1887

Access Microbiology open research platform logo

Volume 5, Issue 1

Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to – a rare case report Open Access

Abstract

Fungal endocarditis is a rare and fatal condition most frequently caused by species of the genera and . Fever and changing heart murmur are the most common clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of fungal endocarditis is challenging, with prosthetic valve endocarditis being extremely difficult to diagnose. The optimal management of the condition still remains debatable. We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by , managed empirically with liposomal amphotericin B, which was later shifted to combination therapy with high-dose echinocandin and fluconazole, but had a fatal outcome because the patient could not undergo timely surgical intervention. Treating endocarditis cases is difficult because of their biofilm production on native and prosthetic heart valves. A combined approach consisting of a high index of clinical suspicion, early diagnosis using serological markers followed by culture or PCR and prompt initiation of appropriate antifungals may aid in improving outcomes.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Candida parapsilosis , combined surgery and antifungal treatment and endocarditis
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • None (Award NA)
    • Principle Award Recipient: NotApplicable
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000462.v4
2023-01-24
2024-04-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/acmi/5/1/acmi000462.v4.html?itemId=/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000462.v4&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Chaudhary SC, Sawlani KK, Arora R, Kumar V. Native aortic valve fungal endocarditis. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr2012007144 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Pierrotti LC, Baddour LM. Fungal endocarditis, 1995-2000. Chest 2002; 122:302–310 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Badiee P, Amirghofran AA, Ghazi Nour M, Shafa M, Nemati MH. Incidence and outcome of documented fungal endocarditis. Int Cardiovasc Res J 2014; 8:152–155 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Yuan SM. Fungal endocarditis. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 31:252–255 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Mamtani SS, Aljanabi NM, Gupta Rauniyar RP, Acharya A, Malik BH. Candida endocarditis: a review of the pathogenesis, morphology, risk factors, and management of an emerging and serious condition. Cureus 2020; 12:e6695 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Jerónimo A, Olmos C, Vilacosta I, Sáez C, López J et al. Contemporary comparison of infective endocarditis caused by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis: a cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 41:981–987 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Kara A, Devrim İ, Meşe T, Bayram N, Yılmazer M et al. The frequency of infective endocarditis in Candida bloodstream infections: a retrospective study in a child hospital. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 33:54–58 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Al-Fattani MA, Douglas LJ. Penetration of Candida biofilms by antifungal agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3291–3297 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Giuliano S, Guastalegname M, Russo A, Falcone M, Ravasio V et al. Candida endocarditis: systematic literature review from 1997 to 2014 and analysis of 29 cases from the Italian Study of Endocarditis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15:807–818 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Meena DS, Kumar D, Agarwal M, Bohra GK, Choudhary R et al. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment outcome of fungal endocarditis: a systematic review of reported cases. Mycoses 2022; 65:294–302 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Huggins JP, Hohmann S, David MZ. Candida infective endocarditis: a retrospective study of patient characteristics and risk factors for death in 703 United States cases, 2015-2019. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofaa628 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Ioannou P, Volosyraki M, Mavrikaki V, Papakitsou I, Mathioudaki A et al. Candida parapsilosis endocarditis. Report of cases and review of the literature. Germs 2020; 10:254–259 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Evangelista A, Gonzalez-Alujas MT. Echocardiography in infective endocarditis. Heart 2004; 90:614–617 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Khalil H, Soufi S. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis. StatPearls. Published online 2021Dec15 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567731/ accessed 15 January 2022
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Lefort A, Chartier L, Sendid B, Wolff M, Mainardi J-L et al. Diagnosis, management and outcome of Candida endocarditis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E99–E109 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Dixit N, Escobedo ES, Ebrahimi R. Use of the 1,3-β-D-glucan assay for the early detection of fungal endocarditis in a 45-Year-old man. Am J Case Rep 2020; 21:1–4 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, Clancy CJ, Marr KA et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of Candidiasis: 2016 update by theiInfectious diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62:e1–50 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Tleyjeh IM et al. Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications. Circulation 2015; 132:1435–1486 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Kuhn DM, George T, Chandra J, Mukherjee PK, Ghannoum MA. Antifungal susceptibility of Candida biofilms: unique efficacy of amphotericin B lipid formulations and echinocandins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:1773–1780 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Habib G, Badano L, Tribouilloy C, Vilacosta I, Zamorano JL et al. Recommendations for the practice of echocardiography in infective endocarditis. Eur J Echocardiogr 2010; 11:202–219 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Silva-Pinto A, Ferraz R, Casanova J, Sarmento A, Santos L. Candida parapsilosis prosthetic valve endocarditis. Med Mycol Case Rep 2015; 9:37–38 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000462.v4
Loading
Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Candida parapsilosis – a rare case report
Access Microbiology 5, 000462.v4 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000462.v4
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000462.v4
/content/journal/acmi/10.1099/acmi.0.000462.v4
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error