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Volume 124,
Issue 2,
1981
Volume 124, Issue 2, 1981
- Physiology And Growth
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Presence of Cysteic Acid in the Sporangium and its Metabolic Pathway during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B558
More LessCells of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B558 at early stages of sporulation contained considerable amounts of cysteic acid. The cell cysteic acid content began to increase at the onset of sporulation and was maximal when synthesis of dipicolinic acid commenced; it then decreased as sporulation advanced. Cysteic acid was synthesized from cysteine and metabolized to sulpholactate in the mother-cell cytoplasm, and the sulpholactate was then incorporated into the forespore. This metabolic change is considered to be a general phenomenon in spore-formers that contain sulpholactate in their spores.
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- Short Communication
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Peptide Transport in Staphylococcus aureus
More LessSummary: Using the agar diffusion test of Zähner et al. (1960 ), it was demonstrated that bacilysin and a variety of di- and tri-l-peptides compete with each other for uptake into Staphylococcus aureus. Several di- and tripeptides containing l-phenylalanine produced transient growth inhibition of S. aureus NCTC 6571, but not of bacilysin-resistant mutants. The results confirm that the major peptide transport system in S. aureus recognizes both di- and tripeptides as substrates.
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Loss of Norsolorinic Acid and Aflatoxin Production by a Mutant of Aspergillus parasiticus
More LessSummary: A mutant strain of Aspergillus parasiticus that accumulated the red mycelial pigment norsolorinic acid and low levels of aflatoxin was subjected to serial transfer in defined media. The isolation of unpigmented, non-aflatoxigenic forms was associated with conditions in which the inocula for serial transfers contained hyphae rather than conidia, but was not associated with either zinc deficiency or the presence of barium in the medium. The unpigmented, non-aflatoxigenic variants were stable.
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Rapid Methods for the Study of both Stable and Unstable Plasmids in Pseudomonas
More LessSummary: Rapid methods for the analysis of degradative plasmids in Pseudomonas are described. Bacterial lysates prepared with alkaline sodium dodecyl sulphate were vigorously stirred in the presence of antifoam agent. Samples were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis to detect plasmid DNA. After a short period of centrifugation on a sucrose gradient, the lysates yielded plasmid DNA of sufficient purity for restriction endonuclease digestion without further treatment. The methods have proved most useful in the extraction of previously undetected plasmid DNA, some of which appears to be unstable.
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An Indigenous System of Gene Transfer in the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas morsprunorum
More LessSummary: A fertility system has been discovered in the phytopathogen Pseudomonas morsprunorum. The recovery of recombinants carrying both selected and unselected genetic markers from crosses indicated that relatively large segments of bacterial chromosome may have been transferred. Fertility was restricted to particular combinations of strains. The system may represent an important means of genetic recombination in the natural environment.
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- Taxonomy
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The Isolation and Characterization of Streptococcus mutans Serotype h from Dental Plaque of Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
More LessSummary: A new serotype (h) of Streptococcus mutans was isolated from the dental plaque of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Serotype h strains fermented mannitol and melibiose but not sorbitol or raffinose, failed to hydrolyse aesculin and arginine, did not produce hydrogen peroxide and were unable to grow in the presence of bacitracin at 2 units ml−1. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins showed serotype h strains to be closely related to strains of genetic group III (i.e. serotypes d and g). The serotype-specific antigen of serotype h contained glucose and galactose but was antigenically distinct from the polysaccharide antigens of serotypes a, d and g. Serotype h strains preferentially colonized developmental grooves of teeth and the proportion of serotype h in the plaque flora was greater in monkeys fed a sucrose-rich diet than in monkeys fed a starch-based diet. A serotype h strain was cariogenic for germ-free rats fed a high-sucrose diet, and serotype h strains appear to be implicated in the caries process in monkeys.
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