1887

Abstract

Extracellular laccase (EC 1.14.18.1) of the cultivated mushroom was produced constitutively in defined or complex media. No enzyme induction was found after treatment with cycloheximide or with other potential inducers such as toluidine or xylidine. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and affinity chromatography. It eluted as a single peak from ion-exchange, gel filtration and affinity columns and sedimented as a single band on centrifugation. It showed four enzymically active bands on electrophoresis and a diffuse band on isoelectric focusing. Its molecular weight was estimated to be about 100000 and the enzyme contained 15% carbohydrate and two atoms of copper per molecule. The substrate specificity was similar to that of other fungal laccases. Antiserum prepared against the purified enzyme gave one major precipitin band.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-117-2-327
1980-04-01
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/117/2/mic-117-2-327.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-117-2-327&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ander P., Eriksson K. E. 1976; The importance of phenol oxidase activity in lignin degradation by the white rot fungus Sporotrichum pulverentum.. Archives of Microbiology 109:1–8
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Andrus S. 1955; Determination of copper in plant materials by means of zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate.. Analyst 80:514–516
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barton R. J. 1972; Anomalous behaviour of bovine serum albumin in electrophoresis on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel.. Biochemical Journal 129:983–985
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Blaich R., Esser K. 1975; Function of enzymes in wood destroying fungi. II. Multiple forms of laccase in white rot fungi.. Archives of Microbiology 103:271–277
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bocks S. M. 1967; Fungal metabolism II.Studies on the formation and activity of p-diphenol oxidase (laccase).. Phytochemistry 6:777–783
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Brunt A. A. 1977; Some hosts and properties of narcissus latent virus, a carlavirus commonly infecting narcissus and bulbous iris.. Annals of Applied Biology 87:355–364
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bull A. T., Carter B. L. A. 1973; The isolation of tyrosinase from Aspergillus nidulans, its kinetic and molecular properties and some consideration of its activity in vivo.. Journal of General Microbiology 75:61–73
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cheung D. S. M., Marshall K. C. 1969; Antigenic and some kinetic properties of three p-diphenol oxidase isoenzymes of Trametes versicolor.. Biochimica et biophysica acta 178:177–180
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Chrambach A., Reisfeld R. A., Wyckoff M., Zaccari J. 1967; A procedure for rapid and sensitive staining of protein fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.. Analytical Biochemistry 20:150–154
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Clutterbuck A. J. 1972; Absence of laccase from yellow-spored mutants of Aspergillus nidulans.. Journal of General Microbiology 70:423–435
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Cook K. A., Cain R. B. 1977; Enzymes of the 3-oxoadipate pathway in fungi: a serological study of 3-carboxymuconate cyclase (lactonizing enzyme) in fungi and its possible taxonomic significance.. Journal of General Microbiology 102:81–94
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Davis B. J. 1964; Disc electrophoresis II.Method and applications to human serum proteins.. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 121:404–427
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Dubernet M., Ribereau-Gayon P., Lerner H., Harel E., Mayer A. M. 1977; Purification and properties of laccase from Botrytis cinerea.. Phytochemistry 16:191–193
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Dunker A. K., Rueckert R. R. 1969; Observations on molecular weight determinations on polyacrylamide gel.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 244:5074–5080
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Esser K., Minuth W. 1970; The phenol oxidases of the ascomycetePodospora anserina VI.Genetic regulation of the formation of laccase.. Genetics 64:441–458
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Esser K., Minuth W. 1971; The phenoloxidases of the ascomycetePodospora anserina IX. Microheterogeneity of laccase II.. European Journal of Biochemistry 23:484–488
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Fahraeus G., Reinhammar B. 1967; Large scale production and purification of laccase from cultures of the fungus Polyporus versicolor, and some properties of laccase A.. Acta chemica scandinavica 21:2367–2378
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Fahraeus G., Tullander G., Ljunggren H. 1958; Production of high laccase yields in cultures of fungi.. Physiologia plantarum 11:631–643
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Froehner S. C., Eriksson K. E. 1974a; Induction of Neurospora crassalaccase with protein synthesis inhibitors.. Journal of Bacteriology 120:450–457
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Froehner S. C., Eriksson K. E. 1974b; Purification and properties of Neurospora crassalaccase.. Journal of Bacteriology 120:458–465
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Gabriel O. 1971; Locating enzymes on gels.. Methods in Enzymology 22:578–604
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Graves C. J., Sutcliffe J. F. 1974; An effect of copper deficiency on the initiation and development of flower buds of Chrysanthemum morifolium grown in solution culture.. Annals of Botany 38:729–738
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hewitt E. J., Smith T. A. 1975 Plant Mineral Nutrition London: English Universities Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Higuchi T. 1971; Formation and biological degradation of lignins.. Advances in Enzymology 34:207–283
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Jonsson M., Pettersson E., Reinhammar B. 1968; Isoelectric fractionation, analysis and characterisation of ampholytes in natural pH gradients. VII. The isoelectric spectra of fungal laccase A and B.. Acta chemica scandinavica 22:2135–2140
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Kent Kirk T. 1971; Effects of microorganisms on lignin.. Annual Review of Phytopathology 9:185–210
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Kent Kirk T., Connors W. J., Zeikus J. G. 1977; Advances in understanding the microbiological degradation of lignin.. In Recent Advances in Phytochemistry 11 pp. 369–394 Loewus F. A., Runeckles V. C. Edited by New York: Plenum Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Leonard T. J. 1971; Phenoloxidase activity and fruiting body formation in Schizophyllum commune.. Journal of Bacteriology 106:162–167
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Leonard T. J., Philips L. E. 1973; Study of phenoloxidase activity during the reproductive cycle in Schizophyllum commune.. Journal of Bacteriology 114:7–10
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Leonowicz A., Trojanowski J. 1975; Induction of a new laccase in the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus by ferulic acid.. Microbios 13:167–174
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Malmstrom B. A., Andreasson L. E., Reinhammar B. 1975; Copper-containing oxidases and superoxide dismutase.. In The Enzymes 12, 3rd edn. pp. 507–579 Boyer P. D. Edited by New York & London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Markham R. 1960; A graphical method for the rapid determination of sedimentation coefficients.. Biochemical Journal 77:516–519
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Martin R. A., Ames B. N. 1961; A method for determining the sedimentation behaviour of enzymes.Application to protein mixtures.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 236:1372–1379
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Matsubara T., Iwasaki H. 1972; Occurrence of laccase and tyrosinase in fungi of Agaricales and comparative study of laccase from Russula delicaand Russula pseudodelica.. Botanical Magazine, Tokyo 85:71–83
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Maw G. A., Flegg P. B. 1975; The mushroom as a source of dietary protein.. Annual Report of the Glasshouse Crops Research Institute for 1974 pp. 137–151
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Mayer A. M., Marbach I., Marbach A., Sharon A. 1977; Amino acid composition and molecular weight of Botrytis cinerealaccase.. Phytochemistry 16:1051–1052
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Molitoris H. P. 1976; Die Laccasen des Ascomyceten Podospora anserina.Eeitrage zur Kenntnis von Struktur und Funktion eines Systems multipler Enzyme.. In Bibliotheca Mycologica 52 Vaduz, Germany: J. Kramer;
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Mosbach R. 1963; Purification and some properties of laccase from Polyporus versicolor.. Biochimica et biophysica acta 73:204–212
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Ouchterlony O. 1949; Antigen-antibody reactions in gels.. Acta pathologica et microbiologica scandinavica 26:507–515
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Sober H. A. 1970 Handbook of Biochemistry, 2nd edn.. Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.: Chemical Rubber Co.;
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Strothkamp K. G., Jolley R. L., Mason H. S. 1976; Quaternary structure of mushroom tyrosinase.. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 70:519–524
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Treschow C. 1944; Nutrition of the cultivated mushroom.. Dansk botanisk Arkiv 11:1–180
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Walker J. R. L. 1968; Studies on the diphenol oxidase of the phytopathogenic fungus Glomerella cingulata. Inhibition by quaternary ammonium compounds.. Phytochemistry 7:1231–1240
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Wood D. A. 1976; Primordium formation in axenic cultures of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing.. Journal of General Microbiology 95:313–323
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Wood D. A. 1980; Inactivation of extracellular laccase during fruiting of Agaricus bisporus.. Journal of General Microbiology 117:339–345
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Wood D. A., Goodenough P. W. 1977; Fruiting of Agaricus bisporus. Changes in extracellular enzyme activities during growth and fruiting.. Archives of Microbiology 114:161–165
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Wrigley C. W. 1968; Gel electrofocussing - a technique for analysing multiple protein samples by isoelectric focussing.. Science Tools 15:17–23
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-117-2-327
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-117-2-327
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error