- Volume 67, Issue 8, 2017

Eleven actinobacterial strains were isolated from a rock sample collected in the Atacama Desert. Molecular typing by BOX-PCR divided the strains into three clusters and showed that, although very similar, they were not clones. Three strains, ATK01, ATK03T and ATK17, each representing one of the defined BOX clusters, were chosen for further characterization. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strains were related to the genus Pseudonocardia and were recovered in a cluster together with Pseudonocardia bannensis YIM 63101T and Pseudonocardia xinjiangensis AS 4.1538T. Chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed their affiliation to the genus Pseudonocardia but differences were found between the new strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives. Physiological and fatty acid analyses also revealed differences between these strains and their phylogenetic neighbours supporting their status as a distinct species. Based on the overall data, it is proposed that strains ATK01, ATK03T and ATK17 represent a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia for which the name Pseudonocardia nigra sp. nov. is proposed (type strain ATK03T=DSM 104088T=CECT 9183T).

A non-motile, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain HME7103T, was isolated from lagoon water in the Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HME7103T formed a lineage within the genus Lacihabitans and family Cytophagaceae . Strain HME7103T was closely related to Lacihabitans soyangensis HME6675T (95.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The major fatty acids of strain HME7103T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C15 : 0. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polyamine was spermidine. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain HME7103T was 40.6 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HME7103T represents a novel species within the genus Lacihabitans , for which the name Lacihabitans lacunae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HME7103T (=KCTC 23619T=CECT 7956T).

Strain P4487AT was isolated during investigation of cultivable bacterial populations of environmental materials sampled at James Ross Island, Antarctica. It revealed Gram-stain-negative short rod-shaped cells producing a pink pigment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences allocated strain P4487AT to the genus Pedobacter but showed that the strain represents a distinct intrageneric phylogenetic lineage clearly separated from remaining Pedobacter species. Phylogenetically, strain P4487AT formed a common branch with the Pedobacter arcticus and Pedobacter lignilitoris cluster while the highest value of 94.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity suggested that Pedobacter lentus is the most closely related species. Biochemical and physiological test results enabled the differentiation of strain P4487AT from all phylogenetically closely related species. Chemotaxonomic analyses of strain P4487AT showed MK-7 as the respiratory menaquinone, sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids, presence of sphingolipids, and C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c (summed feature 3), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids, all of which corresponded with characteristics of the genus Pedobacter . The results showed that strain P4487AT represents a novel species within the genus Pedobacter , for which the name Pedobacter psychrophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P4487AT (=CCM 8644T=LMG 29436T).

Three strains of a Gram-stain-negative, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain KHM44T, KHM29 and HHM4, were isolated from the sediment of a grey saltern located on Sinui island at Shinan, Korea. The isolates were aerobic, non-motile rods and grew at 15–50 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and at salinities of 3–25 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 10 % NaCl). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and glycolipid. The DNA G+C contents were 48.5–48.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains KHM44T, KHM29 and HHM4 belonged to the genus Aliifodinibius in the family Balneolaceae , with sequence similarities of 95.1–97.2 % to members of this genus. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain KHM44T and the type strains of the other species of the genus Aliifodinibius ranged from 35.4 to 48.0 %. On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strains KHM44T, KHM29 and HHM4 are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Aliifodinibius , for which the name Aliifodinibius salicampi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KHM44T (=KACC 19060T=NBRC 112531T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain 3R17T was isolated from freshwater. Strain 3R17T produced bright-yellow, circular, convex and smooth colonies on R2A agar, tryptic soy agar, potato dextrose agar, nutrient agar and brain–heart infusion agar media. The strain was motile by gliding. The strain grew at 4–30 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6–9 (optimum, pH 7) and in the presence of up to 3 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %) on R2A agar. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that 3R17T represents a member of the genus Flavobacterium and is most closely related to Flavobacterium resistens BD-b365T, with a sequence similarity of 97.78 %, but the strain formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage of its own. Fatty acid analysis indicated that a summed feature comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1G, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH were the major components (>5 %). Strain 3R17T contained phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and several unidentified aminolipids as main polar lipids, and MK-6 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. Flexirubin pigments were not produced. The DNA G+C content was 35.4 mol%. The combination of physiological and chemotaxonomic properties distinguished 3R17T from related species of the genus Flavobacterium . On the basis of polyphasic taxonomy, 3R17T evidently represents a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium fluminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3R17T (=KCTC 42062T=JCM 30338T).

A yellow, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped and non-flagellated bacterial strain, designated T16R-129T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a tomato plant collected at a farm located on Buyeo-gun of Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. Strain T16R-129T grew at 15–40 °C and pH 7.0–9.0, and did not require NaCl for growth. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain T16R-129T clustered with members of the genus Terrimonas , and it shared highest similarity with Terrimonas arctica R9-86T (96.1 %), Terrimonas pekingensis QHT (95.9 %), Terrimonas lutea DYT (94.9 %), Terrimonas crocea M1-33108T (95.4 %) and Terrimonas rhizosphaerae CR94T (95.3 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. The polar lipids of strain T16R-129T were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and five unidentified polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46.0 mol%. On the basis of data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain T16R-129T represents a novel species in the genus Terrimonas , for which the name Terrimonas terrae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is T16R-129T (=KACC 18787T=JCM 31603T).

Taxonomical analyses were performed on strain CPA58T, a novel isolate obtained from surface-sterilized aboveground tissues of the halophyte Halimione portulacoides, collected from a salt marsh in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Optimal growth was observed at 26 °C, at pH 6–8 and in the presence of 2 to 3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showed that strain CPA58T belongs to the genus Zunongwangia , with highest sequence similarities to both Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87T and Zunongwangia mangrovi P2E16T (96.5 %), followed by Zunongwangia atlantica 22II14-10F7T (95.9 %). The principal fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6 and the DNA G+C content was 35.1 mol%. Phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses clearly placed strain CPA58T in the genus Zunongwangia . However, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the threshold for same species relatedness was not surpassed, and biochemical tests revealed diagnostic characteristics that differentiated this strain from other type strains of species of the genus Zunongwangia . Overall, the analyses showed that strain CPA58T represents a novel species within the genus Zunongwangia , for which the name Zunongwangia endophytica sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain CPA58T (=CECT 9128T=LMG 29517T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated EF23T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of watermelon. Growth of strain EF23T was observed at 10–37 °C, at pH 5.0–9.0 and in the presence of 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain EF23T contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the major isoprenoid quinone, and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was identified as the major polar lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain EF23T was 43.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EF23T was most closely related to Mucilaginibacter gossypii Gh-67T (98.9 % similarity) and Mucilaginibacter gossypiicola Gh-48T (97.6 %). DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain EF23T and M. gossypii KCTC 22380T and M. gossypiicola KCTC 22379T were 31.6 and 53.7 %. On the basis of the evidence presented in this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain EF23T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter , for which the name Mucilaginibacter rubeus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EF23T (=CGMCC 1.15913T=KCTC 52516T).

A yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, originally designated 15-S14-6T, was isolated from the southern coastal waters of Korea and was subjected to taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain 15-S14-6T was Gram-staining-negative, flagellated, rod-shaped and aerobic. The strain grew optimally at 25–30 °C, in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.5–8.0. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that 15-S14-6T represented a member of the genus Mesonia and exhibited the highest sequence similarity (98.0 %) with Mesonia aquimarina IMCC1021T, followed by Mesonia mobilis KMM 6059T (96.7 %) and Mesonia phycicola MDSW-25T (96.1 %). DNA–DNA relatedness between 15-S14-6T and M. aquimarina IMCC1021T was 11.2±1.6 % (12.3±0.3 % in a reciprocal experiment). Strain 15-S14-6T had a DNA G+C content of 34.4 mol% and had MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. Furthermore, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 were identified as the major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, an unknown phospholipid and four other unknown lipids were determined to be the major polar lipids. Based on phenotypic properties and phylogenetic data presented here, 15-S14-6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mesonia , for which the name Mesonia maritimus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15-S14-6T (= KCCM 43197T, NCAIM B.02633T, CGMCC 1.16020T).

A bacterial strain designated LYH-12T was isolated from a freshwater fish culture pond in Taiwan, ROC and characterized by taking a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LYH-12T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter and was most closely related to Hymenobacter xinjiangensis X2-1gT and Hymenobacter rigui WPCB131T with a sequence similarity of 96.6 % and less than 96.5 % with other members of the genus. Cells of strain LYH-12T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile rods that were covered by large capsules and formed light pink-coloured colonies. Growth occurred at 10–37 °C (optimum, 20–30 °C), at pH 6.5–7.5 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0–1 % NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Strain LYH-12T contained iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c as the predominant fatty acids. The only isoprenoid quinone detected was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one uncharacterized aminophospholipid, four uncharacterized aminolipids, two uncharacterized phospholipids and three uncharacterized lipids. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.3 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain LYH-12T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Hymenobacter pallidus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LYH-12T (=BCRC 80919T=LMG 29171T=KCTC 42898T).

Bacterial strain ZZ-4T, a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, non-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from tetrabromobisphenol A-contaminated soil in PR China. The taxonomic position of this strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZZ-4T was a member of the genus Emticicia and showed the highest sequence similarity to Emticicia fontis IMCC1731T (98.0 %) and Emticicia ginsengisoli Gsoil 085T (97.2 %), and lower (<97 %) sequence similarity to other known Emticicia species. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain ZZ-4T possessed menaquinone MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone; and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1ω5c were the predominant fatty acids. Strain ZZ-4T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness with E. fontis IMCC1731T (39.8±3.1 %) and E. ginsengisoli Gsoil 085T (44.51±1.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 38.3 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic data and DNA–DNA hybridization results, strain ZZ-4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Emticicia , for which the name Emticicia soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZZ-4T (=KCTC 52344T=CCTCC AB 2016137T).

Two strains of bacteria designated CB-3T and CB-31 were isolated from Kyonggi University forest soil. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented. They were able to grow at 15–42 °C, pH 5.5–9.5 and with 0–1.5 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains CB-3T and CB-31 formed a lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes that was distinct from various species of the genus Flavobacterium , including Flavobacterium humicola UCM-46T (99.58 % sequence similarity), Flavobacterium suncheonense GH29-5T (98.12 %), Flavobacterium pedocola UCM-R36T (97.57 %), Flavobacterium fulvum UCM-R15T (96.8 %) and Flavobacterium cauense R2A-7T (96.31 %). Both strains contained MK-6 as the sole quinone. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 1 G. The DNA G+C content of the strains was 35.8–36.7 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain CB-3T and the most closely related members of the genus Flavobacterium ranged from 32 % to 59 %. The morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished strains CB-3T and CB-31 from their closest phylogenetic neighbours. Thus, strains CB-3T and CB-31 represent a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium flaviflagrans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CB-3T (=KEMB 9005-535T=KACC 19112T=NBRC 112704T).

A novel bacterial strain, designated N60AT, was isolated from sediment soil of crater lake, Baekrokdam, Hallasan, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Cells of N60AT were Gram-reaction-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-motile rods and formed transparent white colonies on ten-fold diluted R2A agar. N60AT contained summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16  : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids and MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. It contained phosphatidylethanolamine as the predominant polar lipid. The DNA G+C content was 44.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that N60AT formed a separate lineage in the genus Mucilaginibacter and that it was most closely related to Mucilaginibacter frigoritolerans FT22T (96.5 % sequence similarity). Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics supported the conclusion that N60AT represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter , for which the name Mucilaginibacter craterilacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N60AT (=KCTC 52404T=NRRL B-65396T).

Two Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic and yellow-coloured bacterial strains, designated strains ECD14T and EC2D5T, were isolated from a seaweed Eckloniacava. The isolates required sea salts for growth. Flexirubin-type and carotenoid pigment was produced. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two new strains was 95.5 %. Flavivirga amylovorans JC2681T was the nearest neighbour of strains ECD14T and EC2D5T with 96.5 and 96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The common major fatty acids and respiratory quinones were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and unknown 13.565 and menaquinone 6 (MK-6), respectively. The common major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown amino lipid and an unknown lipid. The DNA G+C contents of strains ECD14T and EC2D5T were 33 and 31 mol%, respectively. On the basis of the polyphasic characterization of the two strains, it is suggested that the two isolates represent novel species of the genus Flavivirga , for which the names Flavivirga eckloniae sp. nov. (type strain, ECD14T=KCTC 52352T=JCM 31797T) and Flavivirga aquimarina sp. nov. (type strain, EC2D5T=KCTC 52353T=JCM 31796T) are proposed.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile and pale yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated as HY03T, was isolated from mountain soil. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain HY03T belonged to the family Chitinophagaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes and was most closely related to Flaviaesturariibacter amylovorans GCR0105T at a similarity of 95.4 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain HY03T was 43.2 mol%. The major fatty acids of the isolate were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile of strain HY03T consisted of the major compound phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate amounts of an unknown aminophospholipid, unknown phospholipids and unknown lipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicated that strain HY03T represents a novel species within the genus Flaviaesturariibacter , for which the name Flaviaesturariibacter terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HY03T (=KCTC 52511T=JCM 31723T).

Strain HY02T was isolated from a soil sample collected at Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Cells of this strain were observed to be Gram-stain-negative, short and rod-shaped. Colonies were red in colour. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified this strain as a member of the genus Adhaeribacter in the family Cytophagaceae , with the highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Adhaeribacter terreus DNG6T (98.08 %). This strain was positive for oxidase but negative for catalase activity and acid production from glucose. Growth of strain HY02T was observed at 15–30 °C, pH 7–8 and in the presence of 0–1 % NaCl. The isolate contained MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone, and C18 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 4 (anteiso-C17 : 1 B/iso-C17 : 1 I) and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain HY02T was 44.0 mol%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain HY02T with the genus Adhaeribacter . However, strain HY02T exhibited a relatively low level of DNA–DNA relatedness with A. terreus (16.3±3.5 %). Based on its phenotypic and genotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain HY02T should be considered a representative of a novel species in the genus Adhaeribacter , for which the name Adhaeribacter terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HY02T (=KCTC 52512T=JCM 31652T).

A Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, non-gliding bacterial strain, designated as NPT, was isolated from lake water and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Colonies of strain NP5T were light-yellow-coloured, circular with regular margins, and opaque. Cells were rods, 0.2–0.5 µm wide and 1.2–3.0 µm long. Strain NP5T possessed β-glycosidase activity, which was responsible for its ability to convert ginsenosides Rb1, Rc and Rd (three main active components of ginseng) to ginsenoside F2. Phylogenetic study based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence put strain NP5T in a distinct lineage in the family Flavobacteriaceae , sharing less than 96.0 % sequence similarity with members of the closely related genera Chryseobacterium , Bergeyella , Epilithonimonas and 'Candidatus Amoebinatus'. The novel isolate showed the highest sequence similarity with the genus Chryseobacterium . Strain NP5T contained MK-6 as predominant quinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, C18 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c (summed feature 3) as major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 44.8 mol%. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The physiological, biochemical and taxonomical characteristics allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain NP5T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. On the basis of the evidence of this polyphasic study, isolate NP5T represents a novel genus and species in the family Flavobacteriaceae for which the name Daejeonia ginsenosidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NP5T (=KACC 18626T=LMG 29198T).

Nine novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains belonged to the Bacillus cereus group, sharing over 97 % similarity with the known species of this group, and less than 95 % similarity with other species of the genus Bacillus . Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that they formed nine robust and well-separated branches from the known species. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the nine strains were, respectively, below the 70 and 96 % threshold values for species definition, and between each strain and the known type strains of this group were also below the two threshold values. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH and ANI values among these strains, these bacteria are assigned to the following nine novel species of the B. cereus group: Bacillus paranthracis sp. nov., type strain Mn5T (=MCCC 1A00395T=KCTC 33714T=LMG 28873T); Bacillus pacificus sp. nov., type strain EB422T (=MCCC 1A06182T=KCTC 33858T); Bacillus tropicus sp. nov., type strain N24T (=MCCC 1A01406T=KCTC 33711T=LMG 28874T); Bacillus albus sp. nov., type strain N35-10-2T (=MCCC 1A02146T=KCTC 33710T=LMG 28875T); Bacillus mobilis sp. nov., type strain 0711P9-1T (=MCCC 1A05942T=KCTC 33717T=LMG 28877T); Bacillus luti sp. nov., type strain TD41T (=MCCC 1A00359T=KCTC 33716T=LMG 28872T); Bacillus proteolyticus sp. nov., type strain TD42T (=MCCC 1A00365T=KCTC 33715T=LMG 28870T); Bacillus nitratireducens sp. nov., type strain 4049T (=MCCC 1A00732T=KCTC 33713T=LMG 28871T); and Bacillus paramycoides sp. nov., type strain NH24A2T (=MCCC 1A04098T=KCTC 33709T=LMG 28876T).

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium designated as SYP-B691T was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SYP-B691T clearly represented a member of the genus Bacillus and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity lower than 97.0 % with the type strains of species of the genus Bacillus , which indicates that it should be considered as a candidate novel species within this genus. The optimum growth of the strain was found to occur at 37 °C and pH 7.0–9.0. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 45.2 mol%. It contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid. MK-7 was the only menaquinone identified. The major cellular fatty acids of SYP-B691T were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, SYP-B691T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus notoginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with SYP-B691T(=DSM 29196T=JCM 30743T) as the type strain.