIM C01544T (98.6 %), Lysobacter soli DCY21T (97.6 %), Lysobacter panacisoli CJ29T (97.3 %), Lysobacter firmicutimachus PB-6250T (97.3 %), Lysobacter niastensis GH41-7T (97.3 %) and Lysobacter gummosus KCTC 12132T (97.1 %). DNA–DNA hybridization data indicated that the isolate may represent a novel genomic species belonging to the genus Lysobacter . Polyphasic taxonomic characteristics indicated that strain C8-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lysobacter , for which the name Lysobacter tabacisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C8-1T (=KCTC 62034T=CGMCC 1.16271T) .

The nomenclatural type of Methylothermus thermalis Tsubota et al. 2005 is based on MYHT=IPOD FERM P-19714=VKM B-2345. IPOD FERM P-19714 is a collection accession number issued solely for patent purposes and under Rule 30(4) cannot serve as the nomenclatural type of the species. Since the deposit of the type strain in at least two publicly accessible culture collections in different countries from which subcultures must be available after 1 January 2001 is a prerequisite of the valid publication of a name at the rank of species, the name Methylothermus thermalis Tsubota et al. 2005 is not validly published. If the name Methylothermus thermalis Tsubota et al. 2005 is not validly published it has no status under the Code and cannot serve as the nomenclatural type of the genus Methylothermus Tsubota et al. 2005. Since it is a prerequisite of valid publication of a name that a nomenclatural type must be designated, the name Methylothermus Tsubota et al. 2005 is not validly published. If the name Methylothermus Tsubota et al. 2005 is not validly published, then the name at the rank of family Methylothermaceae Hirayama et al. 2014 is not based on a validly published name and it also has no type. Consequently, the name Methylothermaceae Hirayama et al. 2014 is not validly published

Strain LBB-42T was isolated from sediment sampled at Lake Beloe Bordukovskoe, located in the Moscow region (Russia). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing results assigned the strain to the genus Magnetospirillum . Major fatty acids were C_16 : 1ω7c, C_16 : 0 and C_18 : 1 ω9/C_18 : 1 ω7. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4.40 Mbp and a G+C content of 63.4 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values suggested that strain LBB-42T represents a new species, for which we propose the name Magnetospirillum kuznetsovii sp. nov., with the type strain LBB-42T (=VKM B-3270T=KCTC 15749T).

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, motile, slightly bent rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain E4404T, was isolated from coastal sediment sampled Weihai, China. According to phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain E4404T shared the highest similarity with the type strain of Vibrio variabilis (97.0 %), followed by the type strains of Vibrio maritimus (96.1 %) and Vibrio europaeus (96.0 %). Multilocus sequence analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and eight housekeeping genes (ftsZ, gapA, gyrB, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA and topA) showed that strain E4404T formed a unique clade in the genus Vibrio . The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain E4404T and some other species in the genus Vibrio were 71.0–72.7 % and 20.4–22.4 %, respectively. Cells grew at 15–37 °C and pH 6.0–8.5 in the presence of 1.0–6.0 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 33 °C and pH 7.0–7.5 in the presence of 3.0–3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. No growth was observed on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose medium. The major fatty acids of strain E4404T were summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C_15 : 0 2-OH), C_16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C_18 : 1ω6c and/or C_18 : 1ω7c). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain E4404T was 46.1 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain E4404T represented a novel species of the genus Vibrio , for which the name Vibrio albus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E4404T (=MCCC 1H00197T=KCTC 52890T).

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated CM5-1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the East Pacific Ocean. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain CM5-1T belongs to the genus Devosia , with closely related type strains Devosia submarina KMM 9415T (98.6 %), Devosia psychrophila Cr7-05T (98.6 %) and Devosia psychrophila E84T (98.2 %). Up-to-date bacterial core gene set analysis revealed that strain CM5-1T represents one independent lineage with D. submarina KMM 9415T. The average nucleotide identity values of CM5-1T with D. submarina KMM 9415T and D. psychrophila Cr7-05T are 80.1 and 77.9 %, respectively. In silico DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain CM5-1T and D. submarina KMM 9415T and D. psychrophila Cr7-05T are 23.8 and 21.9 %, respectively. Strain CM5-1T contains diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycolipid as major polar lipids. The sole isoprenoid quinone is ubiquinone-10, and C_18 : 1ω7c and 11-methyl C_18 : 1ω7c are the dominant cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 61.4 mol%. Differential phylogenetic distinctiveness and chemotaxonomic differences, together with the phenotypic properties observed in this study, revealed that strain CM5-1T could be differentiated from closely related species. Therefore, we propose strain CM5-1T as a novel species of the genus Devosia , for which the name Devosia naphthalenivorans sp. nov. is suggested. The type strain is CM5-1T (=JCM32509T=CGMCC 1.13553T).

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated StC1T, was isolated from a marine alga, Stylonema cornu-cervi, in the Republic of Korea. Cells were oxidase- and catalase-positive rods that were motile by a single lateral flagellum. Growth of strain StC1T was observed at 30–45 °C(optimum, 37 °C), pH 6.0–11.0 (pH 7.0) and in the presence of 1.0–8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (2 %). Strain StC1T contained summed feature 8 (comprising C_18 : 1ω7c/C_18 : 1  ω6c) and 11-methyl-C_18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acids. Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol and ubiquinone-10 were identified as the major polar lipids and the sole isoprenoid quinone, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.7 mol%. Strain StC1T was most closely related to Oricola cellulosilytica CC-AMH-OT, Nitratireductor basaltis J3T, Aquamicrobium ahrensii 905/1T and Mesorhizobium tamadayense Ala-3T with 97.3 , 96.9 , 96.8  and 96.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively, but it formed a distinct phylogenic lineage within the family Phyllobacteriaceae . On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain StC1T represents a novel genus of the family Phyllobacteriaceae , for which the name Oceaniradius stylonematis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is StC1T (=KACC 19231T=JCM 32050T).

A marine proteobacterium, designated strain GH1-16T, was isolated from a sample of tidal mudflat collected at the seashore of Gangwha Island, Republic of Korea and the taxonomic status was examined by a polyphasic approach. The isolate was Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-motile, short-rod-shaped and produced yellow-coloured colonies. An absolute requirement for Na+ was observed. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and sphingoglycolipid. The dominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C_18 : 1ω7c and/or C_18 : 1ω6c) and C_17 : 1ω6c. The DNA G+C content was 60.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GH1-16T was closely related to members of the genus Altererythrobacter . The closest relative was Altererythrobacter marensis MSW-14T (97.3 % sequence similarity) followed by Altererythrobacter aquaemixtae JSSK-8T (96.8 %) and Altererythrobacter epoxidivorans JCS350T (96.7 %). The DNA relatedness of strain GH1-16T against its closest relative was 21.8–25.0 %. On the basis of data obtained by a polyphasic taxonomic approach, strain GH1-16T (=KCTC 52845T=NBRC 113275T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Altererythrobacter , for which the name Altererythrobacter lutipelagi sp. nov. is proposed.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain L461T, was isolated from leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum growing at the South China Agricultural University. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated it as a member of the genus Azotobacter closely related to Azotobacter beijerinckii JCM 20725T (97.82 % similarity) and Azotobacter chroococcum ATCC 9043T (97.34 %). Its major fatty acid components were C_16 : 1 ω9c and C_16 : 0. Its predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-9. Its major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid, phospholipid and one unknown lipid. Its DNA G+C content was 64.9 mol% (Tm). DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain L461T and the reference strains of A. beijerinckii and A. chroococcum were 46.43 and 28.23 %, respectively. Biological and biochemical tests, protein patterns, genomic DNA fingerprinting, and comparison of cellular fatty acids distinguished strain L461T from the closely related Azotobacter species. Based on these data, the novel species Azotobacter bryophylli sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain L461T (=KCTC 62195T=GDMCC 1.1250T).

A novel marine bacterium, designated strain GH1-24T, was isolated from a tidal mudflat sample collected at Gangwha Island, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison exhibited that the novel isolate was most closely related to Sneathiella and formed a tight cluster with Sneathiella glossodoripedis JCM 23214T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to other Sneathiella species were low: Sneathiella chinensis LMG 23452T (96.1 %) and Sneathiellachungangensis CAU 1294T (95.8 %). Cells of the organism were Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile rods and showed growth at 0.5–6 % NaCl, 20–42 °C and pH 6.0–8.0. The G+C content of the DNA was 54.9 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The major cellular fatty acids were C_18 : 1 ω7c, C_16 : 0 and C_19 : 0cyclo ω8c. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The results of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses and DNA–DNA relatedness studies suggest that the isolate can be a member of a novel species of the genus Sneathiella , for which the name Sneathiella limimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GH1-24T (=KCTC 52846T=NBRC 113276T)

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain HN-Y73T, which was isolated from sponge collected from Yangpu Bay, Hainan, PR China. Strain HN-Y73T was Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, ovoid- to rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented and could grow at 10–42 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 5.0–9.0 (pH 8.0) and in 0.5–16 % (w/v) NaCl (3–4 %). This isolate was positive for oxidase, catalase and the hydrolysis of aesculin and xylan, but negative for the hydrolysis of casein and gelatin. Strain HN-Y73T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Altererythrobacter endophyticus BR75T (96.9 %), followed by Altererythrobacter estronivorus MH-B5T (96.0 %), Altererythrobacter indicus MSSRF26T (95.9 %) and Altererythrobacter mangrovi C9-11T (95.7 %). The phylogenetic tree showed that strain HN-Y73T forms a clade with A. endophyticus BR75T, A. indicus MSSRF26T and A. estronivorus MH-B5T within the genus Altererythrobacter . The dominant fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C_18 : 1ω7c/ω6c) and C_19 : 0cyclo ω8c. The major polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified lipids. The respiratory lipoquinone was identified as Q-10. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 57.6 mol%. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain HN-Y73T represents a novel species of the genus Altererythrobacter , for which the name Altererythrobacter spongiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HN-Y73T (=MCCC 1K03324T=LMG 30461T).