1887

Abstract

Fungaemia caused by spp. in hospitalized patients requires prompt and appropriate therapy, but standard methods for the definition of the antifungal susceptibility have not been established yet. In this study, the susceptibility of from bloodstream infections (BSIs) to amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC), posaconazole (POS) and voriconazole (VRC) was assessed using the broth microdilution (BMD) method of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) with different media such as modified Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), RPMI and Christensen’s urea broth (CUB). Optimal broth media that allow sufficient growth of , and produce reliable and reproducible MICs using the CLSI BMD protocol were assessed. Thirty-six isolates collected from BSIs of patients before and during AMB therapy, and receiving FLC prophylaxis, were tested. A good growth of was observed in RPMI, CUB and SDB at 32 °C for 48 and 72 h. No statistically significant differences were detected between the MIC values registered after 48 and 72 h incubation. ITC, POS and VRC displayed lower MICs than FLC and AMB. These last two antifungal drugs showed higher and lower MICs, respectively, when the isolates were tested in SDB. SDB is the only medium in which it is possible to detect isolates with high FLC MICs in patients receiving FLC prophylaxis. A large number of isolates showed high AMB MIC values regardless of the media used. In conclusion, SDB might be suitable to determine triazole susceptibility. However, the media, the drug formulation or the breakpoints herein applied might not be useful for assessing the AMB susceptibility of from BSIs.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.078709-0
2014-11-01
2024-11-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/63/11/1467.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.078709-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Arendrup M. C., Boekhout T., Akova M., Meis J. F., Cornely O. A., Lortholary O.on behalf of the ESCMID EFISG study group and ECMM 2014; ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of rare invasive yeast infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 20:Suppl 376–98 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ashbee H. R. 2007; Update on the genus Malassezia. Med Mycol 45:287–303 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barchiesi F., Spreghini E., Sanguinetti M., Giannini D., Manso E., Castelli P., Girmenia C. 2013; Effects of amphotericin B on Aspergillus flavus clinical isolates with variable susceptibilities to the polyene in an experimental model of systemic aspergillosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 68:2587–2591 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cafarchia C., Gasser R. B., Figueredo L. A., Latrofa M. S., Otranto D. 2011; Advances in the identification of Malassezia.. Mol Cell Probes 25:1–7 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cafarchia C., Figueredo L. A., Favuzzi V., Surico M. R., Colao V., Iatta R., Montagna M. T., Otranto D. 2012a; Assessment of the antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis in various media using a CLSI protocol. Vet Microbiol 159:536–540 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cafarchia C., Figueredo L. A., Iatta R., Montagna M. T., Otranto D. 2012b; In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis from dogs with and without skin lesions. Vet Microbiol 155:395–398 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Carrillo-Muñoz A. J., Rojas F., Tur-Tur C., de Los Ángeles Sosa M., Diez G. O., Espada C. M., Payá M. J., Giusiano G. 2013; In vitro antifungal activity of topical and systemic antifungal drugs against Malassezia species. Mycoses 56:571–575 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Chryssanthou E., Broberger U., Petrini B. 2001; Malassezia pachydermatis fungaemia in a neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatr 90:323–327 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. CLSI 2008; Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard. , 3rd edn. M27-A3 Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute;
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Diekema D. J., Messer S. A., Boyken L. B., Hollis R. J., Kroeger J., Tendolkar S., Pfaller M. A. 2009; In vitro activity of seven systemically active antifungal agents against a large global collection of rare Candida species as determined by CLSI broth microdilution methods. J Clin Microbiol 47:3170–3177 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Figueredo L. A., Cafarchia C., Desantis S., Otranto D. 2012; Biofilm formation of Malassezia pachydermatis from dogs. Vet Microbiol 160:126–131 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Figueredo L. A., Cafarchia C., Otranto D. 2013; Antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis biofilm. Med Mycol 51:863–867 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Findley K., Oh J., Yang J., Conlan S., Deming C., Meyer J. A., Schoenfeld D., Nomicos E., Park M.NIH Intramural Sequencing Center Comparative Sequencing Program Kong H. H., Segre J. A. 2013; Topographic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in human skin. Nature 498:367–370 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Gaitanis G., Magiatis P., Hantschke M., Bassukas I. D., Velegraki A. 2012; The Malassezia genus in skin and systemic diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 25:106–141 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Guého E., Midgley G., Guillot J. 1996; The genus Malassezia with description of four new species. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 69:337–355 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Iatta R., Caggiano G., Cuna T., Montagna M. T. 2011; Antifungal susceptibility testing of a 10-year collection of Candida spp. isolated from patients with candidemia. J Chemother 23:92–96 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Iatta R., Cafarchia C., Cuna T., Montagna O., Laforgia N., Gentile O., Rizzo A., Boekhout T., Otranto D., Montagna M. T. 2014; Bloodstream infections by Malassezia and Candida species in critical care patients. Med Mycol 52:264–269 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Jesus F. P., Lautert C., Zanette R. A., Mahl D. L., Azevedo M. I., Machado M. L., Dutra V., Botton S. A., Alves S. H., Santurio J. M. 2011; In vitro susceptibility of fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant isolates of Malassezia pachydermatis against azoles. Vet Microbiol 152:161–164 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Kolecka A., Khayhan K., Arabatzis M., Velegraki A., Kostrzewa M., Andersson A., Scheynius A., Cafarchia C., Iatta R.& other authors ( 2014; Efficient identification of Malassezia yeasts by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Br J Dermatol 170:332–341 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Marcon M. J., Powell D. A. 1992; Human infections due to Malassezia spp. Clin Microbiol Rev 5:101–119[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Oliveri S., Trovato L., Betta P., Romeo M. G., Nicoletti G. 2011; Malassezia furfur fungaemia in a neonatal patient detected by lysis-centrifugation blood culture method: first case reported in Italy. Mycoses 54:e638–e640 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Rex J. H., Pappas P. G., Karchmer A. W., Sobel J., Edwards J. E., Hadley S., Brass C., Vazquez J. A., Chapman S. W.& other authors ( 2003; A randomized and blinded multicenter trial of high-dose fluconazole plus placebo versus fluconazole plus amphotericin B as therapy for candidemia and its consequences in nonneutropenic subjects. Clin Infect Dis 36:1221–1228 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Rincón S., Cepero de García M. C., Espinel-Ingroff A. 2006; A modified Christensen’s urea and CLSI broth microdilution method for testing susceptibilities of six Malassezia species to voriconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. J Clin Microbiol 44:3429–3431 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Tragiannidis A., Bisping G., Koehler G., Groll A. H. 2010; Minireview: Malassezia infections in immunocompromised patients. Mycoses 53:187–195 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Velegraki A., Alexopoulos E. C., Kritikou S., Gaitanis G. 2004; Use of fatty acid RPMI 1640 media for testing susceptibilities of eight Malassezia species to the new triazole posaconazole and to six established antifungal agents by a modified NCCLS M27-A2 microdilution method and Etest. J Clin Microbiol 42:3589–3593 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Yurayart C., Nuchnoul N., Moolkum P., Jirasuksiri S., Niyomtham W., Chindamporn A., Kajiwara S., Prapasarakul N. 2013; Antifungal agent susceptibilities and interpretation of Malassezia pachydermatis and Candida parapsilosis isolated from dogs with and without seborrheic dermatitis skin. Med Mycol 51:721–730 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.078709-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.078709-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error