1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 9, Issue 4

Acute respiratory, circulatory and pathological changes in the calf after intravenous injections of the galactan from Subsp. (Plates XXV and XXVI) Free

Abstract

Summary

Twenty of 28 calves, 10-12 weeks of age when given intravenous injections of the galactan from subsp. , showed transient apnoea, increased pulmonary arterial and decreased systemic arterial blood pressures, and increased packed-cell volume. Necropsy revealed haemorrhages associated with alveolar ducts and vessel walls, areas of pulmonary oedema, usually associated with the haemorrhages, dilated airways and, in some, capillary thrombosis. Animals that had shown changes in blood pressure and respiration in response to a dose of galactan did not react to a second dose an hour later. One goat tested died, four lambs were mildly affected and a cat and several rats and guinea-pigs did not respond.

It is suggested that the galactan released biogenic amines that produced the effects listed. Immunological mechanisms were discounted on the grounds that only a small amount of antigenic material was injected at the time the reaction occurred, and neither serological nor skin tests produced any evidence of prior sensitisation to the galactan or a similar substance.

A relationship between reactivity to the galactan and susceptibility to the natural disease has been suggested. This, together with the pulmonary oedema found in galactan-treated calves and in natural lesions of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), and the possibility that contraction of blood vessels could be an initiating cause of thrombosis indicates the role that galactan may play in the pathogenesis of CBPP.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
© The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1976
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-9-4-379
1976-11-01
2024-04-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/9/4/medmicro-9-4-379.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-9-4-379&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aitken M. M., Sanford J. 1972; Effects of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and bradykinin on cattle and their modification by antagonists and by vagotomy. J. comp. Path 82:257
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Best P. V., Heath D. 1961; Interpretation of the appearances of the small pulmonary blood vessels in animals. Circulation Res 9:288
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bliss C. I. 1967 Statistics in biology. New York: vol. 1 p. 243
     [Google Scholar]
  4. British Pharmacopoeia 1968 London: p. 1348
  5. Campbell A. D., Turner A. W. 1953; Studies on contagious pleuropneumonia of cattle. IV. An improved complement-fixation test. Aust. vet. J 29:154
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Cottew G. S. 1960; Indirect haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition with Mycoplasma mycoides. Aust. vet. J. 36:54
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Cottew G. S. 1962; Enhancement of the complement fixation reaction with a soluble antigen from Mycoplasma mycoides. Nature 194:308
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Dacie J. V., Lewis S. M. 1968 Practical haematology. , 4th ed.. London: p. 72
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Dawes G. S., Comroe J. H. Jr 1954; Chemoreflexes from the heart and lungs. Physiol. Rev 34:167
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Etheridge J. R., Lloyd L. C. 1968; Increased sensitivity of the complement fixation test for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia on sera preserved with phenol. Bull, epizoot. Dis. Afr 16:295
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Guyton A. C., Lindsey A. W. 1959; Effect of elevated left atrial pressure and decreased plasma protein concentration on the development of pulmonary edema. Circulation Res 7:649
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Hudson J. R., Buttery S., Cottew G. S. 1967; Investigations into the influence of the galactan of Mycoplasma mycoides on experimental infection with that organism. J. Path. Bact 94:257
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Inglis A. S., Nicholls P. W., Roxburgh C. M. 1971; Quantitative determination of cysteine and cystine in peptides and proteins using hydro iodic acid. Aust. J. biol. Sci 24:1241
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Kaklamanis E., Thomas L. 1970 The toxins of mycoplasma. In Microbial toxins, vol. Ill edited by Montie T. C., Kadis S., Ajl S. J. New York and London: p. 493
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Lloyd L. C., Buttery S. H., Hudson J. R. 1971; The effect of the galactan and other antigens of Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides on experimental infection with that organism in cattle. J. med. Microbiol 4:425
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Lloyd L. C., Piercy D. W. T., Bingley J. B. 1975; Changes in fibrinogen levels, platelet counts, clotting times and fibrinolytic activity in relation to thrombosis in contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia. J. comp. Path 85:583
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Lloyd L. C., Trethewie E. R. 1970 Contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia. In The role of mycoplasmas and L forms of bacteria in disease edited by Sharp J. T. Springfield, III; pp. 177185
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Longley E. O. 1951 Contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia. A study of the disease in Nigeria. Colonial Research Publication. no. 7 London: p. 14
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Miller W. S. 1947 The lung. , 2nd ed.. Springfield, III p. 80
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Paintal A. S. 1973; Vagal sensory receptors and their reflex effects. Physiol. Rev 53:159
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Schalm O. W. 1965 Veterinary hematology. , 2nd ed.. Philadelphia p. 80
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Simmons G. C., Johnston L. A. Y. 1963; Arthritis in calves caused by Mycoplasma sp. Aust. vet. J 39:11
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Turner A. W. 1954; Epidemiological characteristics of bovine contagious pleuropneumonia. Aust. vet. J 30:312
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Visscher M. B., Haddy F. J., Stephens G. 1956; The physiology and pharmacology of lung edema. Pharmac. Rev 8:389
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Wray C., Thomlinson J. R. 1969; Anaphylaxis in calves and the development of gastro-intestinal lesions. J. Path 98:61
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Zucker M. B., Borrelli J. 1955; Quantity, assay and release of serotonin in human platelets. J. appl. Physiol 7:425
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-9-4-379
Loading
Acute respiratory, circulatory and pathological changes in the calf after intravenous injections of the galactan from Mycoplasma mycoides Subsp. mycoides (Plates XXV and XXVI)
J. Med. Microbiol. 9, 379 (1976); https://doi.org/10.1099/00222615-9-4-379
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-9-4-379
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-9-4-379
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error