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Volume 169, Issue 1

Transmembrane substrates of type three secretion system injectisomes Open Access

Abstract

The type three secretion system injectisome of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens injects virulence proteins, called effectors, into host cells. Effectors of mammalian pathogens carry out a range of functions enabling bacterial invasion, replication, immune suppression and transmission. The injectisome secretes two translocon proteins that insert into host cell membranes to form a translocon pore, through which effectors are delivered. A subset of effectors also integrate into infected cell membranes, enabling a unique range of biochemical functions. Both translocon proteins and transmembrane effectors avoid cytoplasmic aggregation and integration into the bacterial inner membrane. Translocated transmembrane effectors locate and integrate into the appropriate host membrane. In this review, we focus on transmembrane translocon proteins and effectors of bacterial pathogens of mammals. We discuss what is known about the mechanisms underlying their membrane integration, as well as the functions conferred by the position of injectisome effectors within membranes.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): effector , injectisome , membrane integration , translocon and type three secretion system
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Wellcome Trust (Award 209411/Z/17/Z)
    • Principle Award Recipient: DavidW. Holden
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2023-01-27
2024-05-17
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http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.001292
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Transmembrane substrates of type three secretion system injectisomes
Microbiology 169, 001292 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001292
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.001292
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