1887

Abstract

Forty-seven European bat lyssaviruses (EBL) and two African insectivorous bat lyssaviruses (Duvenhage viruses) were selected for a comparison to be made of their evolutionary relationships. Studies were based on direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified products of the 400 nucleotides coding for the amino terminus of the nucleoprotein. Phylogenetic relationships were analysed after bootstrap resampling using the maximum parsimony and the neighbour-joining methods. Analyses of both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences placed these viruses in three separate clusters, namely genotype 4 (Duvenhage), genotype 5 (EBL1) and genotype 6 (EBL2). Evolutionary analysis of the nucleoprotein gene of EBL1 and EBL2 indicated low intrinsic heterogeneity mainly due to synonymous substitutions. In addition, both EBL1 and EBL2 evolved into at least two genetically distinguishable lineages (a and b) following geographical drifting. We can speculate that subsequently the lineages EBL1a and EBL1b were introduced into parts of northern Europe from two different geographical directions; EBL1b was probably introduced most recently and was from North Africa. appears to be the principal reservoir for EBL1 and and the reservoirs for EBL2.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-9-2319
1997-09-01
2024-05-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/78/9/9292021.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-9-2319&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anon 1995; Summary of rabies in Europe. Rabies Bulletin Europe 19 (4)3–4
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Boulger L. R., Portefield J. S. 1958; Isolation of a virus from Nigerian fruit bats. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 52:421–424
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bourhy H., Kissi B., Lafon M., Sacramento D., Tordo N. 1992; Antigenic and molecular characterization of bat rabies virus in Europe. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30:2419–2426
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bourhy H., Kissi B., Tordo N. 1993; Molecular diversity of the lyssavirus genus. Virology 194:70–81
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Brass D. A. 1994 Rabies in Bats. Natural History and Public Health Implications Ridgefield, Conn., USA: Livia Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Celis E., Ou D., Dietzschold B., Koprowski H. 1988; Recognition of rabies and rabies-related viruses by T cells derived from human vaccine recipients. Journal of Virology 62:3128–3134
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Clarke D. K., Duarte E. A., Moya A., Elena S. F., Domingo E., Holland J. 1993; Genetic bottlenecks and population passages cause profound fitness differences in RNA viruses. Journal of Virology 67:222–228
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fekadu M., Shaddock J. H., Sanderlin D. W., Smith J. S. 1988; Efficacy of rabies vaccines against Duvenhage virus isolated from European house bats (Eptesicus serotinus), classic rabies and rabies-related viruses. Vaccine 6:533–539
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Felsenstein J. 1993; PHYLIP: phylogeny inference package 3.52c. University of Washington, Washington:
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Fitch W. M. 1971; Toward defining the course of evolution: minimum change for a specific tree topology. Systematic Zoology 20:406–416
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Fraser C. F., Hooper P. T., Lunt R. A., Gould A. R., Gleeson L. J., Hyatt A. D., Russell G. M., Kattenbelt J. A. 1996; Encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus in fruit bats in Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2:327–331
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gorman O. T., Bean W. J., Kawaoka Y., Webster R. G. 1990; Evolution of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza A virus. Journal of Virology 64:1487–1497
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Herzog M., Fritzell C., Lafage M., MontanoHirose J. A., Scott-Algara D., Lafon M. 1991; T and B cell human responses to European bat lyssavirus after post-exposure rabies vaccination. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 85:224–230
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Herzog M., Lafage M., Montano-Hirose J. A., Fritzell C., Scott-Algara D., Lafon M. 1992; Nucleocapsid specific T and B cell responses in humans after rabies vaccination. Virus Research 24:77–89
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Higgins D. G., Sharp P. M. 1989; Fast and sensitive multiple sequence alignments on a microcomputer. CABIOS 5:151–153
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Joffret M.-L., Morgeaux S., Leclerc C., Oth D., Zanetti C., Sureau P., Perrin P. 1990; Enhancement of interleukin-2 activity by liposomes. Vaccine 8:385–389
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kappeler A. 1989; Bat rabies surveillance in Europe. Rabies Bulletin Europe 13 (4):12–13
    [Google Scholar]
  18. King A., Crick J. 1988; Rabies-related viruses. In Rabies pp. 177–200 Campbell J. B., Charlton K. M. Edited by Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. King A., Davies P., Lawrie A. 1990; The rabies viruses of bats. Veterinary Microbiology 23:165–174
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kissi B., Tordo N., Bourhy H. 1995; Genetic polymorphism in the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene. Virology 209:526–537
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Koprowski H., Wiktor T. J., Albelseth M. K. 1985; Cross-reactivity and cross-protection: rabies and rabies-related viruses. In Rabies in the Tropics pp. 30–39 Kuwert E., Merieux C., Koprowski H., Bogel K. Edited by New York: Spinger-Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Krebs J. W., Strine T. W., Smith J. S., Noah D. L., Rupprecht C. E., Childs J. E. 1996; Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1995. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209:2031–2044
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kumar S., Tamura K., Nei M. 1993; MEGA: molecular evolutionary genetic analysis 1.01. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA:
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Lafon M., Herzog M., Sureau P. 1986; Human rabies vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies against the European bat rabies virus (Duvenhage). Lancet ii:515
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lafon M., Bourhy H., Sureau P. 1988; Immunity against the European bat rabies (Duvenhage) virus induced by rabies vaccines: an experimental study in mice. Vaccine 6:362–368
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Lumio J., Hillborn M., Roine R., Ketonen L., Haltia M., Valle M., Neuvonen E., Lähdevirta J. 1986; Human rabies of bat origin in Europe. Lancet i:378
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Meredith C. D., Roussouw A. P., Van Praag Koch H. 1971; An unusual case of human rabies thought to be of chiropteran origin. South African Medical Journal 45:767–769
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Mollgaard S. 1985; Bat rabies in Denmark. Rabies Bulletin Europe 4:11
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Montano Hirose J. A., Bourhy H., Lafon M. 1990; A reduced panel of anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies for bat rabies virus identification in Europe. Research in Virology 141:571–581
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Muller W. W. 1994; Review of reported rabies case data in Europe to the WHO Collaborative Center Tubingen from 1977 to 1994. Rabies Bulletin Europe 4:17–21
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Nei M., Gojobori T. 1986; Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and non synonymous nucleotide substitutions. Molecular and Biological Evolution 3:418–426
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Nikolic M., Jelesic Z. 1956; Isolation of rabies virus from insectivorous bats in Yugoslavia. World Health Organization Bulletin 14:801–804
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Pawan J. L. 1936; Rabies in the vampire bat of Trinidad, with special reference to the clinical course and the latency of infection. Annals of Tropical and Medical Parasitology 30:401–422
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Pérez-Jorda J. L., Ibanez C., Munoz-Cervera M., Téllez A. 1995; Lyssavirus in Eptesicus serotinus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 31:372–377
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Perrin P., Joffret M. L., Zanetti C., Bourhy H., Gontier C., Fritzell C., Leclerc C., Sureau P. 1991; Rabies-specific production of interleukin-2 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from human rabies vaccinees. Vaccine 9:549–558
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Sacramento D., Bourhy H., Tordo N. 1991; PCR technique as an alternative method for diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of rabies virus. Molecular and Cellular Probes 6:229–240
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Saitou N., Nei M. 1987; The neighbour joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular and Biological Evolution 4:406–425
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Schneider L. G., Dietzschold B., Dierks R. E., Matthaeus W., Enzmann P. J., Strohmaier K. 1973; Rabies group-specific ribonucleoprotein antigen and a test system for grouping and typing of rhabdoviruses. Journal of Virology 11:748–755
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Selimov M. A., Tatarov A. G., Botvinkin A. D., Klueva E. V., Kulikova L. G., Khismatullina N. A. 1989; Rabies-related Yuli virus : identification with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Rabies Bulletin Europe 6:690–692
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Selimov S. A., Botvinkin A. D., Khozinski V. V., Klyieva E. V., King A., Petrenko L. G., Dolzhanov P. B., Chernyavski V. F., Kolotvina P. V., Machitidze C. Z., Korneeva S. A., Barinova L. I., Korzhenkova A. A. 1990; Lyssavirus characterization with monoclonal antibodies on strains of certain regions of the USSR. Rabies Bulletin Europe 14:8–9
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Smith J. S. 1988; Monoclonal antibody studies of rabies in insectivorous bats of the United States. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 10:637–643
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Smith P. C., Lawhaswasdi K., Vick W. E., Stenton J. S. 1967; Isolation of rabies virus from fruit bats in Thailand. Nature 216:384
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Stebbings R. E., Griffith F. 1986 Distribution and Status of Bats in Europe Monks Wood, UK: NERC;
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Takeda N., Tanimura M., Miyamura K. 1994; Molecular evolution of the major capsid protein VP1 of enterovirus 70. Journal of Virology 68:854–862
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Tordo N., Poch O., Ermine A., Keith G. 1986; Primary structure of leader RNA and nucleoprotein genes of the rabies genome : segmented homology with VSV. Nucleic Acids Research 14:2671–2683
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Tordo N., Bourhy H., Sather S., Ollo R. 1993; Structure and expression in baculovirus of the Mokola virus glycoprotein: an efficient recombinant vaccine. Virology 194:59–69
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Van der Merwe M. 1982; Bats as vectors of rabies. South African Journal of Sciences 78:421–422
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Venters H. D., Hoffert W. R., Scatterday J. E., Hardy A. V. 1954; Rabies in bats in Florida. American Journal of Public Health 44:182–185
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Whitby J. E., Johnstone P., Parsons G., King A. A., Hutson A. M. 1996; Ten-year survey of British bats for the existence of rabies. Veterinary Record 139:491–493
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Wiktor T. J., Macfarlan R. I., Foggin C. M., Koprowski H. 1984; Antigenic analysis of rabies and Mokola virus from Zimbabwe using monoclonal antibodies. Developments in Biological Standardization 57:199–211
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-9-2319
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-9-2319
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error