- Volume 61, Issue 4, 2011

A novel strain, designated EUM 374T, was isolated from the root of a native Australian eucalyptus tree, Eucalyptus microcarpa, and subjected to a range of morphological, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses. The strain was Gram-reaction-positive with well-developed aerial mycelia, which fragmented into rod-shaped spores that had unique knobby protrusions on the spore surface. Substrate mycelia were not present in the media used. Strain EUM 374T grew as a film on the surface of static liquid culture medium but did not grow under shaking conditions. Phylogenetic evaluation based on 16S rRNA gene sequences identified the new isolate as belonging to the family Pseudonocardiaceae with sequence similarities of 96.1 and 96.3 % to Pseudonocardia acaciae GMKU095T and Pseudonocardia spinosispora LM 141T, respectively, and 93–96 % sequence similarity to other members of the genus Pseudonocardia. The results of comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, including physiological and biochemical tests, differentiated strain EUM 374T from related members of the genus Pseudonocardia. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain EUM 374T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which the name Pseudonocardia eucalypti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EUM 374T ( = DSM 45351T  = ACM 5285T).

Two actinomycetes, designated MN08-A0270T and MN08-A0297T, were isolated from soil from the area around Khuvsgul Lake, Khuvsgul province, Mongolia, and subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. They produced well-developed, branched substrate hyphae and, similar to closely related species of the genus Pseudonocardia, produced zigzag-shaped aerial hyphae by acropetal budding and blastospores. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains MN08-A0270T and MN08-A0297T formed two distinct clades within the genus Pseudonocardia and were respectively most closely related to Pseudonocardia yunnanensis NBRC 15681T (97.3 % similarity) and Pseudonocardia thermophila IMSNU 20112T (97.1 %). Chemotaxonomic characteristics, including cell-wall diaminopimelic acid, whole-cell sugars, fatty acid components and major menaquinones, suggested that the two organisms belonged to the genus Pseudonocardia. Strains MN08-A0270T and MN08-A0297T could be differentiated from each other and from closely related species of the genus Pseudonocardia by physiological and biochemical characteristics, predominant fatty acids, menaquinones and whole-cell sugar components. Combined with the results of a broad range of phenotypic tests and DNA–DNA hybridization data and phylogenetic analysis, these results support the conclusion that these strains represent two novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which we propose the names Pseudonocardia mongoliensis sp. nov. (type strain MN08-A0270T  = NBRC 105885T  = VTCC D9-25T) and Pseudonocardia khuvsgulensis sp. nov. (type strain MN08-A0297T  = NBRC 105886T  = VTCC D9-26T).

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinomycete strain, designated YIM 65601T, was studied by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain YIM 65601T should be assigned to the genus Nonomuraea, with highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Nonomuraea candida HMC10T (98.8 %), N. salmonea DSM 43678T (98.7 %), N. turkmeniaca DSM 43926T (98.5 %), N. roseola DSM 43767T (98.4 %), N. dietziae IFO 14309T (98.2 %) and N. kuesteri GW 14-1925T (98.1 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to strains of other Nonomuraea species were below 98.0 %. Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of the isolate were consistent with those of members of the genus Nonomuraea. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests and fatty acid profiles allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain YIM 65601T from closely related species. Thus, YIM 65601T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea endophytica sp. nov. is proposed, with YIM 65601T ( = CCTCC AA 209037T  = DSM 45385T) as the type strain.

An actinomycete strain, DMKUA 205T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve in Nakhonratchasima Province, Thailand. The novel strain produced short chains of non-motile spores on the tips of long sporophores branching from the vegetative hyphae. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of this new isolate corresponded to those of members of the genus Herbidospora. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain was closely related to members of the genus Herbidospora. Phenotypic properties and DNA–DNA relatedness values differentiated the new strain from its closest phylogenetic relatives Herbidospora yilanensis 0351M-12T (35–54 % DNA–DNA relatedness) and Herbidospora daliensis 0385M-1T (58–65 % relatedness). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain DMKUA 205T could be clearly distinguished from the type strains of H. yilanensis and H. daliensis. Therefore, strain DMKUA 205T represents a novel species, for which the name Herbidospora sakaeratensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain DMKUA 205T ( = BCC 11662T = NBRC 102641T). In addition, the DNA–DNA hybridization results from this study revealed that Streptosporangium claviforme is a later synonym of Herbidospora cretacea.

Strain A2 is an anaerobic, variably Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, small and irregularly rod-shaped bacterium from the ruminal fluid of a sheep that has been described informally as a representative of ‘Olsenella (basonym Atopobium) oviles’. Three phenotypically similar bacterial strains (lac15, lac16 and lac31T) were isolated in concert with Veillonella magna lac18T from the mucosal jejunum of a pig. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains A2, lac15, lac16 and lac31T formed a genetically coherent group (100 % interstrain sequence similarity) within the bigeneric Olsenella–Atopobium branch of the family Coriobacteriaceae, class Actinobacteria. This group was most closely related to the type strains of the two recognized Olsenella species, namely Olsenella uli (sequence similarity of 96.85 %) and Olsenella profusa (sequence similarity of 97.20 %). The sequence similarity to the type strain of Atopobium minutum, the type species of the genus Atopobium, was 92.33 %. Unlike those of O. uli and O. profusa, outgrown colonies of strains A2, lac15, lac16 and lac31T were opaque and greyish-white with an umbonate elevation on solid culture media. The four novel strains were characterized as being well-adapted and presumably indigenous to the gastrointestinal tract of homoeothermic vertebrates: they were mesophilic, microaerotolerant, neutrophilic and acidotolerant, bile-resistant, mucin-utilizing and markedly peptidolytic lactic acid bacteria. The results of DNA–DNA hybridizations, cellular fatty acid analysis and other differential phenotypic (physiological and biochemical) tests confirmed that strains A2, lac15, lac16 and lac31T represent a novel species of the genus Olsenella. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic results, we therefore describe Olsenella umbonata sp. nov., with lac31T ( = CCUG 58604T  = DSM 22620T  = JCM 16156T) as the type strain and A2 ( = CCUG 58212  = DSM 22619  = JCM 16157) as an additionally available reference strain. Also, based on our data, we propose emended descriptions of the genus Olsenella and the species Olsenella uli and Olsenella profusa.

A novel actinomycete, strain KZ0017T, was isolated from a forest soil collected in Ohnuma, Fukushima, Japan. Strain KZ0017T formed spore chains borne on top of short sporophores arising from vegetative hyphae. Spores were non-motile and cylindrical with smooth surfaces. Strain KZ0017T contained meso-diaminopimelic (A2pm) acid, 3-OH A2pm, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and xylose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose and ribose in cell-wall hydrolysates. The acyl type of the cell-wall polysaccharides was glycolyl. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6); MK-10(H8) was a minor component. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and several unknown lipids and glycolipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. The DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate formed a monophyletic cluster with the single member of the genus Longispora in the family Micromonosporaceae. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain KZ0017T represents a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora fulva sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is KZ0017T ( = NBRC 105670T = DSM 45356T).

Two actinomycete strains, ID05-A0653T and ID06-A0464T, were isolated from soils of West Timor and Lombok island, respectively, in Indonesia. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly demonstrated that the isolates belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae and were closely related to the genus Actinophytocola. Strains ID05-A0653T and ID06-A0464T exhibited 98.1 and 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively, with Actinophytocola oryzae GMKU 367T. The isolates grew well on ISP media and produced white aerial mycelium. Short spore chains were formed directly on the substrate mycelium. The isolates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose as cell-wall components, MK-9(H4) as the sole isoprenoid quinone, iso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acid and phosphatidylethanolamine as the diagnostic polar lipid. The DNA G+C contents of strains ID05-A0653T and ID06-A0464T were 69.7 and 71.2 mol%, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA–DNA relatedness and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strains ID05-A0653T and ID06-A0464T each represent a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola, for which the names Actinophytocola timorensis sp. nov. (type strain ID05-A0653T  = BTCC B-673T  = NBRC 105524T) and Actinophytocola corallina sp. nov. (type strain ID06-A0464T  = BTCC B-674T  = NBRC 105525T) are proposed.

A novel actinomycete that was capable of degrading poly(l-lactic acid), strain CMU-PLA07T, was isolated from soil in northern Thailand. Strain CMU-PLA07T had biochemical, chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Amycolatopsis. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate formed a phyletic line within the genus Amycolatopsis. Strain CMU-PLA07T was most similar to Amycolatopsis coloradensis IMSNU 22096T (99.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Amycolatopsis alba DSM 44262T (99.4 %). However, strain CMU-PLA07T was distinguishable from the type strains of species of the genus Amycolatopsis on the basis of DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic data. Therefore, strain CMU-PLA07T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name Amycolatopsis thailandensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CMU-PLA07T ( = JCM 16380T = BCC 38279T).

A novel halotolerant, alkaliphilic, humic acid-reducing bacterium, designated MFC-5T, was isolated from a microbial fuel cell that was fed continuously with artificial wastewater (pH 10.0). Cells were Gram-positive-staining, facultatively anaerobic, non-fermentative, non-motile rods and had a G+C content of 59.0 mol%. Microbial growth was observed with <13 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10 %), at pH 7.0–11.0 (optimum pH 9.0) and at 25–45 °C (optimum 37 °C). Strain MFC-5T was active in the anaerobic reduction of a humic acid analogue, anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate, with lactate, formate, acetate, ethanol or sucrose as the electron donor. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c (42.68 %), C16 : 0 (33.69 %), C18 : 0 (7.56 %), C17 : 1ω8c (5.14 %) and C17 : 0 (3.39 %). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that strain MFC-5T displayed >3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence from its closest relatives. Based on phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic analysis, a novel species, Corynebacterium humireducens sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is MFC-5T ( = NBRC 106098T  = CGMCC 2452T  = DSM 45392T).

A Gram-positive actinobacterium, designated M24DS4T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Aomi, Tokyo, Japan, using the membrane-filter method. Strain M24DS4T exhibited low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.1 %) with Streptomyces scabrisporus NBRC 100760T. Cell hydrolysates contained the ll-isomer of diaminopimelic acid and the predominant quinones were MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6). The genomic DNA G+C content was 75 mol%. Comparison of the characteristics of strain M24DS4T and related members of the genus Streptomyces with validly published names showed that the strain represents a novel species of the genus, for which the name Streptomyces aomiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M24DS4T ( = NBRC 106164T  = KACC 14925T).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain RM287T, was isolated from surface-sterilized roots of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., collected from Bangkok, Thailand. The status of the novel strain was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism formed a distinct phyletic line within the radiation of the genus Amycolatopsis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain RM287T was most closely related to Amycolatopsis mediterranei IMSNU 20056T (97.4 %), A. rifamycinica DSM 46095T (97.2 %), A. kentuckyensis NRRL B-24129T (97.2 %), A. pretoriensis DSM 44654T (97 %) and A. australiensis DSM 44671T (97 %). The novel organism was found to have chemical properties typical of members of the genus Amycolatopsis such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the dignostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 iso-C15 : 0, iso 2-OH-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 71.7 mol%. Phenotypic data clearly distinguished the novel isolate from its closest relatives. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain RM287T represented a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis. The proposed name for this organism is Amycolatopsis samaneae sp. nov., with the type strain RM287T ( = TISTR 1919T = BCC 35842T = NBRC 106095T).

A Gram-positive, irregular rod-shaped, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, strain JG 31T, was isolated in the course of identifying chromium-resistant soil bacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the isolated bacterium indicated its phylogenetic position within the genus Leucobacter. Binary 16S rRNA gene sequence alignments of the isolated bacterium with the 11 species of the genus recognized at the time of writing revealed sequence similarities of more than 97 % with Leucobacter alluvii (GenBank accession no: AM072820; 99.4 %), Leucobacter iarius (AM040493; 98.2 %), Leucobacter aridicollis (AJ781047; 97.8 %), Leucobacter komagatae (AB007419; 97.4 %), Leucobacter chironomi (EU346911; 97.1 %) and Leucobacter luti (AM072819; 97.1 %). In contrast, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed similarity values below 28 % for DNA samples from the most closely related type strains of L. alluvii, L. aridicollis and L. iarius. Protein analysis by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and automated RiboPrinting using the restriction enzyme PvuII differentiated strain JG 31T from all type strains of the genus Leucobacter. The dominant fatty acids of the novel isolate were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, while the quinone system consisted of menaquinones MK-11, MK-10, MK-9 and MK-8. In a B-type cross-linked peptidoglycan, the cell-wall amino acids were alanine, glycine, threonine, glutamic acid and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. Strain JG 31T was able to grow in a medium containing up to 300 mM K2CrO4 and showed cellular aggregation in response to chromate stress. From biochemical and genomic analyses, the new strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter chromiiresistens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain JG 31T ( = DSM 22788T  = CCOS 200T).

A halotolerant actinomycete strain, designated XJEEM 11063T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-western China. Strain XJEEM 11063T grew at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0), between 10 and 40 °C (optimal growth at 28–37 °C) and at salinities of 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimal growth at 0–5 %, w/v). The peptidoglycan type was A4α, and the whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, mannose and arabinose. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two unknown phospholipids and three unknown glycolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. The chemotaxonomic properties supported the affiliation of strain XJEEM 11063T to the genus Myceligenerans. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans xiligouense XLG9A10.2T (98.3 %) and Myceligenerans crystallogenes DSM 17134T (97.0 %). However, it had relatively low values for DNA–DNA relatedness with the above strains (56.0 % and 47.5 %, respectively). Thus, on the basis of the results from this study, a novel species, Myceligenerans halotolerans sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is XJEEM 11063T ( = DSM 21949T = CCTCC AA 208063T).

Two novel cold-tolerant, Gram-stain-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, LI2T and LI3T, were isolated from moss-covered soil from Livingston Island, Antarctica, near the Bulgarian station St Kliment Ohridski. A rod–coccus cycle was observed for both strains. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed an affiliation to the genus Arthrobacter, with the highest similarity to Arthrobacter stackebrandtii and Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus for strain LI2T (97.8 and 97.7 % similarity to the respective type strains) and to Arthrobacter kerguelensis and Arthrobacter psychrophenolicus for strain LI3T (97.4 and 97.3 % similarity to the respective type strains). The growth temperature range was −6 to 28 °C for LI2T and −6 to 24 °C for LI3T, with an optimum at 16 °C for both strains. Growth occurred at 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimum growth at 0–1 % (w/v) for LI2T and 0.5–3 % (w/v) for LI3T. The pH range for growth was pH 4–9.5 with an optimum of pH 8 for LI2T and pH 6.5 for LI3T. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 for LI2T and anteiso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 0 for LI3T. Physiological and biochemical tests clearly differentiated strain LI2T from A. stackebrandtii and A. psychrochitiniphilus and strain LI3T from A. kerguelensis and A. psychrophenolicus. Therefore, two novel species within the genus Arthrobacter are proposed: Arthrobacter livingstonensis sp. nov. (type strain LI2T  = DSM 22825T  = NCCB 100314T) and Arthrobacter cryotolerans sp. nov. (type strain LI3T  = DSM 22826T  = NCCB 100315T).

Two extremely halophilic archaeal strains, designated TNN44T and TNN58T, were isolated from Tainan marine solar saltern near Lianyungang city, Jiangsu province, China. Cells of the two strains were pleomorphic and Gram-stain-negative; colonies were red-pigmented. Strains TNN44T and TNN58T were able to grow at 20–50 °C (optimum 37 °C for both), in the presence of 1.4–5.1 M NaCl (optimum 3.4–3.9 M NaCl) and at pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum pH 6.5–7.0); neither strain required Mg2+ for growth. Cells lysed in distilled water. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains TNN44T and TNN58T were related closely to Halogranum rubrum RO2-11T (96.2 and 97.2 % similarity, respectively). The polar lipids of the two strains were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (trace), and one major glycolipid and one minor glycolipid chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether and mannosyl glucosyl diether, respectively; other trace unidentified lipids were also detected. The DNA G+C content of strains TNN44T and TNN58T was 64.0 and 62.0 mol%, respectively. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strains TNN44T and TNN58T was 37.2 %, and these two strains showed a low level of DNA–DNA relatedness with Halogranum rubrum RO2-11T (40.6 and 44.4 %, respectively). Two novel species of the genus Halogranum are proposed to accommodate these two strains, Halogranum gelatinilyticum sp. nov. (type strain TNN44T  = CGMCC 1.10119T  = JCM 16426T) and Halogranum amylolyticum sp. nov. (type strain TNN58T  = CGMCC 1.10121T  = JCM 16428T).

A novel halophilic archaeon, strain KeC-11T, was isolated from a seawater aquarium at the Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan. The strain was aerobic, Gram-negative and chemo-organotrophic, growing optimally at 37 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in 2.7 M (16 %) NaCl. The strain required at least 10 mM magnesium ions for growth. Cells of strain KeC-11T were non-motile and generally irregular coccoids or discoids. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 67.7 mol%. Phylogenetic tree reconstructions indicated that it was distantly related to the other recognized members of the family Halobacteriaceae, with the closest relative being Natronomonas pharaonis GabaraT (91 % sequence similarity). The strain contained C20C20 and C20C25 diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, a glycolipid chromatographically identical to the glycosyl-mannosyl-glucosyl diether (TGD-2) and at least one unidentified glycolipid. Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic data support the placement of isolate KeC-11T in a novel species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, for which the name Halomarina oriensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is KeC-11T ( = JCM 16495T  = KCTC 4074T).

Halophilic archaeal strain TBN37T was isolated from Taibei marine solar saltern near Lianyungang city of Jiangsu province, China. Cells were pleomorphic, flat and contained gas vesicles. Cells of strain TBN37T stained Gram-negative and the colonies were pink-pigmented. The strain was able to grow at 25–50 °C (optimum, 37–40 °C), with 1.4–5.1 M NaCl (optimum, 2.1 M NaCl), with 0–1.0 M MgCl2 (optimum, 0.01 M MgCl2) and at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). Cells lysed in distilled water and the minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell lysis was 8 % (w/v). The major polar lipids of strain TBN37T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate and one major glycolipid chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-DGD-1). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain TBN37T was closely related to Haloplanus natans and Haloplanus vescus, with the same similarity of 97.4 %. The DNA G+C content of strain TBN37T is 64.1 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain TBN37T and Haloplanus natans JCM 14081T and between strain TBN37T and Haloplanus vescus RO5-8T were 37.6 % and 42.1 %, respectively. It was concluded that strain TBN37T represents a novel species of the genus Haloplanus, for which the name Haloplanus aerogenes sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TBN37T ( = CGMCC 1.10124T  = JCM 16430T).

Two strains of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacilli isolated from the human oral cavity were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were found to belong to two separate taxa. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains were both related to, but distinct from, the type strain of Prevotella melaninogenica. Two novel species, Prevotella fusca sp. nov. and Prevotella scopos sp. nov., are proposed to accommodate these strains. Both strains were saccharolytic and produced acetic and succinic acids, with lesser amounts of lactic and isovaleric acids, as end products of fermentation, and both were sensitive to 20 % bile. The principal cellular long-chain fatty acids of both strains were ai-C15 : 0, 3-OH i-C17 : 0, 3-OH C16 : 0, i-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The DNA G+C contents of the type strains of Prevotella fusca (W1435T  = DSM 22504T  = CCUG 57946T) and Prevotella scopos (W2052T  = DSM 22613T  = CCUG 57945T) were 43 and 41 mol%, respectively. The two species could be differentiated by gelatin hydrolysis, cellobiose and ribose fermentation, and production of β-glucosidase.