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Volume 54,
Issue 4,
2004
Volume 54, Issue 4, 2004
- Validation List No. 98
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Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM
The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries (i.e. documents certifying deposition and availability of type strains). It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors' names will be included in the author index of the present issue and in the volume author index. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.
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- Notification List
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Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 54, part 2, of the IJSEM
This listing of names published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol 41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles).
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- New Taxa
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- Archaea
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Methanotorris formicicus sp. nov., a novel extremely thermophilic, methane-producing archaeon isolated from a black smoker chimney in the Central Indian Ridge
More LessA novel extremely thermophilic, methane-producing archaeon was isolated from a black smoker chimney at the Kairei field in the Central Indian Ridge. Cells of this isolate were irregular cocci with several flagella; motility was not observed. Growth was observed between 55 and 83 °C (optimum of 75 °C; 30 min doubling time) and between pH 6·0 and 8·5 (optimum of pH 6·7). The isolate was a strictly anaerobic, methanogenic autotroph capable of using hydrogen and carbon dioxide as sole energy and carbon sources. Formate was utilized as an alternative energy source. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 33·3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was most closely related to Methanotorris igneus strain Kol 5T. The isolate, however, could be genetically differentiated from this species by DNA–DNA hybridization analysis and on the basis of its physiological properties. The name Methanotorris formicicus sp. nov. is proposed for this isolate; the type strain is Mc-S-70T (=JCM 11930T=ATCC BAA-687T).
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Halorubrum tibetense sp. nov., a novel haloalkaliphilic archaeon from Lake Zabuye in Tibet, China
More LessA novel haloalkaliphilic archaeon, strain 8W8T, was isolated from Lake Zabuye, on the Tibetan Plateau, China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 8W8T was shown to belong to the genus Halorubrum and was related to Halorubrum vacuolatum (96·7 % sequence similarity), Halorubrum saccharovorum (96·0 %), Halorubrum lacusprofundi (95·4 %) and Halorubrum sodomense (95·3 %). The phylogenetic distance from any species within the other genera of Halobacteriales was lower than 90 %. The major polar lipids of strain 8W8T were C20C20 and C20C25 derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain 8W8T from the eight Halorubrum species with validly published names. Therefore, strain 8W8T represents a novel species, for which the name Halorubrum tibetense sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 8W8T (=AS 1.3239T=JCM 11889T).
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- Other Bacteria
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Maribacter gen. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine habitats, containing the species Maribacter sedimenticola sp. nov., Maribacter aquivivus sp. nov., Maribacter orientalis sp. nov. and Maribacter ulvicola sp. nov.
Six novel gliding, heterotrophic, Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacteria were isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata, sea water and a bottom sediment sample collected in the Gulf of Peter the Great, Sea of Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strains studied were members of the family Flavobacteriaceae. On the basis of their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the novel bacteria have been assigned to the new genus Maribacter gen. nov., as Maribacter sedimenticola sp. nov., Maribacter orientalis sp. nov., Maribacter aquivivus sp. nov. and Maribacter ulvicola sp. nov., with the type strains KMM 3903T (=KCTC 12966T=CCUG 47098T), KMM 3947T (=KCTC 12967T=CCUG 48008T), KMM 3949T (=KCTC 12968T=CCUG 48009T) and KMM 3951T (=KCTC 12969T=DSM 15366T), respectively.
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Robiginitalea biformata gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium in the family Flavobacteriaceae with a higher G+C content
More LessTwo Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, non-motile, rust-coloured, marine strains were isolated from the western Sargasso Sea by high-throughput culturing. Characterization of the two strains by polyphasic approaches indicated that they are members of the same species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences using three treeing algorithms revealed that the strains formed a coherent and novel genus-level lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae. The dominant fatty acids were branched or hydroxy acids, i15 : 0, i15 : 1 and 3-OH i17 : 0 being the most abundant. The higher DNA G+C content of the strains (55–56 mol%) clearly differentiated them from other genera of the family Flavobacteriaceae (27–44 mol%). It is proposed, from the polyphasic evidence, that the strains be placed into a novel genus and a novel species named Robiginitalea biformata gen. nov., sp. nov., with strain HTCC2501T (=ATCC BAA-864T=KCTC 12146T) as the type strain.
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Salegentibacter holothuriorum sp. nov., isolated from the edible holothurian Apostichopus japonicus
Strain KMM 3524T was isolated from the holothurian Apostichopus japonicus living in the Sea of Japan. The bacterial strain was pigmented, non-motile, Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and oxidase-, catalase- and β-galactosidase-positive. From the results of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain KMM 3524T was found to be related closely to Salegentibacter salegens (98·1 %). DNA–DNA homology between strains KMM 3524T and S. salegens DSM 5424T was 38 %; this showed clearly that the holothurian isolate KMM 3524T belongs to a novel species of the genus Salegentibacter for which the name Salegentibacter holothuriorum sp. nov. is proposed, with KMM 3524T (=NBRC 100249T=LMG 21968T) as the type strain.
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Treponema putidum sp. nov., a medium-sized proteolytic spirochaete isolated from lesions of human periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
So far, little phenotypic heterogeneity has been detected in cultured oral treponemes with trypsin-like proteolytic activity, and all have been assigned to the species Treponema denticola. However, comparisons of protein patterns and antigen expression in our collection of proteolytic oral treponemes occasionally identified isolates with a unique phenotype; e.g. strain OMZ 830 (=ATCC 700768), which qualified as a ‘pathogen-related oral spirochaete’ due to the presence of a ∼37 kDa protein reactive with the Treponema pallidum FlaA-specific mAb H9-2. In addition to such single isolates, a homogeneous group of seven independent strains is described that were highly motile, medium-sized, proteolytic but asaccharolytic spirochaetes and were cultured from human gingivitis, periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in medium OMIZ-Pat supplemented with 1 % human serum and antibiotics. Growth of these spirochaetes in OMIZ-Pat was not dependent on, but was stimulated by, human or bovine serum. Carbohydrates were neither required nor stimulatory for growth. The protein and antigen patterns of total cell extracts of these organisms separated by SDS-PAGE were distinct from those of all previously cultured spirochaetes, with highest similarity to T. denticola. The novel spirochaete has a 2 : 4 : 2 arrangement of the periplasmic flagella, similar to T. denticola. However, the flagellin pattern as detected by immunostaining or glycan staining of Western blots readily distinguished the novel group from T. denticola. Also, distinct from reference strains of T. denticola, none of the novel isolates displayed sialidase or dentilisin activities, both of which are expressed by most strains of T. denticola. Trypsin-like activity and other enzymes as detected by API ZYM test were similar to those of T. denticola. The status of a novel species is supported by the 16S rRNA gene sequence, with 98·5 % similarity to its closest cultured relative, T. denticola. The name Treponema putidum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain OMZ 758T=ATCC 700334T=CIP 108088T).
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Arenibacter certesii sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata
The taxonomic position of a novel, marine, heterotrophic, aerobic, pigmented, non-motile bacterium that was isolated from a green alga, Ulva fenestrata, inhabiting the Sea of Japan, was determined. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain, KMM 3941T, is a member of the genus Arenibacter. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization experiments, supported by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, showed that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Arenibacter, for which the name Arenibacter certesii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 3941T (=KCTC 12113T=CCUG 48006T).
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Stenotrophomonas africana Drancourt et al. 1997 is a later synonym of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) Palleroni and Bradbury 1993
More LessType and reference strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Stenotrophomonas africana were compared with each other and with the type strains of other Stenotrophomonas species, using SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins, DNA–DNA hybridization and extensive biochemical characterization. S. maltophilia LMG 958T and S. africana LMG 22072T had very similar whole-cell-protein patterns and were also biochemically very similar. A DNA–DNA binding level of 70 % between both type strains confirmed that S. africana and S. maltophilia represent the same taxon. It is concluded that S. africana is a later synonym of S. maltophilia.
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Algibacter lectus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from green algae
Three strains of the marine, gliding, pigmented, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic, Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the green algae Acrosiphonia sonderi (Kütz) Kornm and Ulva fenestrata Ruprecht inhabiting the Sea of Japan. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that the strains were members of the family Flavobacteriaceae, in which they occupied separate lineages. The predominant cellular fatty acids were i15 : 0, a15 : 0, i15 : 1, 15 : 0, 15 : 1ω6c, i15 : 0 3-OH and i17 : 0 3-OH. The DNA base compositions were 31–33 mol% G+C. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, the novel bacteria should be placed in a novel taxon as Algibacter lectus gen. nov., sp. nov. with type strain KMM 3902T (=KCTC 12103T=DSM 15365T).
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- Proteobacteria
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Reclassification of salt-water Bdellovibrio sp. as Bacteriovorax marinus sp. nov. and Bacteriovorax litoralis sp. nov.
More LessBdellovibrios are unique, predatory bacteria with an intraperiplasmic growth and multiplication phase within their prey, which consists of many Gram-negative bacteria. Until recently, all bacteria that exhibited these traits were included in the genus Bdellovibrio. However, analysis of 16S rDNA sequences and other studies have demonstrated substantial genotypic, phenotypic and ecotypic diversity among the organisms in this genus ( Baer et al., 2000 ; Snyder et al., 2002 ). This has resulted in reclassification of Bdellovibrio stolpii and Bdellovibrio starrii into the newly constructed genus Bacteriovorax ( Baer et al., 2000 ). In this study, examination of marine isolates of Bdellovibrio (designated SJT, AQ and JS5T) has revealed them to be related more closely to the newly designated genus Bacteriovorax. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that marine isolates SJT, AQ and JS5T clustered in a separate clade from Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 100T as part of the clade that contains Bacteriovorax spp., indicating a much closer taxonomic relationship to the latter. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments also demonstrated <5 % similarity between Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 100T and the marine isolates. Distinct differences between the salt-water group and Bdellovibrio spp. were also observed by determination of DNA G+C content, salinity growth testing and antibiotic sensitivity analysis. On the basis of the results from the studies described above, it is proposed that marine isolates SJT (=ATCC BAA-682T=DSM 15412T) and JS5T (=ATCC BAA-684T=DSM 15409T) should be classified within the genus Bacteriovorax as the type strains of Bacteriovorax marinus sp. nov. and Bacteriovorax litoralis sp. nov., respectively.
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Thiocapsa marina sp. nov., a novel, okenone-containing, purple sulfur bacterium isolated from brackish coastal and marine environments
More LessFour marine, phototrophic, purple sulfur bacteria (strains 5811T, 5812, BM-3 and BS-1) were isolated in pure culture from different brackish to marine sediments in the Mediterranean Sea, the White Sea and the Black Sea. Single cells of these strains were coccus-shaped, non-motile and did not contain gas vesicles. The colour of cell suspensions that were grown in the light was purple–red. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the okenone series were present as photosynthetic pigments. Photosynthetic membrane systems were of the vesicular type. Hydrogen sulfide, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur and molecular hydrogen were used as electron donors during photolithotrophic growth under anoxic conditions; carbon dioxide was utilized as the carbon source. During growth on sulfide, elemental sulfur globules were stored inside the cells. In the presence of hydrogen sulfide, several organic substances could be photoassimilated. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed an affiliation of these four strains to the genus Thiocapsa. Both phylogenetic analysis and the results of DNA–DNA hybridization studies revealed that these strains formed a separate cluster within the genus Thiocapsa. Thus, according to phenotypic characteristics and mainly the carotenoid composition, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization data, it is proposed that these strains should be classified as a novel species, Thiocapsa marina sp. nov., with strain 5811T (=DSM 5653T=ATCC 43172T) as the type strain.
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Shewanella pacifica sp. nov., a polyunsaturated fatty acid-producing bacterium isolated from sea water
Six marine bacterial strains, KMM 3597T, KMM 3775, KMM 3590, KMM 3772, KMM 3605 and KMM 3601, that produce polyunsaturated fatty acids were isolated from sea water samples collected from different locations and depths in Chazhma Bay (Sea of Japan, Pacific Ocean) and characterized to clarify their taxonomic position. The DNA G+C contents of these strains were 39·5–40·3 mol%. The level of DNA hybridization between these strains was conspecific (83–96 %), indicating that they represent a single genospecies. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis of the novel strains revealed that Shewanella japonica KMM 3299T was the closest relative (99 % similarity). However, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated only 45–50 % binding with DNA of S. japonica. The novel organisms grew between 4 and 33 °C, were neutrophilic and haemolytic, and were able to degrade starch, gelatin, agar and Tween 80. The predominant fatty acids were (%±sd): i13 : 0 (9·3±1·1); i15 : 0 (33·9±1·5); 16 : 0 (8·9±1·6); and 16 : 1ω7 (14·8±1·1). The fatty acid 20 : 5ω3, formed at 28 °C, was present at up to 5·3 % total fatty acids. The major isoprenoid quinones were Q7 (21–41 %) and Q8 (50–59 %). The phylogenetic, genetic and physiological properties of the six strains placed them within a novel species, Shewanella pacifica sp. nov., the type strain of which is R10SW1T (=KMM 3597T=CIP 107849T).
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Shewanella affinis sp. nov., isolated from marine invertebrates
Four marine bacterial strains, designated KMM 3587T, KMM 3586, KMM 3821 and KMM 3822, were isolated from the sipuncula Phascolosoma japonicum, a common inhabitant of Troitza Bay in the Gulf of Peter the Great (Sea of Japan region), and from an unidentified hydrocoral species collected in Makarov Bay (Iturup Islands), Kuril Islands, North-West Pacific Ocean. The strains were characterized to clarify their taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequences of KMM 3587T and KMM 3586 indicated 99 % similarity to Shewanella colwelliana. Despite such a high level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated only 45–52 % binding with DNA of S. colwelliana ATCC 39565T. The DNA G+C contents of the novel strains were 45 mol% and the shared level of DNA hybridization was conspecific (81–97 %), indicating that they represent a single genospecies. The novel strains were mesophilic (able to grow at 10–34 °C), neutrophilic and haemolytic, and able to degrade gelatin, casein and Tween 20, 40 and 80, but not starch, agar, elastin, alginate or chitin. The major fatty acids were i13 : 0, i15 : 0, 16 : 0, 16 : 1ω7 and 17 : 1ω8 (68·9 % of total). The major isoprenoid quinones were Q7 (47–62 %) and Q8 (26–47 %). Eicosapentaenoic acid was produced in minor amounts. Based on these data, the strains are assigned to a novel species, Shewanella affinis sp. nov. (type strain KMM 3587T=CIP 107703T=ATCC BAA-642T).
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Microbulbifer maritimus sp. nov., isolated from an intertidal sediment from the Yellow Sea, Korea
More LessA Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, slightly halophilic bacterium (strain TF-17T) was isolated from an intertidal sediment from the Yellow Sea, Korea. Pigment of strain TF-17T was similar to that of Microbulbifer elongatus, but different from those of Microbulbifer hydrolyticus and Microbulbifer salipaludis. Strain TF-17T was distinguishable from M. elongatus by some phenotypic properties, including motility, optimal growth temperature and others. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that strain TF-17T clustered with the type strains of the three Microbulbifer species with validly published names. Strain TF-17T exhibited 16S rDNA sequence similarity levels of 95·1–95·7 % to the type strains of the three Microbulbifer species. The predominant respiratory lipoquinone found in strain TF-17T was ubiquinone-8. The major fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0 and significant amounts of iso-C11 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 1 ω9c were also present. The DNA G+C content of strain TF-17T was 59·9 mol%. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain TF-17T and the type strains of the three Microbulbifer species were in the range 10·0–13·0 %. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data and genotypic distinctiveness, strain TF-17T (=KCCM 41774T=JCM 12187T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Microbulbifer, Microbulbifer maritimus sp. nov.
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Oceanicola granulosus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Oceanicola batsensis sp. nov., poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-producing marine bacteria in the order ‘Rhodobacterales’
More LessThree Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains that accumulate poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules were isolated from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site by high-throughput culturing methods and characterized by polyphasic approaches. DNA–DNA hybridization, DNA G+C content and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences divided the three isolates into two distinct genospecies that were clearly differentiated by fatty acid profiles, carbon source utilization patterns, antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical characteristics. The strains utilized a wide range of substrates, including pentoses, hexoses, oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, organic acids and amino acids. DNA G+C contents were 71·5, 70·9 and 67·3 mol% for strains HTCC2516T, HTCC2523 and HTCC2597T, respectively. The most dominant fatty acid was 18 : 1ω7c in strains HTCC2516T and HTCC2523, and cyclo 19 : 0 in strain HTCC2597T. The type strains HTCC2516T and HTCC2597T were clearly differentiated by the presence or absence of 12 : 0, 12 : 1ω11c, 14 : 0, 15 : 0 and methyl 18 : 1. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the strains formed a distinct monophyletic lineage within the Roseobacter clade in the order ‘Rhodobacterales’ of the Alphaproteobacteria, and which did not associate with any of the described genera. Genotypic and phenotypic differences of the isolates from the previously described genera support the description of Oceanicola granulosus gen. nov., sp. nov. with the type strain HTCC2516T (=ATCC BAA-861T=DSM 15982T=KCTC 12143T) and of Oceanicola batsensis sp. nov. with the type strain HTCC2597T (=ATCC BAA-863T=DSM 15984T=KCTC 12145T).
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Identification of the bacterial endosymbionts of the marine ciliate Euplotes magnicirratus (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) and proposal of ‘Candidatus Devosia euplotis’
More LessThis paper reports the identification of bacterial endosymbionts that inhabit the cytoplasm of the marine ciliated protozoon Euplotes magnicirratus. Ultrastructural and full-cycle rRNA approaches were used to reveal the identity of these bacteria. Based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, evolutionary trees were constructed; these placed the endosymbiont in the genus Devosia in the α-Proteobacteria. The validity of this finding was also shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization with a Devosia-specific oligonucleotide probe. Differences at the 16S rRNA gene level (which allowed the construction of a species-specific oligonucleotide probe) and the peculiar habitat indicate that the endosymbiont represents a novel species. As its cultivation has not been successful to date, the provisional name ‘Candidatus Devosia euplotis' is proposed. The species- and group-specific probes designed in this study could represent convenient tools for the detection of ‘Candidatus Devosia euplotis' and Devosia-like bacteria in the environment.
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Alteromonas stellipolaris sp. nov., a novel, budding, prosthecate bacterium from Antarctic seas, and emended description of the genus Alteromonas
More LessSeven novel, cold-adapted, strictly aerobic, facultatively oligotrophic strains, isolated from Antarctic sea water, were investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolates were Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, motile, rod-shaped cells that were psychrotolerant and moderately halophilic. Buds were produced on mother and daughter cells and on prosthecae. Prostheca formation was peritrichous and prosthecae could be branched. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the γ-Proteobacteria and are related to the genus Alteromonas, with 98·3 % sequence similarity to Alteromonas macleodii and 98·0 % to Alteromonas marina, their nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Whole-cell fatty acid profiles of the isolates were very similar and included C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7c, C17 : 1 ω8c and C18 : 1 ω8c as the major fatty acid components. These results support the affiliation of these isolates to the genus Alteromonas. DNA–DNA hybridization results and differences in phenotypic characteristics show that the strains represent a novel species with a DNA G+C content of 43–45 mol%. The name Alteromonas stellipolaris sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species; the type strain is ANT 69aT (=LMG 21861T=DSM 15691T). An emended description of the genus Alteromonas is given.
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Burkholderia unamae sp. nov., an N2-fixing rhizospheric and endophytic species
It was shown recently that the genus Burkholderia is rich in N2-fixing bacteria that are associated with plants. A group of these diazotrophic isolates with identical or very similar 16S rDNA restriction patterns [designated amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) genotypes 13, 14 and 15] was selected and a polyphasic taxonomic study was performed, which included new isolates that were recovered from rhizospheres, rhizoplanes or internal tissues of maize, sugarcane and coffee plants. Morphological, physiological and biochemical features, as well as multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis profiles and whole-cell protein patterns, of 20 strains were analysed. In addition, analysis of cellular fatty acid profiles, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and DNA–DNA reassociation experiments were performed with representative strains. The taxonomic data indicated that the strains analysed belong to a novel diazotrophic Burkholderia species, for which the name Burkholderia unamae sp. nov. is proposed. Strain MTl-641T (=ATCC BAA-744T=CIP 107921T), isolated from the rhizosphere of maize, was designated as the type strain. B. unamae was found as an endophyte of plants grown in regions with climates ranging from semi-hot subhumid to hot humid, but not from plants grown in regions with semi-hot or hot dry climates. Moreover, B. unamae was isolated from rhizospheres and plants growing in soils with pH values in the range 4·5–7·1, but not from soils with pH values higher than 7·5.
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