1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 58, Issue 8

Distribution of and among enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Free

Abstract

Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) translocate dozens of type III secretion system effectors, including the WxxxE effectors Map, EspM and EspT that activate Rho GTPases. While , which is carried on the LEE pathogenicity island, is absolutely conserved among EPEC and EHEC strains, the prevalence of and is not known. Here we report the results of a large screen aimed at determining the prevalence of and among clinical EPEC and EHEC isolates. The results suggest that , detected in 51 % of the tested strains, is more commonly found in EPEC and EHEC serogroups that are linked to severe human infections. In contrast, was absent from all the EHEC isolates and was found in only 1.8 % of the tested EPEC strains. Further characterization of the virulence gene repertoire of the -positive strains led to the identification of a new 2 intimin variant. All the -positive strains but two contained the gene. was first found in and later in EPEC E110019, which is of particular interest as this strain was responsible for a particularly severe diarrhoeal outbreak in Finland in 1987 that affected 650 individuals in a school complex and an additional 137 associated household members. Comparing the protein sequences of EspT to that of E110019 showed a high level of conservation, with only three strains encoding EspT that differed in 6 amino acids. At present, it is not clear why is so rare, and what impact EspM and EspT have on EPEC and EHEC infection.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): A/E, attaching and effacing , aEPEC, atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli , EHEC, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli , EPEC, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli , SF, sorbitol fermenting and tEPEC, typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
SGM
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.010231-0
2009-08-01
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/58/8/988.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.010231-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alto N. M., Shao F., Lazar C. S., Brost R. L., Chua G., Mattoo S., McMahon S. A., Ghosh P., Hughes T. R. other authors 2006; Identification of a bacterial type III effector family with G protein mimicry functions. Cell 124:133–145 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Arbeloa A., Bulgin R. R., MacKenzie G., Shaw R. K., Pallen M. J., Crepin V. F., Berger C. N., Frankel G. 2008; Subversion of actin dynamics by EspM effectors of attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. Cell Microbiol 10:1429–1441 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Barthold S. W., Coleman G. L., Bhatt P. N., Osbaldiston G. W., Jonas A. M. 1976; The etiology of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. Lab Anim Sci 26:889–894
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Berger C. N., Crepin V. F., Jepson M. A., Arbeloa A., Frankel G. 2009; The mechanisms used by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to control filopodia dynamics. Cell Microbiol 11:309–322 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Beuzon C. R., Meresse S., Unsworth K. E., Ruiz-Albert J., Garvis S., Waterman S. R., Ryder T. A., Boucrot E., Holden D. W. 2000; Salmonella maintains the integrity of its intracellular vacuole through the action of SifA. EMBO J 19:3235–3249 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Blanco M., Blanco J. E., Dahbi G., Alonso M. P., Mora A., Coira M. A., Madrid C., Juarez A., Bernardez M. I. other authors 2006a; Identification of two new intimin types in atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli . Int Microbiol 9:103–110
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Blanco M., Blanco J. E., Dahbi G., Mora A., Alonso M. P., Varela G., Gadea M. P., Schelotto F., Gonzalez E. A., Blanco J. 2006b; Typing of intimin ( eae ) genes from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea in Montevideo, Uruguay: identification of two novel intimin variants ( muB and xiR/beta2B . J Med Microbiol 55:1165–1174 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Bulgin R. R., Arbeloa A., Chung J. C., Frankel G. 2009; EspT triggers formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles through activation of Rac-1 and Cdc42. Cell Microbiol 11:217–229 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Chen H. D., Frankel G. 2005; Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli : unravelling pathogenesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 29:83–98 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Frankel G., Phillips A. D. 2008; Attaching effacing Escherichia coli and paradigms of Tir-triggered actin polymerization: getting off the pedestal. Cell Microbiol 10:549–556 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Garmendia J., Frankel G., Crepin V. F. 2005a; Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections: translocation, translocation, translocation. Infect Immun 73:2573–2585 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Garmendia J., Ren Z., Tennant S., Midolli Viera M. A., Chong Y., Whale A., Azzopardi K., Dahan S., Sircili M. P. other authors 2005b; Distribution of tccP in clinical enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. J Clin Microbiol 43:5715–5720 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Garrido P., Blanco M., Moreno-Paz M., Briones C., Dahbi G., Blanco J., Parro V. 2006; STEC-EPEC oligonucleotide microarray: a new tool for typing genetic variants of the LEE pathogenicity island of human and animal Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains. Clin Chem 52:192–201
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Gruenheid S., DeVinney R., Bladt F., Goosney D., Gelkop S., Gish G. D., Pawson T., Finlay B. B. 2001; Enteropathogenic E. coli Tir binds Nck to initiate actin pedestal formation in host cells. Nat Cell Biol 3:856–859 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Guinée P. A. M., Jansen W. H., Wadström T., Sellwood R. 1981; Escherichia coli associated with neonatal diarrhoea in piglets and calves. Curr Top Vet Anim Sci 13:126–162
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Hayashi T., Makino K., Ohnishi M., Kurokawa K., Ishii K., Yokoyama K., Han C. G., Ohtsubo E., Nakayama K. other authors 2001; Complete genome sequence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and genomic comparison with a laboratory strain K-12. DNA Res 8:11–22 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Iguchi A., Thomson N. R., Ogura Y., Saunders D., Ooka T., Henderson I. R., Harris D., Asadulghani M., Kurokawa K. other authors 2009; Complete genome sequence and comparative genome analysis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O127 : H6 strain E2348/69. J Bacteriol 191:347–354 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Jarvis K. G., Girón J. A., Jerse A. E., McDaniel T. K., Donnenberg M. S., Kaper J. B. 1995; Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli contains a putative type III secretion system necessary for the export of proteins involved in attaching-effacing lesions formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:7996–8000 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Jerse A. E., Yu J., Tall B. D., Kaper J. B. 1990; A genetic locus of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli necessary for the production of attaching and effacing lesions on tissue culture cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:7839–7843 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Kaper J. B. 1996; Defining EPEC. Rev Microbiol Sao Paulo 27:130–133
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Kenny B. 1999; Phosphorylation of tyrosine 474 of the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) Tir receptor molecule is essential for actin nucleating activity and is preceded by additional host modifications. Mol Microbiol 31:1229–1241 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Kenny B., Jepson M. 2000; Targeting of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) effector protein to host mitochondria. Cell Microbiol 2:579–590 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Kenny B., DeVinney R., Stein M., Reinscheid D. J., Frey E. A., Finlay B. B. 1997; Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) transfers its receptor for intimate adherence into mammalian cells. Cell 91:511–520 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Kenny B., Ellis S., Leard A. D., Warawa J., Mellor H., Jepson M. A. 2002; Co-ordinate regulation of distinct host cell signalling pathways by multifunctional enteropathogenic Escherichia coli effector molecules. Mol Microbiol 44:1095–1107 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Knutton S., Lloyd D. R., McNeish A. S. 1987; Adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to human intestinal enterocytes and cultured human intestinal mucosa. Infect Immun 55:69–77
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Levine M. M., Bergquist E. J., Nalin D. R., Waterman D. H., Hornick R. B., Young C. R., Sotman S. 1978; Escherichia coli strains that cause diarrhoea but do not produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins and are non-invasive. Lancet 1:1119–1122
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Mundy R., Petrovska L., Smollett K., Simpson N., Wilson R. K., Yu J., Tu X., Rosenshine I., Clare S. other authors 2004; Identification of a novel Citrobacter rodentium type III secreted protein, EspI, and roles of this and other secreted proteins in infection. Infect Immun 72:2288–2302 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Mundy R., MacDonald T. T., Dougan G., Frankel G., Wiles S. 2005; Citrobacter rodentium of mice and man. Cell Microbiol 7:1697–1706 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Nataro J. P., Kaper J. B. 1998; Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli . Clin Microbiol Rev 11:142–201
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Ogura Y., Abe H., Katsura K., Kurokawa K., Asadulghani M., Iguchi A., Ooka T., Nakayama K., Yamashita A. other authors 2008; Systematic identification and sequence analysis of the genomic islands of the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain B171–8 by the combined use of whole-genome PCR scanning and fosmid mapping. J Bacteriol 190:6948–6960 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Ohya K., Handa Y., Ogawa M., Suzuki M., Sasakawa C. 2005; IpgB1 is a novel Shigella effector protein involved in bacterial invasion of host cells. Its activity to promote membrane ruffling via Rac1 and Cdc42 activation. J Biol Chem 280:24022–24034 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Tarr P. I. 1995; Escherichia coli O157 : H7: clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological aspects of human infection. Clin Infect Dis 20:1–8 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Tobe T., Beatson S. A., Taniguchi H., Abe H., Bailey C. M., Fivian A., Younis R., Matthews S., Marches O. other authors 2006; An extensive repertoire of type III secretion effectors in Escherichia coli O157 and the role of lambdoid phages in their dissemination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:14941–14946 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Viljanen M. K., Peltola T., Junnila S. Y., Olkkonen L., Jarvinen H., Kuistila M., Huovinen P. 1990; Outbreak of diarrhoea due to Escherichia coli O111 : B4 in schoolchildren and adults: association of Vi antigen-like reactivity. Lancet 336:831–834 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Whale A. D., Hernandes R. T., Ooka T., Beutin L., Schuller S., Garmendia J., Crowther L., Vieira M. A., Ogura Y. other authors 2007; TccP2-mediated subversion of actin dynamics by EPEC 2 – a distinct evolutionary lineage of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli . Microbiology 153:1743–1755 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Wiles S., Clare S., Harker J., Huett A., Young D., Dougan G., Frankel G. 2004; Organ specificity, colonization and clearance dynamics in vivo following oral challenges with the murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium . Cell Microbiol 6:963–972 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.010231-0
Loading
Distribution of espM and espT among enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli
J. Med. Microbiol. 58, 988 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.010231-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.010231-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.010231-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error