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Journal of General Virology header logo Journal of General Virology

Volume 90, Issue 4

ERK MAP kinase-activated Arf6 trafficking directs coxsackievirus type B3 into an unproductive compartment during virus host-cell entry No Access

Abstract

Clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis have been implicated in the productive entry of many viruses into host cells. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6)-dependent endocytosis is another endocytosis pathway that traffics from the cell surface and it is the only Arf that traffics at the plasma membrane. However, little is known about Arf6-dependent trafficking during virus entry. This study showed that coxsackievirus type B3 (CVB3) associated with decay-accelerating factor in non-polarized HeLa cells can be redirected into non-productive compartments by Arf6-dependent internalization, thus restricting infection. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) and constitutively active (CA) Arf6 in HeLa cells resulted in a 2.3- and 3.6-fold decrease in infection, respectively. A dominant-negative inhibitor of Arf6 recovered restriction of infection by WT-Arf6 and CA-Arf6. RNA interference of endogenous Arf6 resulted in a 3.3-fold increase in CVB3 titre in HeLa cells. It was shown that coxsackie–adenovirus receptor (CAR) ligation by virus or CAR-specific antibody could activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family and lead to Arf6-mediated viral restriction. In the absence of ERK activation, CVB3 internalization into early endosomes was inhibited and subsequent infection was reduced, but Arf6-mediated restriction was also abolished. In conclusion, receptor-mediated signalling enhances CVB3 entry whilst also activating non-productive pathways of virus entry; thus, virus infection is an equilibrium of productive and non-productive pathways of entry.

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2009-04-01
2025-04-18
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/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.005868-0
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ERK MAP kinase-activated Arf6 trafficking directs coxsackievirus type B3 into an unproductive compartment during virus host-cell entry
J. Gen. Virol. 90, 854 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.005868-0
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.005868-0
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/vir.0.005868-0
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