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It has been shown that Escherichia coli cells with increased expression of the rpoE gene encoding σ E exhibit enhanced cell lysis in early stationary phase. Further analysis of the lysis phenomenon was performed using a transient expression system of the rpoE gene and by DNA microarray. The former analysis revealed a σ E-directed cell lysis, specific for early stationary phase but not for the exponential phase. The microarray analysis with RNAs from exponential and early stationary phase cells revealed that a large number of genes were up- or down-regulated when the rpoE gene was induced, and that several genes were induced in a phase-specific manner. The upregulated genes include many previously identified σ E regulon genes, suggesting that a large number of genes are under the control of σ E in this organism. These genes are involved in various cellular activities, including the cell envelope, cellular processes, regulatory functions, transport and translation. Genes that are presumably related to phase-specific cell lysis in E. coli are discussed.
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