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A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (MH96T) was isolated from diseased larvae of the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain MH96T is a member of the genus Yersinia, which is a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria. The most similar 16S rRNA gene sequence to that of MH96T is that of the type strain of Yersinia mollaretii (98.5 % similarity) followed by those of the type strains of Yersinia aldovae, Y. frederiksenii and Y. rohdei (all 98.4 % similarity). Multilocus sequence typing of five housekeeping genes (dnaJ, glnA, gyrB, groEL and recA) identified Yersinia ruckeri (81–92 % similarity) as the closest relative. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain MH96T from the four most closely related Yersinia species with validly published names, including a Y. ruckeri isolate. Strain MH96T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Yersinia entomophaga sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain MH96T ( = DSM 22339T = ATCC BAA-1678T).
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