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Volume 28,
Issue 4,
1978
Volume 28, Issue 4, 1978
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Pectinatus, a New Genus of the Family Bacteroidaceae
More LessThe properties of an anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium having an unusual flagellar arrangement are described. The flagella emanate from only one side of the cell body and are not limited to the center portion as they are with selenomonads. The organism is a gram-negative, nonsporeforming mesophile producing acetic, propionic, and succinic acids and traces of lactic acid from glucose fermentation. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonuleic acid is 39.8 mol%. The characteristics of this organism indicate that it belongs in none of the presently described genera. For this organism, we propose a new genus, Pectinatus, and a new species, Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus, in the family Bacteroidaceae. The type strain, CCC B-1022, has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection under the number 29359.
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Problems of Escherichieae Systematics and the Classification of Atypical Dysentery Bacilli
More LessDue to the close systematic relationships within the tribe Escherichieae, definition of the taxon Shigella should be based primarily on the potential enteropathogenicity of the dysentery types. Immobile and anaerogenic dysentery bacilli possessing biochemical activities exceeding the established Shigella norm could be included in Shigella subgroup D, to which should be given the name S. metadysenteriae to avoid misunderstandings resulting from lipopolysaccharide phase designations I and II of S. sonnei. S. sonnei, serotypes 792 and serotype 147, and S. guanabara are proposed to be listed as serotypes 1 to 4 of S. metadysenteriae. Regularly aerogenic and/or motile dysentery types of the tribe Escherichieae—E. coli O124, O136, O143, O144, and O152—could be placed for the present into a provisional taxon Escherichia dysenteriae.
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Base Composition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Ureaplasmas Isolated from Various Animal Species
More LessThe guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) from ureaplasmas (T-mycoplasmas) isolated from several animal species were determined. The values obtained indicate that the G+C content of ureaplasmas is within a range from 26.9 to 31.6 mol%. The distinctness of the DNA G+C content of bovine isolates from that of Ureaplasma urealyticum (the human isolates) is confirmed. The values found for the DNA from canine and feline strains did not distinguish them from U. urealyticum. The caprine and ovine strains have DNA G+C contents similar to but slightly higher than those of the bovine strains. Although the strain isolated from a marmoset has a G+C content that is within the range observed for bovine isolates, the strain isolated from a squirrel monkey has a G+C content that falls between the ranges observed for human and bovine isolates. The results support the suggestion that more than a single species or subspecies exists within the genus Ureaplasma, but more evidence is needed before proposals for new taxa can be made.
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Identification of Mycobacterium phlei TMC 1523 and Mycobacterium smegmatis SN40 as Members of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium fortuitum, Respectively
More LessOn the basis of a study of the effect of trimethoprim on the growth of 131 rapidly growing mycobacteria identified at the species level, it was found that two of the stains were possibly misidentified. This suspicion was confirmed by checking the salient phenotypic characters of the strains. It was found that strain TMC 1523 is not a strain of Mycobacterium phlei but of M. smegmatis and that strain SN40, previously identified as a member of M. smegmatis, is a strain of M. fortuitum.
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A Species Definition
More LessA definition of a microbial species, slowly evolved during years of work with many strains, is presented and explained.
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- Original Papers Relating To The Systematics Of Yeasts
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Candida milleri sp. nov.
More LessThree strains of yeast previously identified as Torulopsis holmii were found to have a considerably higher guanine-plus-cytosine content than the type and other strains of this species and are described as a new species, Candida milleri.
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Proposal for Amendment of the Diagnosis of the Genus Candida Berkhout nom. cons.
More LessThe status of the genus Torulopsis Berlese is discussed. An amendment of the diagnosis of the genus Candida Berkhout is proposed to allow for nonhyphal species. In accordance with the amended description, the species currently classified in Torulopsis are transferred to the genus Candida.
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Cryptococcus bacillisporus sp. nov.
More LessSerotypes B and C of Cryptococcus neoformans are described as a separate species, C. bacillisporus sp. nov. C. bacillisporus could be distinguished from C. neoformans by creatinine metabolism. Serotype B and C isolates utilized creatinine much more readily than A and D, resulting in increased ammonia production and alkaline pH. Based on these findings, a creatinine-dextrose-bromothymol blue agar medium (pH 5.7) was developed as a single-step culture method for separation of the two species. Isolates of C. neoformans can be distinguished from C. bacillisporus with 97% accuracy by 48 h.
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- Errata
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