1887

Abstract

We compared the protein and glycoprotein patterns of 39 strains of various origins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The ultrastructures of the cell walls of intact cells were examined by freeze-etching, negative-staining, and thin-sectioning techniques. A total of 30 strains possessed a paracrystalline protein or glycoprotein surface layer (S-layer) which resembled the highest-molecular-weight band(s) on the electrophoretograms. We found a remarkable heterogeneity in the molecular weights of the S-layer subunits and the geometry and constants of the S-layer lattices, even among closely related strains. All of the strains examined were equally susceptible to lysozyme, indicating that the S-layers have pores at least 3.5 nm wide.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-34-2-202
1984-04-01
2024-12-04
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/34/2/ijs-34-2-202.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-34-2-202&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bartelmus W., Perschak F. 1957; Schnellmethode zur Keimzahlbestimmung in der Zuckerindustrie. Z. Zuckerind. 7:276–281
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Baumeister W., Karrenberg F., Rachel R., Engel A., ten Heggeler B., Saxton W. O. 1982; The major cell envelope protein of Micrococcus radiodurans (Rl). Structural and chemical characterization.. Eur. J. Biochem. 125:535–544
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Beveridge T. J. 1979; Surface arrays on the wall of Sporosarcina ureae. . J. Bacteriol. 139:1039–1048
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Beveridge T. J. 1981; Ultrastructure, chemistry, and function of the bacterial wall.. Int. Rev. Cytol. 72:229–317
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bobbin J. M. 1956; Periodate oxidation of carbohydrates. Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. 11:1–41
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Buckmire F. L. A., Murray R. G. E. 1976; Substructure and in vitro assembly of the outer, structured layer of Spirillum serpens. . J. Bacteriol. 125:290–299
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Burley S. K., Murray R. G. E. 1983; Structure of the regular surface layer of Bacillus polymyxa. . Can. J. Microbiol. 29:775–780
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Evenberg D., Lugtenberg B. 1982; Cell surface of the fish pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida. II. Purification and characterization of a major cell envelope protein related to autoagglutination, adhesion and virulence. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 684:249–254
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Fairbanks G., Steck T. L., Wallach D. F. H. 1971; Electrophoretic analysis of the major polypeptides of the human erythrocyte membrane. Biochemistry 10:2606–2617
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Glauert A. M., Thornley M. J. 1969; The topography of the bacterial cell wall. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 23:159–198
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Hastie A. T., Brinton C. C. Jr. 1979; Isolation, characterization, and in vitro assembly of the tetragonally arrayed layer of Bacillus sphaericus. . J. Bacteriol. 138:999–1009
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hastie A. T., Brinton C. C. Jr. 1979; Specific interaction or the tetragonally arrayed protein layer or Bacillus sphaericus with its peptidoglycan sacculus.. J. Bacteriol. 138:1010–1021
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hollaus F., Klaushofer H. 1970; Taxonomische Untersuchungen an hochthermophilen Bacillus-Stämmen aus Zuckerfabriksaften. Spisy Prirodoved. Fak. Univ. J. E. Purkyne Brae K 47:99–105
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hollaus F., Sleytr U. B. 1972; On the taxonomy and fine structure of some hyperthermophilic saccharolytic clostridia.. Arch. Mikrobiol. 86:129–146
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Kay W. W., Buckley J. T., Ishiguro E. E., Phipps B. M., Monette J. P. L., Trust T. J. 1981; Purification and disposition of a surface protein associated with virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida. . J. Bacteriol. 147:1077–1084
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Klaushofer H., Hollaus F. 1970; Zur Taxonomie der hochthermophilen, in Zuckerfabriksaften vorkommenden aeroben Sporenbildner. Z. Zuckerind. 20:465–470
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Laemmli U. K. 1970; Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London) 227:680–685
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lapchine L. 1976; Ultrastructure de la paroi de Pseudomonas acidovorans. . J. Microsc. Biol. Cell. 25:67–72
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lapchine L. 1979; Regularly arranged structures on the surface of some Pseudomonas sp.. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 5:223–225
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Luksch J., Wolf J. 1892; Physikalische Untersuchungen im östlichen Mittelmeer, I und II. Reise S.M. Schiffes “Pola” in den Jahren 1890 und 1891,. 64 Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 59 K.k.Hof- und Staatsdruckerei; Wien:
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Maizel J. V. Jr. 1971; Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral proteins. Methods Virol. 5:179–246
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Marshall C. L., Wicken A. J., Brown A. D. 1969; The outer layer of the cell envelope of Halobacterium halobium. . Can. J. Biochem. 47:71–74
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Masuda K., Kawata T. 1980; Reassembly of the regularly arranged subunits in the cell wall of Lactobacillus brevis and their reattachment to cell walls. Microbiol. Immunol. 24:299–308
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Mescher M. F., Strominger J. L. 1976; Purification and characterization of a prokaryotic glycoprotein from the cell envelope of Halobacterium salinarium. . J. Biol. Chem. 251:2005–2014
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Michl H., Neugebauer D.-C., Oesterhelt D. 1980; The 2-d crystalline cell wall of Sulfotobus acidocaldarius, . 27–35 Baumeister W., Vogell W. Electron microscopy at molecular dimensions Springer-Verlag; Berlin:
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Muller L. L., Jacks T. J. 1975; Rapid chemical dehydration of samples for electron microscopic examination. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 23:107–110
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Neujahr H. Y., Borstad B., Logardt I.-M. 1973; Factors affecting the resistance of Lactobacillus fermenti to lysozyme.. J. Bacteriol. 116:694–698
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Phillips D. C. 1966; The three-dimensional structure of an enzyme molecule. Sci. Am. 215:78–90
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Podsulo J. F. 1981; Glycoprotein molecular-weight estimation using sodium dodecyl sulfate-pore gradient electrophoresis: comparison of Tris-glycine and Tris-borate-EDTA buffer systems. Anal. Biochem. 114:131–139
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Reynolds E. S. 1963; The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17:208–212
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Segrest J. P., Jackson R. L. 1972; Molecular weight determination of glycoproteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Methods Enzymol. 28:54–63
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Sleytr U. B. 1975; Heterologous reattachment of regular arrays of glycoproteins on bacterial surfaces. Nature (London) 257:400–402
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Sleytr U. B. 1976; Self-assembly of the hexagonally and tetragonally arranged subunits of bacterial surface layers and their reattachment to cell walls. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 55:360–377
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Sleytr U. B. 1978; Regular arrays of macromolecules on bacterial cell walls: structure, chemistry, assembly and function.. Int. Rev. Cytol. 53:1–64
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Sleytr U. B. 1981; Morphopoietic and functional aspects of regular protein membranes present on prokaryotic cell walls,. 3–26 Kiermayer O. Cytomorphogenesis in plants. Cell biology monographs 8 Springer-Verlag; Vienna:
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Sleytr U. B., Glauert A. M. 1976; Ultrastructure of the cell walls of two closely related clostridia that possess different regular arrays of surface subunits.. J. Bacteriol. 126:869–882
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sleytr U. B., Glauert A. M. 1982; Bacterial cell walls and membranes,. 41–76 Harris J. R. Electron microscopy of proteins 3 Academic Press, Inc.; London:
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Sleytr U. B., Messner P. 1983; Crystalline surface layers on bacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 37:311–339
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Sleytr U. B., Messner P., Pum D., Eder J. 1982; Struktur und Morphopoese periodischer Proteinmembranen bei Bakter-ien. Mikroskopie 39:215–232
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Sleytr U. B., Messner P., Schiske P., Pum D. 1982; Periodic surface structures on prokaryotic cells. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Electron MicroscHamburg 3:1–8
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Sleytr U. B., Thorne K. J. I. 1976; Chemical characterization of the regularly arranged surface layers of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum and Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. . J. Bacteriol. 126:377–383
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Smith N. R., Gordon R. E., Clark F. E. 1952; Aerobic sporeforming bacteria,. 47–49 Agriculture monograph no. 16. U.S. Department of Agriculture; Washington, D.C.:
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Stewart M., Beveridge T. J. 1980; Structure of the regular surface layer of Sporosarcina ureae. . J. Bacteriol. 142:302–309
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Stewart M., Murray R. G. E. 1982; Structure of the regular surface layer of Aquaspirillum serpens MW5.. J. Bacteriol. 150:348–357
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Thompson B. G., Murray R. G. E., Boyce J. F. 1982; The association of the surface array and the outer membrane of Deinococcus radiodurans. . Can. J. Microbiol. 28:1081–1088
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Thorne K. J. I. 1977; Regularly arranged protein on the surfaces of gram-negative bacteria. Biol. Rev. 52:219–234
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Tsuboi A., Tsukagoshi N., Udaka S. 1982; Reassembly in vitro of hexagonal surface arrays in a protein-producing bacterium, Bacillus brevis 47.. J. Bacteriol. 151:1485–1497
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Word N. S., Yousten A. A., Howard L. 1983; Regularly structured and non-regularly structured surface layers of Bacillus sphaericus. . FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 17:277–282
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-34-2-202
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-34-2-202
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error