Occurrence of the Stringent Response in Streptomyces sp. and its Significance for the Initiation of Morphological and Physiological Differentiation

References

1. An G., Vining L.C. 1978; Intracellular levels of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-diphosphate (pppGpp) in cultures of Streptomyces griseus. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 24:502–511
   [Google Scholar]
2. Block R., Haseltine W. A. 1973; Thennolability of the stringent factor in rel mutants of Escherichia coli. Journal of Molecular Biology 77:625–629
   [Google Scholar]
3. Cashel M. 1975; Regulation of bacterial ppGpp and pppGpp. Annual Review of Microbiology 29:301–318
   [Google Scholar]
4. Chayer K. F., Merricic M.J. 1979; Streptomyces. In Developmental Biology of Prokaryotes pp 93–114
   [Google Scholar]
5. Colombo A. L., Crespi-Pbrellino N., Micalizio S. 1982; Relationships between growth, cyclic AMP and tylosin production in two mutants of Streptomyces fradiae. Biotechnology Letters 4:747–752
   [Google Scholar]
6. Demajn A. L., Aharonowitz Y., Martin J.-F. 1983; Metabolic control of secondary biosynthetic pathways. In Biochemistry and Genetic Regulation of Commercially Important Antibiotics pp 49–72
   [Google Scholar]
7. Ensign J.C. 1978; Formation, properties and germination of actinomycetes spores. Annual Review of Microbiology 32:373–392
   [Google Scholar]
8. Ensign J. C. 1982; Developmental biology of actinomycetes. FEMS Symposium 13:127–140
   [Google Scholar]
9. Fiil N., Friesen J. D. 1968; Isolation of relaxed mutants of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 95:729–731
   [Google Scholar]
10. Freese E. 1981; Initiation of bacterial sporulation. In Sporulation and Germinati Proceedings of the VIII International Spores Conference
    [Google Scholar]
11. Freese E., Heinze J. 1984; Metabolic and genetic control of bacterial sporulation. In The Bacterial Spores, Volume 2 pp 101–172
    [Google Scholar]
12. Gallant J. A. 1979; Stringent control in E. coli. Annual Review of Genetics 13:393–415
    [Google Scholar]
13. Gallant J. A., Irr J., Cashel M. 1971; The mechanism of amino acid control of guanylate and adenylate biosynthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2465812–5816
    [Google Scholar]
14. Gersch D. 1979; Dependence of macromolecule synthesis on cyclic AMP in antibiotic producing strains of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. FEMS Microbiology Letters 6:343–347
    [Google Scholar]
15. Hamagishi Y., Yoshimoto A., Oki T. 1981; Determination of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and adenosine pentaphosphate (pppApp) in various microorganisms by radioimmunoassay. Archives of Microbiology 130:134–137
    [Google Scholar]
16. Hara O., Beppu T. 1982; Mutants blocked in streptomycin production in Streptomyces griseuthe role of A-factor. Journal of Antibiotics 35:349–358
    [Google Scholar]
17. Hensens O.D., Albers-Schonberg G. 1983a; Total structure of the highly modified peptide antibiotic components of thiopeptin. Journal of Antibiotics 36:814–831
    [Google Scholar]
18. Hensbns O.D., Albers-Schonberg G. 1983b; 13C NMR study of thiostrepton and thiopeptin components. Journal of Antibiotics 36:832–845
    [Google Scholar]
19. Kaiser D. 1984; Regulation of multicellular development in myxobacteria. In Microbial Development pp 197–218
    [Google Scholar]
20. Kalakoutskll L.V., Agre N.S. 1976; Comparative aspects of development and differentiation in actinomycetes. Bacteriological Reviews 40:469–524
    [Google Scholar]
21. Kleiner E. M., Pliner S. A., Soifor V. S., Onopribnko V. V., Balashova T. A., Rozynov B. V., Khokhlov A. S. 1976; Structure of the A. factor, a bioregulator from Streptomyces griseus. Bioorganicheska khimiia 2:1142–1147
    [Google Scholar]
22. Lazzarjni R. A., Cashel M., Gallant J. 1971; Regulation of guanosine tetraphosphate levels in stringent and relaxed strains of Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry 246:4381–4385
    [Google Scholar]
23. Lopez J. M., Dromericic A., Freese E. 1981; Response of guanosine 5' triphosphate concentra. tion to nutritional changes and its significance for Bacillus subtilis sporulation. Journal of Bacterology 6:605–613
    [Google Scholar]
24. Martin J. F., Demajn A. L. 1980; Control of antibiotic synthesis. Microbiological Reviews 4:230–251
    [Google Scholar]
25. Nishino T., Murao S. 1981; Possible involvement of plasmid in nucleotide pyrophosphokinase production and the relationship between this productivity and cellular accumulation of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) in Streptomyces. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 45:199–208
    [Google Scholar]
26. Ocm K. 1985; Sporulation and antibiotic production by Bacillus subtilis mutants deficient in intracellular proteases. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 49:905–907
    [Google Scholar]
27. Ochi K. 1986; A decrease in GTP content is associated with aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces MA406-A-l. Journal of General Microbiology 132:299–305
    [Google Scholar]
28. Ocm K., Frbbse E. 1983; Effect of antibiotics on sporulation caused by the stringent response in Bacillus subtilis. Journal of General Microbiology 129:3709–3720
    [Google Scholar]
29. Ochi K., Ohsawa S. 1984; Initiation of antibiotic production by the stringent response of Bacillus subtilis Marburg. Journal of General Microbiology 130:2473–2482
    [Google Scholar]
30. Ochi K., Yashima S., Eguchi Y., Matsushita K. 1979; Biosynthesis of formycin: incorporation and distribution of 13C-, 14C-, and 15N-labeled compounds into formycin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 254:8819–8824
    [Google Scholar]
31. Ochi K., Kandala J. C., Frbbse E. 1981; Initiation of Bacillus subtilis sporulation by the stringent response to partial amino acid deprivation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256:6866–6875
    [Google Scholar]
32. Ochi K., Kandala J. C., Frbbse E. 1982; Evidence that Bacillus subtilis sporulation induced by the stringent response is caused by the decrease in GTP or GDP. Journal of Bacteriology 151:1062–1065
    [Google Scholar]
33. Ochi K., Saito Y., Umehara K., Ueda I., Kohsaka M. 1984; Restoration of aerial mycelium and antibiotic production in a Streptomyces griseojlavus arginine auxotroph. Journal of General Microbiology 130:2007–2013
    [Google Scholar]
34. Okanisid M., Umezawa H. 1978; Plasmid involved in antibiotic production in streptomycetes. In Genetics of the Actinomycetes pp 19–38
    [Google Scholar]
35. Parker J., Watson R.J., Friesen J. D. 1976; A relaxed mutant with an altered ribosomal protein L11. Molecular and General Genetics 144:111–114
    [Google Scholar]
36. Riesenberg D., Bergter F., Kari C. 1984; Effect of serine hydroxamate and methyl /alpha-D-glucopyranoside treatment on nucleoside polyphosphate pools, RNA and protein accumulation in Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Journal of General Microbiology 130:2549–2558
    [Google Scholar]
37. Zelinka J. 1979; The synthesis of highly phosphorylated nucleotides, RNA and protein by Streptomyces aureofaciens. Journal of Antibiotics 32:53–58
    [Google Scholar]
38. Smith I., Parbss P., Pemca S. 1978; Thiostrepton-resistant mutants exhibit relaxed synthesis of RNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 75:5993–5997
    [Google Scholar]
39. Smith I., Parbss P., Gabane K., Dubnau E. 1980; Genetics and physiology of the rel system of Bacillus subtilis. Molecular and General Genetics 178:271–279
    [Google Scholar]
40. Stastna J., Mikulik K. 1981; Role of highly phosphorylated nucleotides and antibiotics in the development of Streptomyces. In Actinomycetes pp 481–486
    [Google Scholar]
41. Stephens J. C., Arts S. W., Ambs B. N. 1975; Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp): positive effector for histidine operon transcription and general signal for amino acid deficiency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72:4389–4393
    [Google Scholar]
42. Sterlini J., Mandeistam J. 1969; Commitment to sporulation of Bacillus subtilis and its relationship to development of actinomycin resistance. Biochemical Journal 113:29–37
    [Google Scholar]
43. Surowitz K. G., Pfister R. M. 1985; Variations in levels of CAMP, DNA and RNA in Streptomyces alboniger under conditions of aerial mycelium formation and repression. FEM S Microbiology Letters 26:1–4
    [Google Scholar]
44. Swanton M., Edlin G. 1972; Isolation and characterization of an R NA relaxed mutant of B subtilis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-munications 46:583–588
    [Google Scholar]
45. Wu T.-W., Scrimgeour K. G. 1973; Properties of inosinic acid dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis II. Kinetic properties. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 51:1391–1398
    [Google Scholar]