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Volume 104, Issue 2

The coat protein of the ilarvirus prunus necrotic ringspot virus mediates long-distance movement Open Access

Abstract

The coat protein (CP) of plant viruses generally has multiple functions involving infection, replication, movement and pathogenicity. Functions of the CP of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), the causal agent of several threatening diseases of fruit trees, are poorly studied. Previously, we identified a novel virus in apple, apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV), which is phylogenetically related to PNRSV and probably associated with apple mosaic disease in China. Full-length cDNA clones of PNRSV and ApNMV were constructed, and both are infectious in cucumber ( L.), an experimental host. PNRSV exhibited higher systemic infection efficiency with more severe symptoms than ApNMV. Reassortment analysis of genomic RNA segments 1–3 found that RNA3 of PNRSV could enhance the long-distance movement of an ApNMV chimaera in cucumber, indicating the association of RNA3 of PNRSV with viral long-distance movement. Deletion mutagenesis of the PNRSV CP showed that the basic motif from amino acids 38 to 47 was crucial for the CP to maintain the systemic movement of PNRSV. Moreover, we found that arginine residues 41, 43 and 47 codetermine viral long-distance movement. The findings demonstrate that the CP of PNRSV is required for long-distance movement in cucumber, which expands the functions of ilarvirus CPs in systemic infection. For the first time, we identified involvement of CP protein during long-distance movement.

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Keyword(s): ApNMV , cucumber , long-distance movement , PNRSV , reassortment and viral pathogenesis
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (Award 2019YFD1001804)
    • Principle Award Recipient: ShifangLi
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (Award 31872922)
    • Principle Award Recipient: HongqingWang
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2023-02-21
2024-05-18
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The coat protein of the ilarvirus prunus necrotic ringspot virus mediates long-distance movement
J. Gen. Virol. 104, 001829 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001829
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001829
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001829
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