1887

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Volume 8, Issue 11

Genetic association of toxin production in the dinoflagellate Open Access

Abstract

Dinoflagellates of the genus are responsible for harmful algal blooms and produce paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). Their very large and complex genomes make it challenging to identify the genes responsible for toxin synthesis. A family-based genomic association study was developed to determine the inheritance of toxin production in and identify genomic regions linked to this production. We show that the ability to produce toxins is inheritable in a Mendelian way, while the heritability of the toxin profile is more complex. We developed the first dinoflagellate genetic linkage map. Using this map, several major results were obtained: 1. A genomic region related to the ability to produce toxins was identified. 2. This region does not contain any polymorphic genes, known to be involved in toxin production in cyanobacteria. 3. The genes, known to be present in a single cluster in cyanobacteria, are scattered on different linkage groups in . 4. The expression of two genes not assigned to any linkage group, and , may be regulated by the genomic region related to the ability to produce toxins. Our results provide new insights into the organization of toxicity-related genes in , suggesting a dissociated genetic mechanism for the production of the different analogues and the ability to produce toxins. However, most of the newly identified genes remain unannotated. This study therefore proposes new candidate genes to be further explored to understand how dinoflagellates synthesize their toxins.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Alexandrium minutum , Genetic linkage map , Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) , sxtG , sxtI and Toxin inheritance
© 2022 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License.
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2022-11-03
2024-05-01
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Genetic association of toxin production in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum
M Gen 8, 000879 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000879
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