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Volume 128,
Issue 6,
1982
Volume 128, Issue 6, 1982
- Taxonomy
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The Construction by Computer of a Diagnostic Key to the Genera of Yeasts and Other Such Groups of Taxa
More LessGroups of taxa such as genera, or groups derived from some forms of cluster analysis, may have insufficient test results that are constant within the groups to allow diagnostic keys and tables to be constructed in the usual way. This paper describes how the usual methods can be adapted to allow construction based on information about the individual group members, instead of on the overall group information. A new key to the genera of yeasts is constructed by these modified methods.
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Reclassification of ‘Corynebacterium haemolyticum’ (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) in the Genus Arcanobacterium gen.nov. as Arcanobacterium haemolyticum nom.rev., comb.nov
More Less‘Corynebacterium haemolyticum’ (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) differs to such an extent from the type species of Corynebacterium, C. diphtheriae (Lehmann & Neumann), that it should be removed from this genus. Chemical and numerical phenetic data indicate that C. haemolyticum is a distinct taxon worthy of generic status. A new genus, Arcanobacterium, is described for the species A. haemolyticum (MacLean, Liebow & Rosenberg) nov.rev., comb.nov. The genus is tentatively placed within the coryneform group of bacteria. The type species of the genus is Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and the type strain is ATCC 9345.
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Numerical and Chemical Classification of Nocardia amarae
More LessTwenty-one strains of Nocardia amarae and marker cultures of Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and the ‘aurantiaca’ taxon were subjected to numerical phenetic analyses using 92 unit characters. The data were examined using the simple matching (S SM), Jaccard (S J) and pattern (D p) coefficients and clustering was achieved using the unweighted average linkage algorithm. Neither cluster nor aggregate cluster composition was markedly affected by the coefficient used or by test error, estimated at 1·5%. The N. amarae strains formed a distinct and homogeneous cluster which showed its highest similarity to phena equated with Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia brasiliensis and Nocardia otitidis-caviarum. The non-hydroxylated fatty acid composition and overall size of the mycolic acids was similar to that found to be characteristic of Nocardia sensu stricto, though the long-chain in the 2-position of the mycolic acids was relatively much richer in monounsaturated components. Nocardia amarae, in containing dihydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units, is clearly distinguished from established representatives of Nocardia.
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Classification of Mycobacterium farcinogenes and Mycobacterium senegalense by Immunodiffusion and Thin-layer Chromatography of Long-chain Components
More LessComparative immunodiffusion studies and thin-layer chromatographic analyses of whole-organism acid methanolysates were performed on 37 strains of Mycobacterium farcinogenes, Mycobacterium senegalense and Nocardia farcinica. The latter were clearly distinguished from the mycobacteria in containing a single mycolic acid methyl ester and showing more precipitinogens with nocardial than with mycobacterial and rhodococcal reference systems. The distribution of precipitinogens showed that M. farcinogenes and M. senegalense were very closely related and that both showed a greater affinity to Mycobacterium fortuitum than to any of the other established species of Mycobacterium tested. The complex pattern of a-mycolates and characteristic polar mycolates found in both M. farcinogenes and M. senegalense has only previously been found in M. fortuitum and Mycobacterium smegmatis.
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