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SUMMARY: A mutant defective in ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity and having a concomitant aerial mycelium-negative phenotype was isolated from Streptomyces fradiae. The aerial mycelium formation of the mutant could be restored by replacing L-arginine with L-citrulline in the minimal medium. The possibility that the ornithine cycle is connected with the regulation of aerial mycelium formation is discussed.