- Volume 67, Issue 4, 2017

Due to its separate position within the genus Arthrobacter in many published phylogenetic trees and its incomplete chemotaxonomic characterization, the type strain of Arthrobacter sanguinis was subjected to analysis of its chemotaxonomic traits including quinone system, polar lipid profile, peptidoglycan structure and fatty acid profile. The fatty acid profile consisted of the major compounds (>10 %) iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. It showed a quinone system with the predominating menaquinone MK-9(H2). Both, fatty acid profile and quinone system are in line with the description of the genus Arthrobacter . The peptidoglycan type was l-Lys–l-Ala–Gly (A11.50) which is unique within the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato and also among species of the genus Arthrobacter recently reclassified in the genera Sinomonas , Paenarthrobacter and Pseudarthrobacter . The polar lipid profile was very complex and unique among the group of taxa in containing relatively high proportions of several unidentified lipids. In conclusion from the phylogenetic position and chemotaxonomic distinguishability from related taxa, the reclassification of Arthrobacter sanguinis in a new genus and species, Haematomicrobium sanguinis gen. nov., comb. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the type species is 741T (=CCUG 46407T=DSM 21259T).

Two extremely halophilic archaea, strains D90T and D93, were isolated from underground salt deposits of Yunnan salt mine, China. Both strains were pleomorphic or short rods, non-motile, Gram-negative and required 1.7 M NaCl for growth, with optimum at 3.4 M. Mg2+ was not required for growth. Multiple copies of the 16S rRNA gene were obtained for both strains. Sequence similarity analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed that strains D90T and D93 were closely related to Halobaculum magnesiiphilum MGY-184T and Halobaculum gomorrense DSM 9297T with the sequence similarity between 96.2–98.1 %. The sequence similarity of the rpoB′ gene between strain D90T and Halobaculum gomorrense JCM 9908T was 94.1 %. The DNA G+C contents of strains D90T and D93 were 65.9 and 67.6 mol%, respectively. The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and glycolipid. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strains D90T and D93 was 90.1±0.5 %, while that between strain D90T and Halobaculum gomorrense JCM 9908T was 30.0±0.7 %. The comparison of physiological and biochemical characteristics, including the requirements of NaCl, Mg2+, pH, etc., differentiated strains D90T and D93 from Halobaculum magnesiiphilum MGY-184T and Halobaculum gomorrense JCM 9908T. Therefore, strains D90T and D93 represent a novel species of the genus Halobaculum , for which the name Halobaculum roseum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D90T (=CGMCC 1.15501T=JCM 31273T).

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, pink, cold-tolerant bacterial strain, NH7-4T, was isolated from the Riganqiao peatlands on the Tibetan Plateau. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel isolate shared a pairwise similarity ranging from 96.84 to 93.02 % with type strains of species of the genus Mucilaginibacter . Growth of strain NH7-4T occurred between 0 and 30 °C and at pH 5.0–9.0, with an optimum growth temperature at 20 °C and an optimum pH for growth of approximately 7.0. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1ω5c. The major polar lipid of strain NH7-4T was phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain NH7-4T did not assimilate any substrates in API 20NE strips without low concentrations of yeast extract being present and had a lower optimal growth temperature, which distinguished it from other type strains of species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. The DNA G+C content of strain NH7-4T was 48.6 mol%. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain NH7-4T (=JCM 30607T=CGMCC1.14937T) represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter for which the name Mucilaginibacter psychrotolerans sp. nov. is proposed.

A Gram-stain negative, orange-pigmented, aerobic, non-motile and ovoid- to rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated CDA4T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the sedimentation basin of a mariculture farm in Zhejiang province, China. The temperature range for growth of strain CDA4T was 15–40 °C, wirrth an optimum at 35 °C. The pH range for growth was 6.0–8.5, with an optimum around pH 7.5. NaCl was required for growth at the concentration range 0.5–5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 2.0 % (w/v). Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the main respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6 (MK-6), the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, unknown ECL 13.565 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified aminolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CDA4T was 38.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CDA4T formed a distinct lineage in the clade of the family Flavobacteriaceae . Based on the polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain CDA4T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Maripseudobacter aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is CDA4T (=KCTC 52409T=MCCC 1K03210T).

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain THG-DN5.5T, was isolated from soil of a Rose of Sharon garden in Daejeon, South Korea. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-DN5.5T was found to be most closely related to Niabella yanshanensis CCBAU 05354T (97.7 % sequence similarity), Niabella ginsengisoli GR10-1T (97.0 %), ‘ Niabella terrae ’ ICM 1-15 (96.0 %), Niabella soli DSM 19437T (95.7 %) and Niabella aquatica RP-2T (95.6 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain THG-DN5.5T and its phylogenetically closest neighbours was below 50.0 %. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. The major polar lipid of strain THG-DN5.5T was found to be phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were identified as C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. MK-7 was the only menaquinone present. These data supported the affiliation of strain THG-DN5.5T to the genus Niabella . Strain THG-DN5.5T was distinguished from related species of the genus Niabella by physiological and biochemical tests. In conclusion, strain THG-DN5.5T represents a novel species of the genus Niabella , for which the name Niabella hibiscisolisp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-DN5.5T (=KACC 18857T=CCTCC AB 2016086T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, XC0022T, isolated from freshwater of a limpid stream in Zhejiang, China, was studied using a polyphasic approach. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences clearly showed an allocation to the genus Chryseobacterium with the highest sequence similarities of 98.0 % to Chryseobacterium taeanense PHA3-4T, 97.2 % to Chryseobacterium taihuense THMBM1T, 97.1 % to Chryseobacterium rigui CJ16T and 97.1 % to Chryseobacterium profundimaris DY46T. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other species of the genus Chryseobacterium were below 97.0 % (92.3–96.8 %). DNA–DNA hybridization results showed that strain XC0022T was 55.3 %, 49.8 % and 31.1 % related to C. taeanense DSM 17071T, Chryseobacterium taichungense DSM 17453T and Chryseobacterium gleum JCM 2410T, respectively. The quinone system was composed only of MK-6. Strain XC0022T possessed iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C18 : 1ω9c and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids profile consisted of one phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, four unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 29.7 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain XC0022T (=KCTC 52364T=MCCC 1K02723T) represents a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium , for which the name Chryseobacterium lineare sp. nov. is proposed.

Strain K2-33028T, which appeared as a brick-red colony on an R2A plate, was isolated from a marine sediment sample from Kings Bay, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that K2-33028T represented a member of the genus Hymenobacter . Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped and without motility. Growth occurred at 4–37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). Cells contained menaquinone-7 as the main respiratory quinone and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 1ω5c, summed feature 4 (comprising anteiso-C17 : 1B and/or iso-C17 : 1I) and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was predominant in the polar lipid profile. The DNA G+C content was 64.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain K2-33028T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter , for which the name Hymenobacterrutilussp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is K2-33028T (=CCTCC AB 2016091T=KCTC 52447T).

A yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated M1-33108T, was isolated from the till of high Arctic glacier Midtre Lovénbreen near Ny-Ålesund, in the West Svalbard Archipelago, Norway. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain M1-33108T belonged to the genus Terrimonas and its closest neighbour was Terrimonas arctica R9-86T with 96.12 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Cells of strain M1-33108T were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that lacked motility. Cells contained iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as its major cellular fatty acids and menaquinone-7 as the sole respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile of strain M1-33108T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminophospholipids, eight unknown aminolipids, an unknown glycolipid and three unknown polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 45.0 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain M1-33108T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Terrimonas , for which the name Terrimonas crocea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M1-33108T (=CCTCC AB 2016103T=KCTC 52448T).

A novel bacterial strain AHQ-46T was isolated from a freshwater lake in Taiwan. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped and formed translucent yellow colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 20–25 °C, pH 7.0, and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AHQ-46T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and was most closely related to Flavobacterium verecundum TTM-46T with a sequence similarity of 95.8 %. Strain AHQ-46T contained iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several uncharacterized aminophospholipids and phospholipids. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32.1 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic inference, demonstrate that strain AHQ-46T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium lacunae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AHQ-46T (=BCRC 80889T=LMG 28710T).

A Gram-staining-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain S2-A1T, was isolated from estuary sediment in South Korea. Cells of strain S2-A1T were oxidase- and catalase-positive rods without a gliding motility. Growth was observed at 15–40 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–7.5) and in the presence of 0–4.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5–1.0 %). The sole respiratory quinone was MK-7. iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c/C16  : 1ω6c) and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c/C16  : 0 10-methyl) were found as the major fatty acids (>5 % of the total fatty acids). The polar lipids of strain S2-A1T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.6 mol%. Strain S2-A1T was most closely related to Algoriphagus taeanensis HMC4223T with a 97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S2-A1T formed a tight phyletic lineage with members of the genus Algoriphagus . On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain S2-A1T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus , for which the name Algoriphagus aestuariicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S2-A1T (=KACC 18987T=JCM 31546T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, non-flagellated, non-gliding, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium, designated CY01T, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea. CY01T grew at 15–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5–8 (optimum, 6.5–7.5) and with 0.5–12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5–3.5 %). It could not produce flexirubin-type pigment or reduce nitrate to nitrite. CY01T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Euzebyella saccharophila (97.0 %) and clustered tightly with the species of the genus Euzebyella in the phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The major cellular fatty acids of CY01T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and the major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6. Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), four unidentified lipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. Based on the results of the polyphasic characterization of CY01T, it represents a novel species of the genus Euzebyella , for which the name Euzebyella marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CY01T (=CCTCC AB 2014348T=KCTC 42440T).

A yellow, rod-shaped, Gram-reaction-negative bacterial strain, designated LPB0076T, was isolated from a Pacific oyster. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated that the strain represented a member of the genus Flavobacterium . It had the highest sequence similarity to the type strains of Flavobacterium frigidarium (97.6 %) and Flavobacterium omnivorum (97.0 %), and its similarities with all other species of the genus Flavobacterium were below 97.0 %. Its genome size (3.02 Mb), DNA G+C content (36.0 mol%), predominant cellular fatty acids (anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c and/or C17 : 1ω6c), and major polar lipid (phosphatidylethanolamine) were similar to those described previously for members of the genus Flavobacterium . In contrast, a number of phenotypic characteristics, including the inability to grow microaerophilically, absence of flexirubin-type pigments and gliding motility and differences in enzymatic reactions, clearly distinguished LPB0076T from other species of the genus Flavobacterium . The polyphasic data presented in this study indicate that this isolate should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium . The name Flavobacterium crassostreae sp. nov. is therefore proposed for the isolate, with the type strain being LPB0076T (=KACC 18706T=JCM 31219T).

A Gram-reaction-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, non-motile, light yellow and rod-shaped bacterium (designated Gsoil 809T) isolated from soil of ginseng field, was characterized by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain Gsoil 809T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C and at pH 7.0 on nutrient agar medium. Strain Gsoil 809T possessed β-glucosidase activity, which was responsible for its ability to transform protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside Rg1 to ginsenoside Rh1. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain Gsoil 809T belongs to the genus Arachidicoccus of the family Chitinophagaceae and was most closely related to Arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae Vu-144T (98.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content was 39.4 mol%. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain Gsoil 809T and A . rhizosphaerae Vu-144T was 41.27±1.03 %. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown polar lipid. The predominant quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3, which supported the affiliation of Gsoil 809T to the genus Arachidicoccus . Strain Gsoil 809T contained homospermidineas the major polyamine. Moreover, the physiological and biochemical test results and low DNA–DNA relatedness value allowed the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain Gsoil 809T from recognized species of the genus Arachidicoccus . Therefore, strain Gsoil 809T represents a novel species of the genus Arachidicoccus , for which the name Arachidicoccus ginsenosidivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 809T (=KCTC 22820T=JCM 30984T).

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding, catalase-positive, long-rod-shaped bacterium designated strain CSW06T, was isolated from surface seawater of the Bohai Sea. Optimal growth occurred in the presence of 4 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7 and at 28 °C. The predominant fatty acids (>10 % of total fatty acids) were iso-C15 : 1G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of CSW06T was 50.3 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone detected was menaquinone with six isoprene units (MK-6). On the basis of the results of polyphasic analyses, CSW06T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Muricauda in the family Flavobacteriaceae , for which the name Muricauda lutea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CSW06T (=CGMCC 1.15761T=JCM 31455T=KCTC 52375T=MCCC 1K03195T).

A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain SM1502T, was isolated from Arctic seawater. The isolate grew at 10–40 °C and with 0–8.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate was affiliated with the genus Flavobacterium , with the highest sequence similarity (96.0 %) found with Flavobacterium suzhouense XIN-1T. The major fatty acids of strain SM1502T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C15 : 1 G, C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and unknown ECL 13.565. The major respiratory quinone of strain SM1502T was menaquinone-6 (MK-6). Polar lipids of strain SM1502T included phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified aminolipid and lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SM1502T was 37.0 mol%. Based on the polyphasic data obtained in this study, strain SM1502T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium arcticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SM1502T (=KCTC 42668T=CCTCC AB 2015346T).

Two novel aerobic bacteria, designated strains LAM0312T and LAM0313, were isolated from saline soil samples collected from a paddy field in Dezhou city, Shandong Province, China. Cells of these strains were Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped and motile with peritrichous flagella. The optimal growth temperature and pH were 30 °C and pH 7.0–8.0. Strain LAM0312T was able to grow in the presence of 12 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The dominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, five unidentitied lipids and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was identified as menaquinone-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 45.0 and 46.0 mol%, respectively, as determined by the T m method. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that the strains were closely related to Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T and Brevibacillus fluminis JCM 15716T with 98.5 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain LAM0312T and LAM0313 was 92±0.6 % (reciprocal 90±0.2 %) and the value between strain LAM0312T and Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25T was 48±0.5 % (reciprocal 40±0.4 %). On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the two strains are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus , for which the name Brevibacillus halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LAM0312T (=ACCC 06527T=JCM 30849T).

Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6–10 and with 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28–30 °C, pH 7.0–8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. The menaquinone of strain 26D10-3-4T was MK-7 and the peptidoglycan type A3α based on l-Lys-Gly3-?Ala. The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococca ceae ; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). An additional strain of the species is 9-4-1.

Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated DB13031T and DB13311, were isolated from the soil of the Jiaxi Nature Reserve in Hainan, PR China. 16S rRNA gene analysis of strains DB13031T and DB13311 showed that they fell within the Paenibacillus cluster, with highest similarities to Paenibacillus cucumis AP-115T (98.4 and 98.3 %, respectively), Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23T (98.3 and 98.2 %, respectively) and Paenibacillus oceanisediminis L10T (97.7 and 97.7 %, respectively). The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain DB13031T and the type strains of its closest related species were 48.2, 38.1 and 43.5 %. Strain DB13031T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A1γ type and the major polar lipid profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminophospholipids and four unknown phospholipids. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus silvae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DB13031T (=CGMCC 1.12770T=DSM 28013T).