1887

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY logo

Volume 59, Issue 2

(Xu , 2008) nov. comb., a unique marine ciliate (Protista, Ciliophora, Spirotrichea), with phylogenetic analysis of the ambiguous genus inferred from the small-subunit rRNA gene sequence Free

Abstract

A population of Xu , 2008 , a small kiitrichid ciliate, was isolated from a brackish water sample in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, northern China. After comparison of its morphology and infraciliature, it is believed that this morphotype should be assigned to the genus ; hence, a new combination is suggested, ( Xu , 2008 ) nov. comb. The small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence was determined in order to elucidate the phylogenetic position of this poorly known, ambiguous genus. The organism can be clearly separated from its congener, Kahl, 1932, by the extremely shortened ventral cirral rows in the posterior ends. Based on the data available, an improved diagnosis is given for the genus: marine Kiitrichidae with prominent buccal field; two highly developed undulating membranes; non-grouped, uniform cirral rows on both ventral and dorsal sides; enlarged transverse cirri present, which are the only differentiated cirri; marginal cirri not present; one short migratory row located posterior to buccal field; structure of dorsal kineties generally in pattern. The sequence of the SSU rRNA gene of differs by 13 % from that of . Molecular phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian inference, least squares, neighbour joining, maximum parsimony) indicate that together with , diverges at a deep level from all other spirotrichs. Its branching position is between Phacodiniidia and Licnophoridia. The results strongly support the distinct separation of the – clade, which always branches basal to the Stichotrichia–Hypotrichia–Oligotrichia–Choreotrichia assemblage. These results also confirm the previous hypothesis that the – group, long assumed to be a close relation to the euplotids, represents a taxon at subclass level within the spirotrichs.

  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): BI, Bayesian inference , LS, least squares , MP, maximum parsimony , NJ, neighbour joining , PP, posterior probability , SSU, small subunit and TC, transverse cirrus
© SGM
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65855-0
2009-02-01
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/59/2/430.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65855-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bernhard, D., Leipe, D. D., Sogin, M. L. & Schlegel, K. M.(1995). Phylogenetic relationships of the Nassulida within the phylum Ciliophora inferred from the complete small subunit rRNA gene sequences of Furgasonia blochmanni, Obertrummia georgiana, and Pseudomicrothorax dubius. J Eukaryot Microbiol 42, 126–131.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. Borror, A. C.(1972). Revision of the order Hypotrichida (Ciliophora, Protozoa). J Protozool 19, 1–23.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Carey, P. G.(1992).Marine Interstitial Ciliates. An Illustrated Key. London: Chapman & Hall.
  4. Chen, Z. & Song, W.(2001). Phylogenetic positions of Uronychia transfuga and Diophrys appendiculata (Euplotida, Hypotrichia, Ciliophora) within hypotrichous ciliates inferred from small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Eur J Protistol 37, 291–301.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  5. Corliss, J. O.(1979).The Ciliated Protozoa:Characterization, Classification and Guide to the Literature, 2nd edn. Oxford: Pergamon.
  6. De Puytorac, P., Grain, J. & Legendre, P.(1994). An attempt at reconstructing a phylogenetic tree of the Ciliophora using parsimony methods. Eur J Protistol 30, 1–17.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  7. Elwood, H. J., Olsen, G. J. & Sogin, M. L.(1985). The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences from the hypotrichous ciliates Oxytricha nova and Stylonychia pustulata. Mol Biol Evol 2, 399–410. [Google Scholar]
  8. Felsenstein, J.(2006).phylip (phylogeny inference package) version 3.66. Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
  9. Fitch, W. M. & Margoliash, E.(1967). Construction of phylogenetic trees. Science 155, 279–284.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fleury, A., Iftode, F., Deroux, G. & Fryd-Versavel, G.(1986). Unité et diversité chez les hypotriches (protozoaires ciliés). III. Éléments d'ultrastructure comparée chez divers représentants du sous-ordre des Pseudohypotrichina et remarques générales. Protistologica 22, 65–87 (in French). [Google Scholar]
  11. Gerassimova, Z. P. & Seravin, L. N.(1976). Ectoplasmic fibrillar system of Infusoria and its role for the understanding of their phylogeny. Zool Zh 55, 645–656. [Google Scholar]
  12. Hall, T. A.(1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41, 95–98. [Google Scholar]
  13. Hammerschmidt, B., Schlegel, M., Lynn, D. H., Leipe, D. D., Sogin, M. L. & Raikov, I. B.(1996). Insights into the evolution of nuclear dualism in the ciliates revealed by phylogenetic analysis of rRNA sequences. J Eukaryot Microbiol 43, 225–230.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  14. Huelsenbeck, J. P., Ronquist, F., Nielsen, R. & Bollback, J. P.(2001). Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. Science 294, 2310–2314.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kahl, A.(1932). Urtiere oder Protozoa. I. Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria). 3. Spirotricha. Tierwelt Dtl 25, 399–650 (in German). [Google Scholar]
  16. Kimura, M.(1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16, 111–120.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  17. Li, L., Shao, C., Song, W., Lynn, D. H. & Chen, Z.(2009). Does Kiitricha (Protista, Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) belong to Euplotida or represent a primordial spirotrichous taxon? With suggestion to establish a new subclass Protohypotrichia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59, 439–446.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lynn, D. H.(1996). Systematics of ciliates. In Ciliates: Cells as Organisms, pp. 51–72. Edited by K. Hausmann & P. C. Bradbury. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer.
  19. Lynn, D. H. & Small, E. B.(2002). Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, 2nd edn, pp. 371–656. Edited by J. J. Lee, G. F. Leedale & P. C. Bradbury. Lawrence, KS: Society of Protozoologists.
  20. Lynn, D. H. & Strüder-Kypke, M.(2002). Phylogenetic position of Licnophora, Lechriopyla, and Schizocaryum, three unusual ciliates (phylum Ciliophora) endosymbiotic in echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata). J Eukaryot Microbiol 49, 460–468.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  21. Medlin, L., Elwood, H. L., Stickel, S. & Sogin, M. L.(1988). The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. Gene 71, 491–499.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  22. Miao, M., Song, W., Chen, Z., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Shao, C., Jiang, J. & Guo, W.(2007). A unique euplotid ciliate, Gastrocirrhus (Protozoa, Ciliophora): assessment of its phylogenetic position inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence. J Eukaryot Microbiol 54, 371–378.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  23. Nylander, J. A. A.(2004). MrModeltest version 2. Distributed by the author. Department of Systematic Zoology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden.
  24. Saitou, N. & Nei, M.(1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406–425. [Google Scholar]
  25. Shi, X. L., Song, W. & Shi, X. B.(1999). Systematic revision of the hypotrichous ciliates. In Progress in Protozoology, pp. 77–154. Edited by W. Song, X. L. Shi, X. Hu, Y. Lei, J. Wei, Z. Chen, X. B. Shi & M. Wang. Qingdao: Ocean University Press (in Chinese).
  26. Shin, M. K., Hwang, U. W., Kim, W., Wright, A.-D. G., Krawczyk, C. & Lynn, D. H.(2000). Phylogenetic position of the ciliates Phacodinium (order Phacodiniida) and Protocruzia (subclass Protocruziidia) and systematics of the spirotrich ciliates examined by small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences. Eur J Protistol 36, 293–302.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  27. Small, E. B. & Lynn, D. H.(1981). A new macrosystem for the phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. Biosystems 14, 387–401.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  28. Small, E. B. & Lynn, D. H.(1985). Phylum Ciliophora. In An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, pp. 393–575. Edited by J. J. Lee, S. H. Hutner & E. C. Bovee. Lawrence, KS: Society of Protozoologists.
  29. Song, W. & Wilbert, N.(1997). Morphological studies on some free living ciliates from marine biotopes in Qingdao, China, with descriptions of three new species: Holosticha warreni nov. spec., Tachysoma ovata nov. spec. and T. dragescoi nov. spec. Eur J Protistol 33, 48–62.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  30. Swofford, D. L.(2002).paup: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer.
  31. Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J.(1994).clustalw: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22, 4673–4680.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  32. Tuffrau, M. & Fleury, A.(1994). Classe des Hypotrichea Stein, 1859. In Traité de Zoologie, Tome II, Infusoires Ciliés, Fasc. 2, Systématoque, pp. 83–151. Edited by P. de Puytorac. Masson: Paris (in French).
  33. Wilbert, N.(1975). Eine verbesserte Technik der Protargolimprägnation für Ciliaten. Mikrokosmos 64, 171–179 (in German). [Google Scholar]
  34. Xu, K., Lei, Y. & Choi, J. K.(2008).Kiitricha minuta n. sp., a peculiar hypotrichous ciliate (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from the Yellow Sea. J Eukaryot Microbiol 55, 201–206.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65855-0
Loading
Caryotricha minuta (Xu et al., 2008) nov. comb., a unique marine ciliate (Protista, Ciliophora, Spirotrichea), with phylogenetic analysis of the ambiguous genus Caryotricha inferred from the small-subunit rRNA gene sequence
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59, 430 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65855-0
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65855-0
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65855-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error