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Morphological features, genomic DNA base composition and 16S rDNA sequence similarities, as well as a distinct phospholipid pattern, whole-cell fatty acid distribution and the occurrence of the lipoquinone 'lipid F', indicate that Clostridium quercicolum belongs to the Sporomusa-Pectinatus-Selenomonas phyletic group and possesses only a remote relationship to members of the genus Clostridium sensu stricto. On the basis of these results, the new genus and combination Dendrosporobacter quercicolus gen. nov., comb. nov. are proposed.