1887

Abstract

SUMMARY: Submerged cultures of (Loveless) became progressively viscous during the incubation because of the production of an extracellular polysaccharide. The polysaccharide was shown to be a branched glucan with a β1 → 3 linked main chain having single glucopyranosyl units at intervals along it in the β1 → 6 configuration. For most of the media investigated growth at 27° and between pH 5 and 6 was accompanied by glucan production, which ceased when growth was arrested by lack of nutrient. The glucan was re-metabolized by the fungus only to a limited extent as the culture aged; the degree of branching varied during the culture period. The unit amount of glucan synthesized was not affected by numerous successive subculturings over a period of several months, but the product from the later cultures had a greater degree of branching. Branched glucans of similar structure to the above were also detected in low concentration in the natural sclerotia. The presence of β1 → 3 linked glucans in the cell walls of this and other fungal strains examined was also indicated.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-51-3-337
1968-05-01
2024-10-09
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/51/3/mic-51-3-337.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-51-3-337&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Allen S., Bonner T. G., Bourne E. J., Saville N. M. 1958; Boron trichloride as a degradative reagent for carbohydrates and their derivatives. Chemy Ind p. 630
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson D. M. W., Greenwood C. T., Hirst E. L. 1955; Physiochemical studies on starches. II. The oxidation of starches by potassium metaperiodate. J. chem. Soc p. 225
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bacon J. S. D., Edelman J. 1951; The carbohydrates of the Jerusalem artichoke and other compositae. Biochem. J 48:114
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Baggett N., Foster A. B., Haines A. H., Stacey M. 1960; Some alkyl p-phenylazobenzoates and ferrocenecarboxylates. J. chem. Soc p. 3528
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bouveng H. O., Kiessling H., Lindberg B., McKay J. 1963; Polysaccharides elaborated by Pullularia pullulans. III. Polysaccharides synthesised from xylose solutions. Acta chirn. scand 17:1351
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bray G. A. 1960; A simple efficient scintillator for counting aqueous solutions in a liquid scintillation counter. Analyt. Biochem 1:279
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Chain E. B., Gualandi G., Morisi G. 1966; Aeration studies. IV. Aeration conditions in 3000-liter submerged fermentations with various microorganisms. Biotech. Bioeng 8:595–619
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Chandra S. K., Hirst E. C., Jones J. K. N., Percival E. G. V. 1950; The constitution of Xylan from Esparto grass (Stipa fenacissima, L.). J. chem. Soc p. 1289
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Clarke A. E., Stone B. A. 1963; Chemistry and biochemistry of β-1,3-glucans. Rev. pure app. Chem. (Aust.) 13:134
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Conway E. J. 1962 Microdiffusion Analysis and Volumetric Error Glasgow: University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Cooper C. M., Fernstrom G. A., Miller S. A. 1944; Gas liquid contactors. Ind. engng Chem 36:504
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Davis E. N., Rhodes R. A., Shulke H. R. 1965; Fermentative production of exocellular glucans by fleshy fungi. Appl. Microbiol 13:267
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Dubois M., Gilles K., Hamilton J. K., Rebers P. A., Smith F. 1951; A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars. Nature, Lond 168:167
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Dubois M., Gilles K., Hamilton J. K., Rebers P. A., Smith F. 1956; A colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analyt. Chem 28:350
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Fischer E. 1916; Darstellung der Aceto-Bromglucose. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges 49:584
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Fleming I. D., Pegler H. F. 1963; The determination of glucose in the presence of maltose and isomaltose by a stable, specific enzymic reagent. Analyst 88:967
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Fleury P., Lange J. 1933; Determination of periodic acid in the presence of iodic acid. J. pharm. chim 17:107
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Goldstein I. J., Hay G. W., Lewis B. A., Smith F. 1959; A new approach to the determination of the fine structure of polysaccharides. Abstr. Pap. Am. chem. Soc 135:3D
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Goldstein I. J., Hay G. W., Lewis B. A., Smith F. 1965; Controlled degradation of polysaccharides by periodate oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis. Meth. Carbohydrate Chem 5:361
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Horikoshi K., Iida S. 1964; Studies on the spore coats of fungi. I. Isolation and composition of the spore coats of Aspergillus oryzae. Biochim. biophys. Acta 83:197
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hough L., Jones J. K. N., Wadman W. H. 1950; Quantitative analysis of mixtures of sugars by the method of partition chromatography. V. Improved methods for the separation and detection of the sugars and their methylated derivatives on the paper chromatogram. J. chem. Soc p. 1702
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Johnson J., Kirkwood S., Misaki A., Nelson T. E., Scaletti J. V., Smith F. 1963; Structure of a new glucan. Chemy Ind p. 820
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Koche F. C., Hanke M. E. 1948 Practical Methods in Biochemistry Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co;
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Loveless A. R. 1967; Claviceps fusiformis, sp.nov., the causal agent of agalactia in sows. Trans. Br. my col. Soc 50:15
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Macfadyen D. A. 1945; Estimation of formaldehyde in biological mixtures. J. biol. Chem 158:107
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Manners D. J., Patterson J. C. 1966; A re-examination of the molecular structure of yeast glucan. Biochem. J 98:19 c
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Morris D. L. 1948; Quantitative determination of carbohydrates with Dreywood’s reagent. Science, N. Y 107:254
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Nordin J. H., Kirkwood S. 1965; Biochemical aspects of plant polysaccharides. A. Rev. Pl. Physiol 16:393
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Paladino S., Ugolini F., Chain E. B. 1954; Fermenters of 90 and 300 l. capacity for vortex and sparger aeration. Rc. 1st. sup. Sanita 17:87 (English ed.)
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Partridge S. M. 1949; Aniline hydrogen phthalate as a spraying reagent for chromatography of sugars. Nature, Lond 164:443
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Perlin A. S., Taber W. A. 1963; A glucan produced by Claviceps purpurea. Can. J. Chem 41:2278
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Reese E. T., Mandels M. 1959; β-d-1,3 glucanases in fungi. Can. J. Microbiol 5:173
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Somogyi M. 1952; Notes on sugar determination. J. biol. Chem 195:19
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Stoll A., Brack A., Kobel A., Hofmann A., Brunner R. 1954; Die Alkaloide eines Mutterkompilzes von Pennisetum typhoideum, Rich und deren Bildung in saprophytischer Kultur. Helv. chim. Acta 37:1815
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Thomas W., Dutcher R. A. 1924; The colorimetric determination of carbohydrates in plants by the picric acid method. J. Am. chem. Soc 46:1662
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Trevelyan W. E., Procter D. P., Harrison J. S. 1950; Detection of sugars on paper chromatograms. Nature, Lond 166:444
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Vining L. C., Nair P. M. 1966; Clavine alkaloid formation in submerged cultures of Claviceps species. Can. J. Microbiol 12:915
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Wallen L. L., Rhodes R. A., Shulke H. R. 1965; Physical properties and chemical composition of β-glucans from fleshy fungi. Appl. Microbiol 13:272
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Wallenfels K., Bechtler G., Kuhn R., Trischmann H., Egge H. 1963; Permethylation of oligomeric and polymeric carbohydrates and quantitative analysis of the cleavage products. Angew. Chem. internat. Edit 2:515
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Wessels J. G. H. 1966; Control of cell-wall glucan degradation during development in Schizophyllum commune. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 32:341
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-51-3-337
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-51-3-337
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error