1887

Abstract

Five psychrophilic Gram-negative, sulfate-reducing bacteria were isolated from marine sediments off the coast of Svalbard. All isolates grew at the temperature of -1·7 °C. In batch cultures, strain PSv29 had the highest growth rate at 7 °C strains ASv26 and LSv54 had the highest growth rate at 10 °C, and strains LSv21 and LSv514 had the highest growth rate at 18 °C. The new isolates used the most common fermentation products in marine sediments, such as acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate and hydrogen, but only strain ASv26 was able to oxidize fatty acids completely to CO. The new strains had growth optima at neutral pH and marine salt concentration, except for LSv54 which grew fastest with 1% NaCl. Sulfite and thiosulfate were used as electron acceptors by strains ASv26, PSv29 and LSv54, and all strains except PSv29 grew with Fe (ferric citrate) as electron acceptor. Chemotaxonomy based on cellular fatty acid patterns and menaquinones showed good agreement with the phylogeny based on 16S rRNA sequences. All strains belonged to the δ subclass of but had at least 9% evolutionary distance from known sulfate reducers. Due to the phylogenetic and phenotypic differences between the new isolates and their closest relatives, establishment of the new genera gen. nov., gen. nov. and gen. nov. is proposed, with strain ASv26 as the type strain of the type species sp. nov., LSv21 as the type strain of sp. nov., PSv29 as the type strain of the type species sp. nov., LSv54 as the type strain of the type species sp. nov. and LSv514 as the type strain of sp. nov.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-49-4-1631
1999-10-01
2024-12-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/49/4/ijs-49-4-1631.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-49-4-1631&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bhakoo M., Herbert R. A. 1979; The effects of temperature on the fatty acid and phospholipid composition of four obligately psychrophilic Vibrio spp. Arch Microbiol 121:121–127
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Brosius J., Dull T. J., Sleeter D. D., NoIler H. F. 1981; Gene organization and primary structure of a ribosomal RNA operon from Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 148:107–127
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Buchholz-Cleven B. E. E., Rattunde B., Straub K. L. 1997; Screening for genetic diversity of isolates of anaerobic Fe(ll)- oxidizing bacteria using DGGE and whole-cell hybridization. Syst Appl Microbiol 20:301–309
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Canfield D. E., Jorgensen B. B., Fossing H.7 other authors 1993; Pathways of organic carbon oxidation in three continental margin sediments. Mar Geol 113:27–40
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Christensen D. 1984; Determination of substrates oxidized by sulfate reduction in intact cores of marine sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 29:189–192
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cline J. D. 1969; Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen sulfide in natural waters. Limnol Oceanogr 14:454–458
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Collins M. D., Widdel F. 1986; Respiratory quinones of sulphate-reducing and sulphur-reducing bacteria: a systematic investigation. Sysi Appl Microbiol 8:8–18
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cord-Ruwisch R. 1985; A quick method for the determination of dissolved and precipitated sulfides in cultures of sulfatereducing bacteria. J Microbiol Methods 4:33–36
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cutter G. A., Radford-Knoery J. 1991 Determination of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and inorganic sulfur species in marine particles. Marine Particles: Analysis and Characterization57–63 Edited by Hurd D. C. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union;
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Devereux R., Delaney M., Widdel F., Stahl D. A. 1989; Natural relationships among sulfate-reducing bacteria. J Bacteriol 171:6689–6695
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dowling N. J. E., Widdel F., White D. C. 1986; Phospholipid cster-linked fatty acid biomarkers of acetate-oxidizing sulphate - reducers and other sulphide-forming bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 132:1815–1825
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Glud R. N., Holby O., Hoffmann F., Canfield D. E. 1998; Benthic mineralization and exchange in Arctic sediments (Svalbard, Norway). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 173:237–251
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Holt J. G., Krieg N. R., Sneath P. H. A., Staley J. T., Williams S. T.editors 1994 Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Isaksen M. F., Teske A. 1996; Desulforhopalus vacuolatus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new moderately psychrophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium with gas vacuoles isolated from a temperate estuary. Arch Microbiol 166:160–168
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Jorgensen B. B. 1982; Mineralization of organic matter in the sea bed - the role of sulphate reduction. Nature 296:643–645
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Knoblauch C., Jorgensen B. B. 1999; Effect of temperature on sulphate reduction, growth rate, and growth yield in five psychrophilic sulphate-reducing bacteria from Arctic sediments. Env Microbiol in press
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kohring L. L., Ringelberg D. B., Devereux R., Stahl D. A., Mittelman M. W., White D. C. 1994; Comparison of phylogenetic relationships based on phospholipid fatty acid profiles and ribosomal RNA sequence similarities among dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 119:303–308
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Levitus S., Boyer T. 1994 World Ocean Atlas, vol. 4, Temperature Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lind E., Ursing J. 1986; Clinical strains of Enterobacter agglomerans (synonyms: Erwinia herbicola, Erwinia milletiae) identified by DNA-DNA hybridization. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand Sect B Microbiol 94:205–213
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Marmur J. 1961; A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from micro-organisms. J Mol Biol 3:208–218
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Mesbah M., Premachandran U., Whitman W. B. 1989; Precise measurement of the G + C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:159–167
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Murray R. G. E., Doetsch R. N., Robinow C. F. 1994 Determinative and cytological light microscopy. Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology21–41 Edited by Gerhardt P., Murray R. G. E., Wood W. A., Krieg N. R. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Nedwell D. B., Walker T. R., Ellis-Evans J. C., Clarke A. 1993; Measurements of seasonal rates and annual budgets of organic carbon fluxes in an Antarctic coastal environment at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, suggest a broad balance between production and decomposition. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:3989–3995
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Parkes R. J., Gibson G. R., Mueller-Harvey I., Buckingham W. J., Herbert R. A. 1989; Determination of the substrates for sulphate-reducing bacteria within marine and estuarine sediments with different rates of sulphate reduction. J Gen Microbiol 135:175–187
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Postgate J. R. 1984 The Sulphate-reducing Bacteria Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Rosselld-Mora R. A., Caccavo F. Jr, Osterlehner K.7 other authors 1994; Isolation and taxonomic characterization of a halotolerant, facultatively iron-reducing bacterium. Syst Appl Microbiol 17:569–573
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Russell N. J. 1990; Cold adaptation of microorganisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 326:595–611
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Sagemann J., Jorgensen B. B., Greet O. 1998; Temperature dependence and rates of sulfate reduction in cold sediments of Svalbard, Arctic Ocean. Geomicrobiol J 15:85–100
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Sorensen J., Christensen D., Jorgensen B. B. 1981; Volatile fatty acids and hydrogen as substrates for sulfate-reducing bacteria in anaerobic marine sediment. Appl Environ Microbiol 42:5–11
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Stookey L. L. 1970; Ferrozine - a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron. Anal Chem 42:779–781
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Strunk O., Gross O., Reichel B.11 other authors 1999; arb: a software environment for sequence data. http://www.mikro.biologie.tu-muenchen.de Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München; Munich, Germany:
  32. Taylor J., Parkes R. J. 1983; The cellular fatty acids of the sulphate-reducing bacteria, Desulfobacter sp., Desulfobulbus sp. and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. J Gen Microbiol 129:3303–3309
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Tindall B. J. 1990; A comparative study of the lipid composition of Halobacterium saccharovorum from various sources. Syst Appl Microbiol 12:128–130
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Vainshtein M., Hippe H., Kroppenstedt R. M. 1992; Cellular fatty acid composition of Desulfovibrio species and its use in classification of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Syst Appl Microbiol 15:554–566
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Wayne L. G., Brenner D. J., Colwell R. R.9 other authors 1987; International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:463–464
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Widdel F., Bak F. 1992 Gram-negative mesophilic sulfatereducing bacteria. The Prokaryotes3352–3378 Edited by Balows A., Trüper H. G., Dworkin M., Harder W., Schleifer K.-H. New York: Springer;
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Ziemke F., Höfle M. G., Lalucat J., Rossello-Mora R. 1998; Reclassification of Shewanella putrefaciens Owen’s genomic group II as Shewanella baltica sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:179–186
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-49-4-1631
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-49-4-1631
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error