Bacterial ice nucleation activity after T4 bacteriophage infection

SUMMARY: The changes in ice nucleation activity of transformed Ina+ Escherichia coli K12 after infection with T4D bacteriophage have been examined. Within 2 min after infection class A nucleation activity (measured at — 4 °C) fell about 1000–100-fold whilst class B (measured at — 5.5 °C) and class C (measured at — 9 °C) nucleation activities increased 50–100-fold and then rapidly decreased. These changes also occurred after interaction with T4D ghost particles or T4D 11-/12-particles. Since ghost particles lack DNA and 11-/12-particles lack short tail fibres, the T4D particles appear to be exerting their effect by the attachment of the phage long tail fibres to the cell. The changes were not influenced by the addition of chloramphenicol.