1887

Abstract

General ignorance coupled with a confusion of views, statistics and circumstances has long obscured the true perspective of protozoal diseases.

‘Protozoa cause one or two fairly rare diseases in plants, animals and men, but as far as we know they have relatively small impact on mankind compared with other microbes.’ J. R. Postgate, (), 1977.

‘Throughout the world, there are approximately 150 million clinical cases (of malaria) annually. In tropical Africa alone, where malaria affects practically the entire population, it has been estimated that every year the disease causes the death of one million children under the age of 14 years.... Sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) constitutes a permanent and serious risk to the health and wellbeing of at least 35 million people, and animal trypanosomiasis is the main obstacle to the development of the vast potential for livestock development in the (African) continent.... Millions of people on the American continents suffer and many die from Chagas’ disease, hampering socioeconomic development of the affected areas.’ ( 76.6 & 76.12) , 1976.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-113-1-1
1979-07-01
2024-12-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/113/1/mic-113-1-1.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-113-1-1&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Baltz T., Baltz D., Pautrizel R. 1976; Affinité de la Concanavaline A pour Trypanosoma equiperdum: applications a l’isolement de la fraction glycoprotéique spécifique du type antigénique. Annates d’immunologie 127C:761–774
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Baltz T., Baltz D., Pautrizel R., Richet C., Lamblin G., Degand P. 1977; Chemical and immunological characterization of specific glycoproteins from Trypanosoma equiperdum variants. FEBS Letters 82:93–96
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barbet A.F., Mcguire T.C. 1978; Crossreacting determinants in variant-specific surface antigens of African trypanosomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 751989–1993
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bridgen P.J., Cross G.A.M., Bridgen J. 1976; N-terminal amino acid sequences of variant-specific surface antigens from Trypanosoma brucei. Nature; London: 263613–614
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cross G.A.M. 1975; Identification, purification and properties of variant specific glycoprotein antigens constituting the surface coat of Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitology 71:393–417
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cross G.A.M. 1977a; Isolation, structure and function of variant-specific surface antigens. Annales de la Sociéte beige de médecine tropicale 57:389–399
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cross G.A.M. 1977b; Antigenic variation in trypanosomes. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 26:240–244
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cross G.A.M. 1978; Antigenic variation in trypanosomes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 20255–72
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cross G.A.M. 1979; Cross reacting determinants in the C-terminal region of trypanosome variant surface antigens. Nature; London: 277310–312
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Cross G.A.M., Johnson J.G. 1976; Structure and organisation of variant-specific surface antigens of Trypanosoma brucei. In Biochemistry of Parasites and Host-Parasite Relationships pp. 413–420 Van den Bossche H. Edited by Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Doyle J.J. 1977; Antigenic variation in the haemoprotozoa. In Immunity to Blood Parasites of Animals and Man pp. 31–63 Miller L.H., Pino J.A., Mckelvey J.J. Edited by New York & London: Plenum Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gray A.R., Luckins A.G. 1976; Antigenic variation in salivarian trypanosomes. In Biology of the Kinetoplastida 1 pp. 493–542 Lumsden W.H.R., Evans D.A. Edited by London & New York: Academic Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hirumi H., Doyle J.J., Hirumi K. 1977; African trypanosomes: cultivation of animal-infective Trypanosoma brucei in vitro. Science 196:992–994
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Johnson J.G., Cross G.A.M. 1977; Carbohydrate composition of variant-specific surface antigen glycoproteins from Trypanosoma brucei. Journal of Protozoology 24:587–591
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Johnson J.G., Cross G.A.M. 1979; Selective cleavage of variant surface glycoproteins from Trypanosoma brucei. Biochemical Journal 178:689–697
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Lanham S.M. 1968; Separation of trypanosomes from the blood of infected rats and mice by anion exchangers. Nature; London: 2181273–1274
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Lanham S.M., Godfrey D.G. 1970; Isolation of salivarian trypanosomes from man and other mammals using DEAE-cellulose. Experimental Parasitology 28:521–534
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Porter R.R. 1973; Structural studies of immuno-globulins. Science 180:713–716
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Reinwald E., Risse H.J., Selker R. 1978; Identification of the surface coat protein of Trypanosoma congolense by use of diazotised sulfanilic acid. Hoppe-Seyler’s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie 359:939–944
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Rifkin M.R. 1978; Identification of the trypanocidal factor in normal human serum: high density lipoprotein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 753450–3454
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Rovis L., Barbet A.F., Williams R.O. 1978; Characterisation of the surface coat of Trypanosoma congolense. Nature; London: 271654–656
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Vickerman K. 1969; On the surface coat and flagellar adhesion in trypanosomes. Journal of Cell Science 5163–193
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Vickerman K. 1971; Morphological and physiological considerations of extracellular blood protozoa. In Ecology and Physiology of Parasites: a Symposium pp. 58–91 Fallis A.M. Edited by Toronto: University Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Vickerman K. 1974; Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes. In Parasites in the Immunized Host: Mechanisms of Survival Ciba Foundation Symposium 25 (new series) pp. 53–80 Amsterdam: Associated Scientific Publishers.;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Vickerman K. 1978; Antigenic variation in trypanosomes. Nature; London: 273613–617
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-113-1-1
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-113-1-1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error