-
Volume 30,
Issue 3,
1980
Volume 30, Issue 3, 1980
- Book Reviews
-
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
-
-
-
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Reassociation in the Classification of the Genus Rhodococcus Zopf 1891 (Approved Lists, 1980)
More LessWe determined the degree of binding between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) preparations from representative rhodococci and thymine-labeled DNAs (derived from labeled uracil) from the following six reference strains: Rhodococcus coprophilus (Approved Lists, 1980) strain N744, R. corallinys (Bergey et al. 1923) Goodfellow and Alderson 1979 (Approved Lists, 1980) strain N657, R. equi (Approved Lists, 1980) strain C7, R. rhodochrous (Approved Lists, 1980) strain N54, R. ruber (Approved Lists, 1980) strain N361, and R. rubropertinctus (Hefferan 1904) Goodfellow and Alderson 1979 (Approved Lists, 1980) strain N4. Although the congruence between the DNA reassociation and earlier numerical phenetic data was good, there was evidence that some strains had been misclassified in the numerical phenetic study. In particular, strains labeled R. corallinus (including the type strain of R. corallinus) and R. rubropertinctus belonged to a single DNA homology group. The former name is thus a later, subjective synonym of the latter. The guanine plus cytosine contents of the DNAs of the rhodococci fell within the range of 65 to 73 mo1%.
-
-
-
-
Taxonomic Probability Matrix for Use With Slowly Growing Mycobacteria
More LessA probability matrix for identification was developed from data derived from a series of cooperative studies of slowly growing mycobacteria. The matrix includes feature frequencies exhibited by 14 numerical taxonomy clusters in 34 tests. The clusters correspond to 13 defined species. The matrix is designed primarily to screen strains either for membership in 1 of the 14 taxa or for exclusion from these taxa and, thus, to determine whether the strains are in need of further characterization. The matrix was used in the analysis of 298 strains. Two related parameters were used as decision thresholds. First, the probability of the most likely taxon must be 99 times greater than that of the second most likely taxon. Second, the absolute likelihood of the strain being in the most likely taxon must be at least 0.01 times that of a “perfect” strain of the taxon. By using these thresholds and additional judgments, 83 strains were found to be appropriate for further study, with a likelihood that 53% of these strains belong to unrepresented taxa.
-
-
-
Biological and Chemical Bases for the Reclassification of Brevibacterium vitarumen (Bechdel et al.) Breed (Approved Lists, 1980) as Corynebacterium vitarumen (Bechdel et al.) comb. nov. and Brevibacterium liquefaciens Okabayashi and Masuo (Approved Lists, 1980) as Corynebacterium liquefaciens (Okabayashi and Masuo) comb. nov.
More LessOn the basis of their biological properties (cell morphology, staining reaction, cellular inclusions, guanine plus cytosine content of deoxyribonucleic acid, genome size, degree of deoxyribonucleic acid homology with Corynebacterium diphtheriae [Approved Lists, 1980] strain PW8, pattern of enzymic capacities) and chemical structures (peptidoglycan type, major cell wall polysaccharide, characteristic fatty acids, major phospholipids and glycolipids), two brevibacteria are transferred to the genus Corynebacterium. Brevibacterium vitarumen (Bechdel, Honeywell, Dutcher, and Knutsen) Breed (Approved Lists, 1980) is transferred as Corynebacterium vitarumen (Bechdel, Honeywell, Dutcher, and Knutsen) comb. nov., and Brevibacterium liquefaciens Okabayashi and Masuo (Approved Lists, 1980) is transferred as Corynebacterium liquefaciens (Okabayashi and Masuo) comb. nov.
-
-
-
Frateuria, a New Genus for “Acetobacter aurantius”
More LessThe properties and taxonomic positions of 11 strains previously identified as members of “Acetobacter aurantius Kondô and Ameyama” (this name is not on the Approved Lists) were reexamined. For each we determined about 100 phenotypic features, the protein gel electropherograms, and the parameters of deoxyribonucleic acid:14C-ribosomal ribonucleic acid (DNA:[14C]rRNA) hybrids. The 11 strains fell into three taxonomically distinct groups. Strain IFO 3248 was the only one which belonged in Acetobacter. Strain IFO 3246 was an atypical Gluconobacter. The remaining nine strains formed a tight cluster, with very similar phenotypic features and protein gel electropherograms. Taxonomically, this cluster is quite removed from Gluconobacter and Acetobacter, and the properties of its DNA:rRNA hybrids suggest that it is closer to Pseudomonas Section I (R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons [ed.], Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed.) and Xanthomonas. We propose the name Frateuria gen. nov. for this cluster, with Frateuria aurantia sp. nov. as the type species and IFO 3245 as the type strain. An extensive phenotypic description and minimal standards of the new genus are given, as is the phenotypic differentiation from Gluconobacter and Acetobacter.
-
-
-
Method for Determining Anaerobic Fermentation of Mannitol by Staphylococci
More LessThe effects of different media constituents and methods of achieving anaerobiosis were determined. Best results were obtained with a liquid medium containing a protein digest, yeast extract, and bromocresol purple and with a Vaspar seal for maintaining anaerobiosis. The major problem encountered was inhibition of mannitol fermentation in some cultures when alcoholic stock solutions of bromocresol purple were used in preparation of the media.
-
-
-
Genetic Heterogeneity in Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977 (Approved Lists, 1980) and Proposal of Bacteroides gingivalis sp. nov. and Bacteroides macacae (Slots and Genco) comb. nov.
More LessStrains of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977 (Approved Lists, 1980) which had been isolated from human mouths, most often from periodontal pockets, showed remarkably little deoxyribonucleic acid base sequence homology with the deoxyribonucleic acid of strains of the same species which were isolated from nonoral sites. In addition, four strains of catalase-positive Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. macacae Slots and Genco 1980 isolated from periodontal pockets in monkeys were distinct from B. asaccharolyticus. With deoxyribonucleic acid immobilized on membrane filters and index deoxyribonucleic acid made radioactive by translation repair with [3H] thymidine triphosphate, we found that the deoxyribonucleic acid homology among the three groups could readily be distinguished by their deoxyribonucleic acid base contents. The nonoral strains had 51 to 52 mol% guanine plus cytosine, the human oral strains had 46.5 to 48.5 mol% guanine plus cytosine, and the monkey catalase-positive strains had 42 to 43 mol% guanine plus cytosine in their deoxyribonucleic acids. Some strains which fit the species description of B. asaccharolyticus were not genetically related to the three groups. A new species, Bacteroides gingivalis sp. nov., which comprises those strains that resemble B. asaccharolyticus but have 46.5 to 48.5 mol% guanine plus cytosine, is described. These strains can also be distinguished serologically and by their production of phenylacetic acid. The type strain is Slots’ strain 2561 (=ATCC 33277). Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. macacae, which is comprised of the monkey isolates which resemble B. asaccharolyticus but which have a guanine plus cytosine content of 42 to 43 mol% and give a positive catalase reaction, is elevated to species status. Its name is thus Bacteroides macacae (Slots and Genco) comb. nov. The type strain of this species is Slots’ strain 7728-L6C (=ATCC 33141).
-
-
-
Actinomadura macra sp. nov., the Producer of Antibiotics CP-47, 433 and CP-47, 434
More LessA new species of Actinomadura Lechevalier and Lechevalier is described, for which the name Actinomadura macra is proposed. It is characterized by white, pale gray, or grayish aerial mycelia, straight, flexuous, hooked to coiled (once or twice) short spore chains, and spores with a smooth surface. The type strain of A. macra is Pfizer FD 25934 (=ATCC 31286).
-
-
-
Enterobacter sakazakii: A New Species of “Enterobacteriaceae” Isolated from Clinical Specimens
Enterobacter sakazakii is the name proposed for the organism previously known as “yellow-pigmented Enterobacter cloacae.” The type strain (holotype) of this species is ATCC 29544. The proposed change in the classification of this organism is based on differences between E. cloacae and E. sakazakii in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization, biochemical reactions, pigment production, and antibiotic susceptibility. By DNA hybridization, E. sakazakii was about 50% related to E. cloacae, Citrobacter diversus (“Citrobacter intermedius” biotype b), and “Citrobacter amalonaticus” (“Citrobacter intermedius” biotype a). The new species was placed in Enterobacter rather than Citrobacter because of its closer phenotypic and DNA similarity to E. cloacae, the type species of the genus Enterobacter, and because it was only 41% related by DNA hybridization to Citrobacter freundii, the type species of Citrobacter. E. sakazakii had biochemical reactions very similar to those of E. cloacae but was d-sorbitol negative and positive for extracellular deoxyribonuclease at 2 to 7 days and produced yellow-pigmented colonies. E. sakazakii had larger zones of inhibition around ampicillin and cephalothin antibiotic disks, which also helps to differentiate it from E. cloacae. E. sakazakii grew on the nonselective (but differential) plating media commonly used in enteric bacteriology, but its plating efficiency was reduced on more inhibitory enteric plating media. It has been isolated from human clinical specimens such as sputum, feces, and wounds, where it is probably only a colonizer and not clinically significant. However, it is also a documented, although rare, cause of neonatal meningitis. Other sources have included food, a physician’s stethoscope, and an uninoculated blood culture bottle.
-
-
-
Interchange of Abbreviations and Full Generic Names in Computers
More LessPreviously, we published a list of abbreviations for genus names of bacteria. We now present the guidelines used for abbreviation construction, an expanded list of codes used for parts of genus names, and an improved list of abbreviations. An appendix contains a discussion of some methods for searching lists of abbreviations and an indication of the relative merits of the search methods.
-
-
-
Revival of the Names Spirochaeta litoralis, Spirochaeta zuelzerae, and Spirochaeta aurantia
More LessThe names Spirochaeta litoralis Hespell and Canale-Parola; Spirochaeta zuelzerae (Veldkamp) Canale-Parola, Udris, and Mandel; and Spirochaeta aurantia Vinzent, which were inexplicably omitted from the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, are revived and validly published as specified in Rules 27 and 28a and Provisional Rules B2 and B3 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria.
-
-
-
Prosthecobacter fusiformis gen. and sp. nov., nom. rev.
More LessThe names Prosthecobacter Staley et al. and Prosthecobacter fusiformis Staley et al., were not included in the recently published Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and hence have no standing in bacteriological nomenclature. However, these names are here revived for the same organisms with which they were originally associated and, by this action, now have valid status.
-
- Original Papers Relating To The Systematics Of Yeasts
-
-
-
Candida mucilagina, a New Species of Yeast Found in Decaying Cladodes of Opuntia inermis and in Necrotic Tissue of Cereoid Cacti
More LessA new species of Candida has been recovered 40 times from necrotic cactus tissue occurring in widely separated geographic areas. The organism has been named Candida mucilagina because of the extremely slimy, almost watery appearance of its colonies on solid media. Eleven strains were isolated in Baja California Sur, Mexico, where its principal host plant was Stenocereus gummosis (agria), and 29 strains came from rotting cladodes of Opuntia inermis in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. The base composition of the nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid of C. mucilagina is 43.2 to 44.0 mol% (range of five strains). The type strain of C. mucilagina is UCD-FS&T 76-236C (= ATCC 42174 = CBS 7071).
-
-
- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
-
- Errata
-
Volumes and issues
-
Volume 75 (2025)
-
Volume 74 (2024)
-
Volume 73 (2023)
-
Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
-
Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
-
Volume 70 (2020)
-
Volume 69 (2019)
-
Volume 68 (2018)
-
Volume 67 (2017)
-
Volume 66 (2016)
-
Volume 65 (2015)
-
Volume 64 (2014)
-
Volume 63 (2013)
-
Volume 62 (2012)
-
Volume 61 (2011)
-
Volume 60 (2010)
-
Volume 59 (2009)
-
Volume 58 (2008)
-
Volume 57 (2007)
-
Volume 56 (2006)
-
Volume 55 (2005)
-
Volume 54 (2004)
-
Volume 53 (2003)
-
Volume 52 (2002)
-
Volume 51 (2001)
-
Volume 50 (2000)
-
Volume 49 (1999)
-
Volume 48 (1998)
-
Volume 47 (1997)
-
Volume 46 (1996)
-
Volume 45 (1995)
-
Volume 44 (1994)
-
Volume 43 (1993)
-
Volume 42 (1992)
-
Volume 41 (1991)
-
Volume 40 (1990)
-
Volume 39 (1989)
-
Volume 38 (1988)
-
Volume 37 (1987)
-
Volume 36 (1986)
-
Volume 35 (1985)
-
Volume 34 (1984)
-
Volume 33 (1983)
-
Volume 32 (1982)
-
Volume 31 (1981)
-
Volume 30 (1980)
-
Volume 29 (1979)
-
Volume 28 (1978)
-
Volume 27 (1977)
-
Volume 26 (1976)
-
Volume 25 (1975)
-
Volume 24 (1974)
-
Volume 23 (1973)
-
Volume 22 (1972)
-
Volume 21 (1971)
-
Volume 20 (1970)
-
Volume 19 (1969)
-
Volume 18 (1968)
-
Volume 17 (1967)
-
Volume 16 (1966)
-
Volume 15 (1965)
-
Volume 14 (1964)
-
Volume 13 (1963)
-
Volume 12 (1962)
-
Volume 11 (1961)
-
Volume 10 (1960)
-
Volume 9 (1959)
-
Volume 8 (1958)
-
Volume 7 (1957)
-
Volume 6 (1956)
-
Volume 5 (1955)
-
Volume 4 (1954)
-
Volume 3 (1953)
-
Volume 2 (1952)
-
Volume 1 (1951)
Most Read This Month
