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Volume 57,
Issue 12,
2007
Volume 57, Issue 12, 2007
- New Taxa
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- Other Bacteria
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Jonquetella anthropi gen. nov., sp. nov., the first member of the candidate phylum ‘Synergistetes’ isolated from man
Six clinical isolates of a hitherto unknown, strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative rod showing fastidious growth were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study, including phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic feature analyses. 16S rRNA gene sequenced-based phylogeny revealed that the novel strains represent a homogeneous group distant from any recognized species in the candidate phylum ‘Synergistetes’. The novel isolates were most closely related to species of the genus Dethiosulfovibrio, with 88.2–88.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Large-scale chromosome structure and DNA G+C content also differentiated the novel strains from members of the genus Dethiosulfovibrio. The novel strains were asaccharolytic. Major metabolic end products in trypticase/glucose/yeast extract broth were acetic, lactic, succinic and isovaleric acids and the major cellular fatty acids iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. Based on the data presented here, a new genus, Jonquetella gen. nov., is proposed with one novel species, Jonquetella anthropi sp. nov. J. anthropi is the first characterized species of the candidate phylum ‘Synergistetes’ that includes human isolates. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain of J. anthropi ADV 126T (=AIP 136.05T=CIP 109408T=CCUG 53819T) is 59.4 mol%.
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Pelagicoccus croceus sp. nov., a novel marine member of the family Puniceicoccaceae within the phylum ‘Verrucomicrobia’ isolated from seagrass
More LessAn obligately aerobic, spherical, non-motile, pale-yellow pigmented bacterium was isolated from a piece of leaf of seagrass, Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle, grown in Okinawa, Japan and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate N5FB36-5T shared approximately 96–98 % sequence similarity with the species of the genus Pelagicoccus of the family Puniceicoccaceae within the phylum ‘Verrucomicrobia’. The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain N5FB36-5T with Pelagicoccus mobilis 02PA-Ca-133T and Pelagicoccus albus YM14-201T were below 70 %, which is accepted as the phylogenetic definition of a novel species. β-Lactam antibiotic susceptibility test and amino acid analysis of the cell wall hydrolysates indicated the absence of muramic acid and diaminopimelic acid in the cell walls, which suggested that this strain lacks an ordinary Gram-negative type of peptidoglycan in the cell wall. The DNA G+C content of strain N5FB36-5T was 51.6 mol%; MK-7 was the major menaquinone; and the presence of C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7c and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids supported the identification of the novel isolate as a member of the genus Pelagicoccus. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data, it was concluded that this strain should be classified as a novel species of the genus Pelagicoccus, for which the name Pelagicoccus croceus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N5FB36-5T (=MBIC08282T=KCTC 12903T).
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- Proteobacteria
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Methylohalomonas lacus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Methylonatrum kenyense gen. nov., sp. nov., methylotrophic gammaproteobacteria from hypersaline lakes
Aerobic enrichment at 4 M NaCl, pH 7.5, with methanol as carbon and energy source from sediments of hypersaline chloride–sulfate lakes in Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) resulted in the isolation of a moderately halophilic and obligately methylotrophic bacterium, strain HMT 1T. The bacterium grew with methanol and methylamine within a pH range of 6.8–8.2 with an optimum at pH 7.5 and at NaCl concentrations of 0.5–4 M with an optimum at 2 M. In addition to methanol and methylamine, it can oxidize ethanol, formate, formaldehyde and dimethylamine. Carbon is assimilated via the serine pathway. The main compatible solute is glycine betaine. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the isolate as a new lineage in the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae (Gammaproteobacteria). It is proposed, therefore, to accommodate this bacterium within a novel genus and species, Methylohalomonas lacus gen. nov., sp. nov., with HMT 1T (=DSM 15733T =NCCB 100208T =UNIQEM U237T) as the type strain. Two strains were obtained in pure culture from sediments of soda lake Magadi in Kenya and the Kulunda Steppe (Russia) on a mineral medium at pH 10 containing 0.6 M total Na+ using methanol as a substrate. Strain AMT 1T was enriched with methanol, while strain AMT 3 originated from an enrichment culture with CO. The isolates are restricted facultative methylotrophs, capable of growth with methanol, formate and acetate as carbon and energy sources. With methanol, the strains grew within a broad salinity range from 0.3 to 3.5–4 M total Na+, with an optimum at 0.5–1 M. The pH range for growth was between 8.3 and 10.5, with an optimum at pH 9.5, which characterized the soda lake isolates as obligate haloalkaliphiles. Carbon is assimilated autotrophically via the Calvin–Benson cycle. Sequence analysis of the gene coding for the key enzyme RuBisCO demonstrated that strain AMT 1T possessed a single cbbL gene of the ‘green’ form I, clustering with members of the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strains AMT 1T and AMT 3 belong to a single species that forms a separate lineage within the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae. On the basis of phenotypic and genetic data, the novel haloalkaliphilic methylotrophs are described as representing a novel genus and species, Methylonatrum kenyense gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain AMT 1T =DSM 15732T =NCCB 100209T =UNIQEM U238T).
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Arenimonas malthae sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated site
A Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium (CC-JY-1T) was isolated on nutrient agar from a soil sample collected from an oil-contaminated site located in Chyai county, Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate is unique, showing 96.7 % sequence similarity to the type strain of Arenimonas donghaensis and similarities of 93.0–93.8 % to species of the genera Thermomonas, Lysobacter and Silanimonas. The presence of ubiquinone Q-8, a polar lipid profile consisting of the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and the fatty acid profile were in accordance with the phylogenetic affiliation of CC-JY-1T. DNA–DNA reassociation experiments between CC-JY-1T and A. donghaensis KACC 11381T resulted in a mean relatedness value of 32 %, indicating that strain CC-JY1T represents a novel species in the genus Arenimonas, for which we propose the name Arenimonas malthae sp. nov. The type strain is CC-JY-1T (=CCUG 53596T =CIP 109310T).
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Azospirillum zeae sp. nov., a diazotrophic bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of Zea mays
More LessTwo free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains, N6 and N7T, were isolated from corn rhizosphere. A polyphasic taxonomic approach, including morphological characterization, Biolog analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization, and 16S rRNA, cpn60 and nifH gene sequence analysis, was taken to analyse the two strains. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains N6 and N7T both belonged to the genus Azospirillum and were closely related to Azospirillum oryzae (98.7 and 98.8 % similarity, respectively) and Azospirillum lipoferum (97.5 and 97.6 % similarity, respectively). DNA–DNA hybridization of strains N6 and N7T showed reassociation values of 48 and 37 %, respectively, with A. oryzae and 43 % with A. lipoferum. Sequences of the nifH and cpn60 genes of both strains showed 99 and ~95 % similarity, respectively, with those of A. oryzae. Chemotaxonomic characteristics (Q-10 as quinone system, 18 : 1ω7c as major fatty acid) and G+C content of the DNA (67.6 mol%) were also similar to those of members of the genus Azospirillum. Gene sequences and Biolog and fatty acid analysis showed that strains N6 and N7T differed from the closely related species A. lipoferum and A. oryzae. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that these nitrogen-fixing strains represent a novel species. The name Azospirillum zeae sp. nov. is suggested, with N7T (=NCCB 100147T=LMG 23989T) as the type strain.
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Rhodanobacter ginsengisoli sp. nov. and Rhodanobacter terrae sp. nov., isolated from soil cultivated with Korean ginseng
Two bacterial isolates from ginseng fields in Korea, strains GR17-7T and GP18-1T, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a clear affiliation with the Gammaproteobacteria, and showed that the closest phylogenetic relationships were with members of the genus Rhodanobacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains GR17-7T and GP18-1T was 97.2 %. Both strains showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.2–96.9 % to type strains of recognized Rhodanobacter species. The G+C contents of the DNA of strains GR17-7T and GP18-1T were 61.0 and 62.5 mol%, respectively. According to the DNA–DNA hydridization tests, the hybridization value between strains GR17-7T and GP18-1T was 34 %. Strains GR17-7T and GP18-1T showed less than 32 % DNA–DNA relatedness with Rhodanobacter fulvus KCTC 12098T and Rhodanobacter spathiphylli LMG 23181T. Strains GR17-7T and GP18-1T were aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Major fatty acids of both strains were iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and iso-C16 : 0. Based on the data presented, two novel Rhodanobacter species are proposed, with the names Rhodanobacter ginsengisoli sp. nov. (type strain GR17-7T=KACC 11762T=DSM 18993T) and Rhodanobacter terrae sp. nov. (type strain GP18-1T=KACC 11761T=DSM 19241T).
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Reclassification of Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio logei, Vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio wodanis as Aliivibrio fischeri gen. nov., comb. nov., Aliivibrio logei comb. nov., Aliivibrio salmonicida comb. nov. and Aliivibrio wodanis comb. nov.
More LessFour closely related species, Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio logei, Vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio wodanis, form a clade within the family Vibrionaceae; the taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of this clade have remained ambiguous for many years. To resolve this ambiguity, we tested these species against other species of the Vibrionaceae for phylogenetic and phenotypic differences. Sequence identities for the 16S rRNA gene were ≥97.4 % among members of the V. fischeri group, but were ≤95.5 % for members of this group in comparison with type species of other genera of the Vibrionaceae (i.e. Photobacterium and Vibrio, with which they overlap in G+C content, and Enterovibrio, Grimontia and Salinivibrio, with which they do not overlap in G+C content). Combined analysis of the recA, rpoA, pyrH, gyrB and 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the species of the V. fischeri group form a tightly clustered clade, distinct from these other genera. Furthermore, phenotypic traits differentiated the V. fischeri group from other genera of the Vibrionaceae, and a panel of 13 biochemical tests discriminated members of the V. fischeri group from type strains of Photobacterium and Vibrio. These results indicate that the four species of the V. fischeri group represent a lineage within the Vibrionaceae that is distinct from other genera. We therefore propose their reclassification in a new genus, Aliivibrio gen. nov. Aliivibrio is composed of four species: Aliivibrio fischeri comb. nov. (the type species) (type strain ATCC 7744T =CAIM 329T =CCUG 13450T =CIP 103206T =DSM 507T =LMG 4414T =NCIMB 1281T), Aliivibrio logei comb. nov. (type strain ATCC 29985T =CCUG 20283T =CIP 104991T =NCIMB 2252T), Aliivibrio salmonicida comb. nov. (type strain ATCC 43839T =CIP 103166T =LMG 14010T =NCIMB 2262T) and Aliivibrio wodanis comb. nov. (type strain ATCC BAA-104T =NCIMB 13582T =LMG 24053T).
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Reclassification of Aquaspirillum itersonii and Aquaspirillum peregrinum as Novispirillum itersonii gen. nov., comb. nov. and Insolitispirillum peregrinum gen. nov., comb. nov.
More LessPhylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that Aquaspirillum itersonii and Aquaspirillum peregrinum form distinct phylogenetic lineages within the Alphaproteobacteria, whereas Aquaspirillum serpens, the type species of the genus Aquaspirillum, belongs to the Betaproteobacteria. A. itersonii and A. peregrinum exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 82.0–82.4 % to the type strain of A. serpens and of 91.8–92.0 % to each other. A. itersonii and A. peregrinum were clearly distinguishable from A. serpens by differences in ubiquinone types and fatty acid profiles. A. itersonii subsp. itersonii LMG 4337T and A. itersonii subsp. nipponicum LMG 7370T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, and A. peregrinum subsp. peregrinum LMG 4340T and A. peregrinum subsp. integrum LMG 5407T contained Q-9 as the predominant ubiquinone, whereas A. serpens LMG 3734T had Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone. A. itersonii and A. peregrinum were also distinguishable from A. serpens by some differences in the fatty acid composition, including major fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids. On the basis of these data, A. itersonii and A. peregrinum should be reclassified into two novel genera and species, for which the names Novispirillum itersonii gen. nov., comb. nov. and Insolitispirillum peregrinum gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively, are proposed.
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Methylobacterium platani sp. nov., isolated from a leaf of the tree Platanus orientalis
More LessA novel bacterial strain, designated PMB02T, was isolated from a leaf of the tree Platanus orientalis. Colonies grown on TYG agar plates were circular, pink-pigmented and slow-growing, being 0.2–1.5 mm in diameter after 3 days growth. The cells of strain PMB02T were Gram-negative, aerobic, motile rods that possessed oxidase and catalase activities and grew at 20–30 °C, pH 6–8 and in media containing less than 1 % NaCl. The major respiratory quinone was identified as Q-10. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain PMB02T was related to members of the genus Methylobacterium. A comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed the strain in a clade with the species Methylobacterium aquaticum and Methylobacterium variabile, with which it showed sequence similarities of 97.7 and 97.4 %, respectively. The values for DNA–DNA hybridization between strain PMB02T and M. aquaticum CCM 7218T and M. variabile GR3T were less than 32 %. On the basis of the phenotypic characterization, the phylogenetic analysis and the DNA–DNA relatedness data, strain PMB02T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Methylobacterium, for which the name Methylobacterium platani sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PMB02T (=KCTC 12901T=JCM 14648T).
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Chitinilyticum aquatile gen. nov., sp. nov., a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from a freshwater pond used for Pacific white shrimp culture
More LessStrain c14T, originally isolated from surface water of a freshwater pond located in Pingtung (southern Taiwan) used for culture of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain exhibited strong chitinolytic activity and was able to grow under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by utilizing chitin exclusively as the carbon, nitrogen and energy source. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a clear affiliation of the proposed bacterium to the Betaproteobacteria, most closely related to Chitinibacter tainanensis S1T, Deefgea rivuli WB 3.4-79T and Silvimonas terrae KM-45T, with 94.6, 93.6 and 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The predominant fatty acids detected in cells of strain c14T were C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C15 : 0 iso 2-OH). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5 (±1.0) mol%. Biochemical, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses showed that strain c14T could not be assigned to any known genus of the Betaproteobacteria. Therefore, strain c14T is classified within a novel genus and species, for which the name Chitinilyticum aquatile gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Chitinilyticum aquatile is c14T (=LMG 23346T =BCRC 17533T).
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Desulfotignum toluenicum sp. nov., a novel toluene-degrading, sulphate-reducing bacterium isolated from an oil-reservoir model column
More LessA Gram-negative, sulphate-reducing bacterium (strain H3T) was isolated from an oil-reservoir model column. The new isolate was able to oxidize toluene coupled to hydrogen sulphide production. For growth, the optimum salt concentration was 1.5 % (w/v), the optimum pH was 7.2 and the optimum temperature was 34 °C. The cells were straight to slightly curved rods, 0.6–1.0 μm in diameter and 1.4–2.5 μm in length. The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7c and C17 : 0 cyclo, and the cells also contained dimethylacetals. Cloning and sequencing of a 1505 bp long fragment of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain H3T is a member of the Deltaproteobacteria and is related closely to Desulfotignum balticum DSM 7044T. The G+C content of the DNA was 52.0 mol% and the DNA–DNA similarity to D. balticum DSM 7044T was 56.1 %. Based on differences in DNA sequence and the unique property of toluene degradation, it is proposed that strain H3T should be designated a member of a novel species within the genus Desulfotignum, for which the name Desulfotignum toluenicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H3T (=DSM 18732T=ATCC BAA-1460T).
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Shewanella haliotis sp. nov., isolated from the gut microflora of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai
A motile, rod-shaped, pink–orange pigmented bacterium, designated strain DW01T, was isolated from the gut microflora of abalone collected from the South Sea (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (17.7 %), C16 : 0 (13.4 %), iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1 ω7c (12.5 %) and C17 : 1 ω8c (10.7 %). The DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DW01T forms a lineage of the genus Shewanella and is closely related to Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T (98.3 % sequence similarity) and to other members of the genus Shewanella (91.0–94.9 %). The phenotypic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness data indicate that strain DW01T should be distinguished from S. algae ATCC 51192T. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain DW01T represents a novel species, for which the name Shewanella haliotis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DW01T (=KCTC 12896T=JCM 14758T).
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- Eukaryotic Micro-Organisms
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Candida flosculorum sp. nov. and Candida floris sp. nov., two yeast species associated with tropical flowers
Two ascomycetous yeast species, Candida flosculorum sp. nov. and Candida floris sp. nov., were isolated from tropical flowers and their associated insects. C. flosculorum was isolated from flower bracts of Heliconia velloziana and Heliconia episcopalis (Heliconiaceae) collected from two Atlantic rain forest sites in Brazil. C. floris was isolated from flowers of Ipomoea sp. (Convolvulaceae) growing on the banks of the river Paraguai in the pantanal ecosystem in Brazil and from an adult of the stingless bee Trigona sp. and a flower of Merremia quinquefolia (Convolvulaceae) in Costa Rica. C. flosculorum belongs to the Metschnikowiaceae clade and C. floris belongs to the Starmerella clade. The type strain of C. flosculorum is UFMG-JL13T (=CBS 10566T=NRRL Y-48258T) and the type strain of C. floris is UWO(PS) 00-226.2T (=CBS 10593T=NRRL Y-48255T).
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- Other Gram-Positive Bacteria
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Proposal of Viridibacillus gen. nov. and reclassification of Bacillus arvi, Bacillus arenosi and Bacillus neidei as Viridibacillus arvi gen. nov., comb. nov., Viridibacillus arenosi comb. nov. and Viridibacillus neidei comb. nov.
A polyphasic study was undertaken to clarify the taxonomic position of endospore-forming strains 433-D9, 433-E17 and 121-X1. BOX-PCR-generated fingerprints indicated that they may be members of a single species. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity demonstrated that a representative of this group, 433-D9, is affiliated closely with Bacillus arvi DSM 16317T (100 %), Bacillus arenosi DSM 16319T (99.8 %) and Bacillus neidei NRRL BD-87T (97.1 %). Sequence similarities revealed Bacillus pycnus NRRL NRS-1691T and several Kurthia species as the next nearest relatives. DNA–DNA hybridization results showed that strain 433-D9 is a member of B. arvi. Detection of l-Lys–d-Asp-based peptidoglycan in strain 433-D9, B. arvi DSM 16317T and B. arenosi DSM 16319T was in agreement with their close relationship, but differentiated these strains from B. neidei NRRL BD-87T and B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691T, for which l-Lys–d-Glu was reported. A similar quinone system was detected in strains 433-D9, 433-E17, 121-X1, B. arvi DSM 16317T, B. arenosi DSM 16319T and B. neidei NRRL BD-87T. This system, unusual for bacilli, consisted of the major compound menaquinone MK-8 (69–80 %) and moderate amounts of MK-7 (19–30 %). This observation was in contrast to the predominance of MK-7 of the closest relative B. pycnus NRRL NRS-1691T, as also reported for representatives of the closely related non-endospore-forming genus Kurthia. Strains 433-D9, B. arvi DSM 16317T and B. arenosi DSM 16319T exhibited homogeneous and discriminative polar lipid profiles and fatty acid profiles consisting of major acids i-C15 : 0 and ai-C15 : 0 and moderate amounts of i-C17 : 1 ω10c and i-C17 : 1 I/ai-C17 : 1 B that discriminated them from closely related strains such as B. neidei NRRL BD-87T. On the basis of clear-cut discriminative chemotaxonomic markers, we propose strains 433-D9, 433-E17 and 121-X1, B. arvi DSM 16317T, B. arenosi DSM 16319T and B. neidei NRRL BD-87T to be reclassified within a separate genus. For this new taxon, we propose the name Viridibacillus gen. nov., and we propose the reclassification of Bacillus arvi, Bacillus arenosi and Bacillus neidei as Viridibacillus arvi gen. nov., comb. nov. (the type species of Viridibacillus, with the type strain DSM 16317T =LMG 22165T), Viridibacillus arenosi comb. nov. (type strain DSM 16319T =LMG 22166T) and Viridibacillus neidei comb. nov. (type strain NRRL BD-87T =DSM 15031T =JCM 11077T).
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Lactobacillus hayakitensis sp. nov., isolated from intestines of healthy thoroughbreds
Two strains, KBL13T and GBL13, were isolated as one of intestinal lactobacilli from the faecal specimens from different thoroughbreds of the same farm where they were born in Hokkaido, Japan. They were Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods. KBL13T and GBL13 homofermentatively metabolize glucose, and produce lactate as the sole final product from glucose. The 16S rRNA gene sequence, DNA–DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content and biochemical characterization indicated that these two strains, KBL13T and GBL13, belong to the same species. In the representative strain, KBL13T, the DNA G+C content was 34.3 mol%. Lactobacillus salivarius JCM 1231T (=ATCC 11741T; AF089108) is the type strain most closely related to the strain KBL13T as shown in the phylogenetic tree, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence identity showed 96.0 % (1425/1484 bp). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of this strain indicated that the two isolated strains belong to the genus Lactobacillus and that they formed a branch distinct from their closest relatives, L. salivarius, Lactobacillus aviarius, Lactobacillus saerimneri and Lactobacillus acidipiscis. DNA–DNA reassociation experiments with L. salivarius and L. aviarius confirmed that KBL13T represents a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus hayakitensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KBL13T (=JCM 14209T=DSM 18933T).
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Veillonella denticariosi sp. nov., isolated from human carious dentine
More LessSelective culture of human carious dentine for Veillonella strains resulted in the isolation of two strains of a Gram-negative, coccus-shaped bacterium that has not been described previously. Comparative 16S rRNA and dnaK gene sequence analysis indicated that the two strains were homogeneous and comprised a distinct lineage within the genus Veillonella, phylogenetically most closely related to Veillonella rodentium. This was supported by DNA–DNA hybridization, which showed clearly that the two strains were similar and distinct from other Veillonella species, and the production of major cellular fatty acids (C13 : 0 and C17 : 1 ω8), which is consistent with other members of the genus Veillonella. Based on these observations, strains RBV81 and RBV106T represent a novel species, for which the name Veillonella denticariosi sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain RBV106T (=CIP 109448T =CCUG 54362T =DSM 19009T).
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Bacillus plakortidis sp. nov. and Bacillus murimartini sp. nov., novel alkalitolerant members of rRNA group 6
The Gram-positive, alkali- and salt-tolerant marine bacterium strain P203T is described together with its closest phylogenetic neighbour, terrestrial isolate LMG 21005T. Strain P203T was isolated from material from the sponge Plakortis simplex that was obtained from the Sula-Ridge, Norwegian Sea. Strain LMG 21005T was an undescribed strain that was isolated from a church wall mural in Germany. Strains P203T and LMG 21005T were identified as novel alkalitolerant members of the Bacillus rRNA group 6 with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.5 %. The closest described neighbour, Bacillus gibsonii DSM 8722T, showed 99.0 % gene sequence similarity with P203T and 98.8 % similarity with strain LMG 21005T. Despite the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, DNA–DNA cross-hybridization revealed only 25.8–34.1 % similarity amongst the three strains. The DNA G+C contents were 41.1 mol% for strain P203T and 39.6 mol% for strain LMG 21005T. Both strains grew well between pH 7 and pH 11. Strain P203T showed growth at moderate temperatures (from 4 to 30 °C) and in the presence of up to 12 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.7, whereas strain LMG 21005T was not salt tolerant (up to 4 % NaCl) and no growth was observed at 4 °C. The major fatty acids of strains P203T, LMG 21005T and the type strain of B. gibsonii were the saturated terminally methyl-branched compounds iso-C15 : 0 (19.8, 15.6 and 28.0 %, respectively) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (57.1, 48.6 and 45.2 %, respectively). Physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strains P203T and LMG 21005T from the six related Bacillus species with validly published names and supported the proposal of two novel species, Bacillus plakortidis [type strain P203T (=DSM 19153T=NCIMB 14288T)] and Bacillus murimartini [type strain LMG 21005T (=NCIMB 14102T)].
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Cohnella laeviribosi sp. nov., isolated from a volcanic pond
More LessA novel thermophilic and endospore-forming Gram-positive bacterium capable of assimilating and isomerizing l-ribose was isolated from a volcanic area in Likupang, Indonesia. The isolate, RI-39T, was able to grow at high temperatures (37–60 °C); optimum growth was observed at pH 6.5 and 45 °C. The strain contained MK-7 (87 %) as the main respiratory quinone and had a DNA G+C content of 51 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate represents an evolutionary lineage that is distinct from those of other Cohnella species. Based on morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, it is proposed that strain RI-39T represents a novel species, Cohnella laeviribosi sp. nov. The type strain is RI-39T (=KCTC 3987T =KCCM 10653PT =CCUG 52217T).
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Ureibacillus composti sp. nov. and Ureibacillus thermophilus sp. nov., isolated from livestock-manure composts
Two Gram-negative, rod-shaped, thermophilic bacterial strains, HC145T and HC148T, were isolated from a compost sample from a compost facility in Ichon, Korea. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of HC145T and HC148T and comparative analyses of the resulting sequences clearly showed that these strains had a phylogenetic affiliation to the genus Ureibacillus. The level of 16S rRNA similarity between the two novel strains was 98.4 % and the levels of sequence similarity between them and existing Ureibacillus species were 97.8–98.1 (HC145T) and 97.4–98.7 % (HC148T). The DNA–DNA reassociation values between the two strains and the type strains of Ureibacillus species ranged from 38 to 51 %. The polar lipid profiles for both isolates consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids and glycolipids of unknown composition. The major quinones were MK-8, MK-9 and MK-7, the peptidoglycan type was l-Lys←d-Asp and the main cellular fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. The DNA G+C contents of strains HC145T and HC148T were 42.4 and 38.5 mol%, respectively. On the basis of the data from this polyphasic study, strains HC145T and HC148T represent members of the genus Ureibacillus, for which the names Ureibacillus composti sp. nov. and Ureibacillus thermophilus sp. nov., respectively, are proposed. The type strain of U. composti is HC145T (=KACC 11361T =DSM 17951T) and the type strain of U. thermophilus is HC148T (=KACC 11362T =DSM 17952T).
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Bacillus kribbensis sp. nov., isolated from a soil sample in Jeju, Korea
More LessA Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain BT080T, was isolated from a soil sample in Jeju, Korea. Cells of the isolate were strictly aerobic rods that were motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The strain grew optimally at 30–33 °C and pH 5.5–6.5. Chemotaxonomic data (major isoprenoid quinone, MK-7; DNA G+C content, 43.3 mol%; major fatty acids, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0) supported the affiliation of the isolate to the genus Bacillus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain BT080T formed a distinct phyletic line within the genus Bacillus. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to related Bacillus species were below 96.4 %. On the basis of physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic properties, strain BT080T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus kribbensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BT080T (=KCTC 13934T=DSM 17871T).
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