1887

Abstract

The vaccinia virus (VV) interferon (IFN)-γ receptor (IFN-γR) is a 43 kDa soluble glycoprotein that is secreted from infected cells early during infection. Here we demonstrate that the IFN-γR from VV, cowpox virus and camelpox virus exists naturally as a homodimer, whereas the cellular IFN-γR dimerizes only upon binding the homodimeric IFN-γ. The existence of the virus protein as a dimer in the absence of ligand may provide an advantage to the virus in efficient binding and inhibition of IFN-γ in solution.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-83-3-545
2002-03-01
2024-10-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/83/3/0830545a.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-83-3-545&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aguet M., Dembic Z., Merlin G. 1988; Molecular cloning and expression of the human interferon-γ receptor. Cell 55:273–280
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Alcamí A., Smith G. L. 1992; A soluble receptor for interleukin-1 beta encoded by vaccinia virus: a novel mechanism of virus modulation of the host response to infection. Cell 71:153–167
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Alcamí A., Smith G. L. 1995; Vaccinia, cowpox, and camelpox viruses encode soluble gamma interferon receptors with novel broad species specificity. Journal of Virology 69:4633–4639
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Alcamí A., Symons J. A., Collins P. D., Williams T. J., Smith G. L. 1998; Blockade of chemokine activity by a soluble chemokine binding protein from vaccinia virus. Journal of Immunology 160:624–633
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Alcamí A., Khanna A., Paul N. L., Smith G. L. 1999; Vaccinia virus strains Lister, USSR and Evans express soluble and cell surface tumour necrosis factors receptor. Journal of General Virology 80:949–959
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Alcamí A., Symons J. A., Smith G. L. 2000; The vaccinia soluble IFN-α/β receptor binds to the cell surface and protects cells from the anti-viral effects of IFN. Journal of Virology 74:11230–11239
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cao J. X., Gershon P. D., Black D. N. 1995; Sequence analysis of HindIII Q2 fragment of capripoxvirus reveals a putative gene encoding a G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor homologue. Virology 209:207–212
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Colamonici O. R., Domanski P., Sweitzer S. M., Larner A., Buller R. M. L. 1995; Vaccinia virus B18R gene encodes a type I interferon-binding protein that blocks interferon α transmembrane signaling. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270:15974–15978
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Ealick S. E., Cook W. J., Vijay-Kumar S., Carson M., Nagabhushan T. L., Trotta P. P., Bugg C. E. 1991; Three-dimensional structure of recombinant human interferon-gamma. Science 252:698–702
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Farrar M. A., Schreiber R. D. 1993; The molecular cell biology of interferon-γ and its receptor. Annual Review of Immunology 11:571–611
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Fountoulakis M., Schlaeger E.-J., Gentz R., Juranville J.-F., Manneberg M., Ozmen L., Garotta G. 1991; Purification and biochemical characterization of a soluble mouse interferon-γ receptor produced in insect cells. European Journal of Biochemistry 198:441–450
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Fountoulakis M., Zulauf M., Lustig A., Garotta G. 1992; Stoichiometry of interaction between interferon γ and its receptor. European Journal of Biochemistry 208:781–787
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Goodbourn S., Didcock L., Randall R. E. 2000; Interferons: cell signalling, immune modulation, antiviral response and virus countermeasures. Journal of General Virology 81:2341–2364
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Graham K. A., Lalani A. S., Macen J. L., Ness T. L., Barry M., Liu L., Lucas A., Clark-Lewis I., Moyer R. W., McFadden G. 1997; The T1/35kDa family of poxvirus-secreted proteins bind chemokines and modulate leukocyte influx into virus-infected tissues. Virology 229:12–24
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Greenlund A. C., Schreiber R. D., Goeddel D. V., Pennica D. 1993; Interferon-γ induces receptor dimerization in solution and on cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268:18103–18110
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Howard S. T., Chan Y. S., Smith G. L. 1991; Vaccinia virus homologues of the Shope fibroma virus inverted terminal repeat proteins and a discontinuous ORF related to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Virology 180:633–647
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kotwal G. J., Isaacs S. N., McKenzie R., Frank M. M., Moss B. 1990; Inhibition of the complement cascade by the major secretory protein of vaccinia virus. Science 250:827–830
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Massung R. F., Jayarama V., Moyer R. W. 1993; DNA sequence analysis of conserved and unique regions of swinepox: identification of genetic elements supporting phenotypic observations including a novel G protein-coupled receptor homologue. Virology 197:511–528
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Massung R. F., Liu L. I., Qi J., Knight J. C., Yuran T. E., Kerlavage A. R., Parsons J. M., Venter J. C., Esposito J. J. 1994; Analysis of the complete genome of smallpox variola major virus strain Bangladesh-1975. Virology 201:215–240
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Mossman K., Upton C., Buller R. M., McFadden G. 1995a; Species specificity of ectromelia virus and vaccinia virus interferon-gamma binding proteins. Virology 208:762–769
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Mossman K., Upton C., McFadden G. 1995b; The myxoma virus-soluble interferon-gamma receptor homolog, M-T7, inhibits interferon-gamma in a species-specific manner. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270:3031–3038
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Mossman K., Nation P., Macen J., Garbutt M., Lucas A., McFadden G. 1996; Myxoma virus M-T7, a secreted homolog of the interferon-gamma receptor, is a critical virulence factor for the development of myxomatosis in European rabbits. Virology 215:17–30
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Puehler F., Weining K. C., Symons J. A., Smith G. L., Staeheli P. 1998; Vaccinia virus-encoded cytokine receptor binds and neutralizes chicken interferon-gamma. Virology 248:231–240
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Samudzi C. T., Burton L. E., Rubin J. R. 1991; Crystal structure of recombinant rabbit interferon-gamma at 2·7-Å resolution. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266:21791–21797
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Samuel C. E. 1991; Antiviral actions of interferon. Interferon-regulated cellular proteins and their surprisingly selective antiviral activities. Virology 183:1–11
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Schreiber M., Rajarathnam K., McFadden G. 1996; Myxoma virus T2 protein, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor homolog, is secreted as a monomer and dimer that each bind rabbit TNFα, but the dimer is a more potent TNF inhibitor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271:13333–13341
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Shchelkunov S. N., Safronov P. F., Totmenin A. V., Petrov N. A., Ryazankina O. I., Gutorov V. V., Kotwal G. J. 1998; The genomic sequence analysis of the left and right species-specific terminal region of a cowpox virus strain reveals unique sequences and a cluster of intact ORFs for immunomodulatory and host range proteins. Virology 243:432–460
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Smith C. A., Smith T. D., Smolak P. J., Friend D., Hagen H., Gernart M., Park L., Pickup D. J., Torrance D., Mohler K., Schooley K., Goodwin R. G. 1997a; Poxvirus genomes encode a secreted, soluble protein that preferentially inhibits β chemokine activity yet lacks sequence homology to known chemokine receptors. Virology 236:316–327
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Smith G. L., Symons J. A., Khanna A., Vanderplasschen A., Alcamí A. 1997b; Vaccinia virus immune evasion. Immunological Reviews 159:137–154
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Smith V. P., Bryant N. A., Alcamí A. 2000; Ectromelia, vaccinia and cowpox viruses encode secreted interleukin-18-binding proteins. Journal of General Virology 81:1223–1230
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Spriggs M., Hruby D. E., Maliszewski C. R., Pickup D. J., Sims J. E., Buller R. M. L., Vanslyke J. 1992; Vaccinia and cowpox viruses encode a novel secreted interleukin-1 binding protein. Cell 71:145–152
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Symons J. A., Alcamí A., Smith G. L. 1995; Vaccinia virus encodes a soluble type I interferon receptor of novel structure and broad species specificity. Cell 81:551–560
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Upton C., Mossman K., McFadden G. 1992; Encoding of a homolog of IFN-γ receptor by myxoma virus. Science 258:1369–1372
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Verardi P. H., Jones L. A., Aziz F. H., Ahmad S., Yilma T. D. 2001; Vaccinia virus vectors with an inactivated gamma interferon receptor homolog gene (B8R) are attenuated in vivo without a concomitant reduction in immunogenicity. Journal of Virology 75:11–18
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Walter M. R., Windsor W. T., Nagabhushan T. L., Lundell D. J., Lunn C. A., Zauodny P. J., Narula S. K. 1995; Crystal structure of a complex between interferon-gamma and its soluble high-affinity receptor. Nature 376:230–235
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-83-3-545
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-83-3-545
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error