1887

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY logo

Volume 33, Issue 4

Numerical Taxonomy of Staphylococci Isolated from Clinical Sources Free

Abstract

A total of 264 staphylococcal and micrococcal isolates from clinical specimens were examined for 62 morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. Numerical taxonomy was used to analyze the data. Forty percent of the strains were identified as , 25% were identified as and related species, and 9% were identified as ; the remaining strains were a mixture of other spp. and spp. Our results were compared with the simplified scheme of Kloos and Schleifer. The phenetic characteristics of the species groups are presented. When applied to the identification of closely similar species, both the simplified scheme and numerical taxonomy have limitations, which should be recognized when a method for taxonomic analysis is selected.

  • Published Online:
Copyright © 1983 International Union of Microbiological Societies
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-33-4-738
1983-10-01
2023-02-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/33/4/ijs-33-4-738.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-33-4-738&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bailey R. R. 1973; Significance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in urine. J. Infect. Dis 127:179–182
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Baird-Parker A. C. 1974; Family I. Micrococcaceae Pri-bram 1929. 385478–490 Buchanan R. E., Gibbons N. E. Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 8. The Williams & Wilkins Co; Baltimore:
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bartlett J. G., Onderdonk A. B., Drude E., Goldstein C., Anderka M., Alpert S., McCormack W. M. 1977; Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora. J. Infect. Dis 136:271–277
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Bauer A. W., Kirby W. M. M., Sherris J. C., Turck M. 1966; Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol 45:493–496
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bayliss B. G., Hall E. R. 1965; Plasma coagulation by organisms other than Staphylococcus aureus . J. Bacteriol 89:101–105
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Buck J. D. 1976; Pollution microbiology of Biscayne Bay beaches. Fla. Sci 39:111–120
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Carlsson J. 1965; Zooglea-forming streptococci, resembling Streptococcus sanguis, isolated from dental plaque in man. Odontol. Revy 16:348–358
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Carlsson J. 1968; A numerical taxonomic study of human oral streptococci. Odontol. Revy 19:137–160
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Crombach W. H. J. 1978; Caseobacter polymorphus gen. nov., sp. nov., a coryneform bacterium from cheese. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 28:354–366
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Darling D. L. 1975; Standardization and evaluation of the CAMP reaction for the prompt, presumptive identification of Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B) in clinical material. J. Clin. Microbiol 1:171–174
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Davis G. H. G., Hoyling B. 1974; Observations on anaerobic glucose utilization tests in Staphylococcus-Micrococcus identification. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 24:1–5
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Devriese L. A., Hajek V. 1980; A review. Identification of pathogenic staphylococci isolated from animals and foods derived from animals. J. Appl. Bacteriol 49:1–11
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Devriese L. A., Hajek V., Oeding P., Meyer S. A., Schleifer K. H. 1978; Staphylococcus hyicus (Sompo-linsky 1953) comb. nov. and Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. chromogenes subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 28:482–490
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Devriese L. A., Van DeKerckhove A. 1980; Carbohydrate dissimilation tests in the identification of staphylococci. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J. Microbiol. Serol 45:65–72
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Digranes A., Oeding P. 1975; Characterization of Micrococcaceae from the urinary tract. Acta. Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. B 83:373–381
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Durham D. R., Kloos W. E. 1978; Comparative study of the total cellular fatty acid of Staphylococcus species of human origin. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 28:223–228
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Evans J. B., Kloos W. E. 1972; Use of shake cultures in a semisolid thioglycollate medium for differentiating staphylococci from micrococci. Appl. Microbiol 23:326–331
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Facklam R. R. 1973; Comparison of several laboratory media for presumptive identification of enterococci and group D streptococci. Appl. Microbiol 26:138–145
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Federal Register 1972; Rules and regulations. Antibiotic susceptibility discs. Fed. Regist 3720525–20529
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Federal Register 1973; Rules and regulations. Antibiotic susceptibility disc correction. Fed. Regist 382576
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Feltham R. K. A. 1979; A taxonomic study of the Micrococcaceae . J. Appl. Bacteriol 47:243–254
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Fuchs P. C, Christy C., Jones R. N. 1978; Multiple-inocula (replicator) CAMP test for presumptive identification of group B streptococci. J. Clin. Microbiol 7:232–233
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Garcia M. L., Moreno B., Bergdoll M. S. 1980; Characterization of staphylococci isolated from mastitic cows in Spain. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 39:548–553
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Gross K. C, Houghton M. P., Senterfit L. B. 1975; Presumptive speciation of Streptococcus bovis and other group D streptococci from human sources by using argi-nine and pyruvate tests. J. Clin. Microbiol 1:54–60
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Gunn B. A. 1976; SXT and Taxo A disks for presumptive identification of group A and B streptococci in throat cultures. J. Clin. Microbiol 4:192–193
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Gunn B. A., Singleton F. L., Peele E. R., Colwell R. R., Reiser J. F., Kapfer C. O. 1981; Comparison of methods for identifying Staphylococcus and Micrococcus spp. J. Clin. Microbiol 14:195–200
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Hajek V. 1976; Staphylococcus intermedius, a new species isolated from animals. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 26:401–408
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Holt R. J. 1969; The classification of staphylococci from colonized ventriculo-atrial shunts. J. Clin. Pathol 22:475–482
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Holt R. J. 1971; The opportunist pathogenicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci. J. Clin. Pathol 24:770–772
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Holt R. J. 1971; Lysozyme production by staphylococci and micrococci. J. Med. Microbiol 4:375–379
     [Google Scholar]
  31. John J. F. Jr., Gramling P. K., O’Dell N. M. 1978; Species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci from urinary tract isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol 8:435–437
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Kloos W. E. 1980; Natural populations of the genus Staphylococcus . Annu. Rev. Microbiol 34:559–592
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Kloos W. E. 1982; Coagulase-negative staphylococci. Clin. Microbiol. Newslett 4:75–79
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Kloos W. E., Musselwhite M. S. 1975; Distribution and persistence of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species and other aerobic bacteria on human skin. Appl. Microbiol 30:381–395
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Kloos W. E., Schleifer K. H. 1975; Simplified scheme for routine identification of human Staphylococcus species. J. Clin. Microbiol 1:82–88
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Kloos W. E., Schleifer K. H. 1975; Isolation and characterization of staphylococci from human skin. II. Descriptions of four new species: Staphylococcus warned Staphylococcus capitis Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus simulans . Int J. Syst. Bacteriol 25:62–79
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Kloos W. E., Schleifer K. H., Noble W. C. 1976; Estimation of character parameters in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species. 23–41 Jeljaszewicz J. Staphylococci and Staphylococcal diseases G.Fisher; Stuttgart:
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Kloos W. E., Schleifer K. H., Smith R. F. 1976; Characterization of Staphylococcus sciuri sp. nov. and its subspecies. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 26:22–37
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Kloos W. E., Tornabene T. G., Schleifer K. H. 1974; Isolation and characterization of micrococci from human skin, including two new species: Micrococcus lylae and Micrococcus kristinae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 24:79–101
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Kloos W. E., Wolfshohl J. F. 1979; Evidence for deoxyribonucleotide sequence divergence between staphylococci living on human and other primate skin. Curr. Microbiol 3:167–172
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Kloos W. E., Wolfshohl J. F. 1982; Identification of Staphylococcus species with the API STAPH-IDENT system. J. Clin. Microbiol 16:509–516
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Males B. M., Rogers W. A. Jr., Parisi J. T. 1975; Virulence factors of biotypes of Staphylococcus epidermidis from clinical sources. J. Clin. Microbiol 1:265–261
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Marsik F. J., Parisi J. T. 1973; Significance of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the clinical laboratory. Appl. Microbiol 25:11–14
     [Google Scholar]
  44. McFaddin J. F. 1976; Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria. The Williams & Wilkins Co.; Baltimore:
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Moller J. K., Christiansen C., Mortensen N. 1973; DNA base composition of coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with urinary tract infection. Acta. Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. B 81:559–562
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Murray P. R., Washington J. A. II 1975; Microscopic and bacteriologic analysis of expectorated sputum. Mayo Clin. Proc 50:339–344
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Namavar F., de Graaf J., MacLaren D. M. 1977; Micrococci and urinary tract infection. Lancet ii:1223–1224
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Namavar F., de Graaf J., MacLaren D. M. 1978; Taxonomy of coagulase-negative staphylococci: a comparison of two widely used classification schemes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J. Microbiol. Serol 44:425–434
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Orth D. C, Chugg L. R., Anderson A. W. 1971; Comparison of animal sera for suitability in coagulase testing. Appl. Microbiol 21:420–425
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Oxborrow G. S., Favero M. S. 1967; A combination medium for demonstrating starch and gelatin hydrolysis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol 33:334–335
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Paik G., Suggs M. T. 1974; Reagents, stains, and miscellaneous test procedures. 930–950 Len-nette E. H., Spaulding E. H., Truant J. P. Manual of clinical microbiology, 2. American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D.C.:
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Parker M. T., Ball L. C. 1976; Streptococci and aerococci associated with systemic infection in man. J. Med. Microbiol 9:275–302
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Pereira A. T. 1962; Coagulase-negative strains of Staphylococcus possessing antigen 51 as agents of urinary infection. J. Clin. Pathol 15:252–260
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Perkins R. E., Kindsin R. B., Pratt M. V., Abrahamsen I., Leibowitz H. M. 1975; Bacteriology of normal and infected conjunctiva. J. Clin. Microbiol 1:147–149
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Pike E. B. 1962; The classification of staphylococci and micrococci from the human mouth. J. Appl. Bacteriol 25:448–455
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Pulverer G., Mordarski M., Tkacz A., Szyba K., Heczko P., Goodfellow M. 1978; Relationships among some coagulase-negative staphylococci based upon de-oxyribonucleic acid reassociation. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 3:51–56
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Quadri S. M. H., DeSilva M. I., Zubairi S. 1980; Rapid test for determination of esculin hydrolysis. J. Clin. Microbiol 12:472–474
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Sabath L. D., Barrett F. F., Wilcox C., Gerstein D. A., Finland M. 1969; Methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis . 302–306 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1968
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Schleifer K. H., Kloos W. E. 1975; Isolation and characterization of staphylococci from human skin. I. Amended descriptions of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus and descriptions of three new species: Staphylococcus cohnii Staphylococcus hae-molyticus, and Staphylococcus xylosus . Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 25:50–61
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Schleifer K. H., Meyer S. A., Rupprecht M. 1979; Relatedness among coagulase-negative staphylococci: de-oxyribonucleic acid reassociation and comparative immu-nological studies. Arch. Mikrobiol 122:93–101
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Smith R. F., Blasi D., Dayton S. L. 1973; Phosphatase activity among Candida species and other yeasts isolated from clinical material. Appl. Microbiol 26:364–367
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Sneath P. H. A. 1957; Some thoughts on bacterial classification. J. Gen. Microbiol 17:184–200
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Sneath P. H. A., Sokal R. R. 1974; Numerical taxonomy. The principles and practice of numerical classification. W. H. Freeman; San Francisco:
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Speller D. C, Mitchell R. G. 1973; Coagulase-negative staphylococci causing endocarditis after cardiac surgery. J. Clin. Pathol 26:517–522
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Sperber W. H., Tatin S. R. 1975; Interpretation of the tube coagulase test for identification of Staphylococcus aureus . Appl. Microbiol 29:502–505
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Subcommittee on Taxonomy of Staphylococci and Micrococci 1965; Minutes of first meeting. Int. Bull. Bacteriol. Nomencl. Taxon 15107–108
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Turner F. J., Schwartz B. S. 1958; The use of a lyophilized human plasma standardized for blood coagulation factors in the coagulase and fibrinolytic tests. J. Lab. Clin. Med 52:888–894
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Varaldo P. E., Satta G. 1978; Grouping of staphylococci on the basis of their bacteriolytic-activity patterns: a new approach to the taxonomy of the Micrococcaceae. II. Main characters of 1,054 strains subdivided into “lyo-groups.” Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol 28:148–153
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Vera H. D., Dumoff M. 1974; Culture media. 881–929 Lennette E. H., Spaulding E. H., Truant J. P. Manual of clinical microbiology, 2. American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D.C.:
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Williams D. N., Lund M. E., Blazevic D. J. 1976; Significance of urinary isolates of coagulase-negative Micrococcaceae . J. Clin. Microbiol 3:556–559
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Zimmerman R. J., Kloos W. E. 1976; Comparative zone electrophoresis of esterases of Staphylococcus species isolated from mammalian skin. Can. J. Microbiol 22:771–779
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-33-4-738
Loading
Numerical Taxonomy of Staphylococci Isolated from Clinical Sources
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 33, 738 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-33-4-738
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-33-4-738
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-33-4-738
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited this month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error