1887

Abstract

SUMMARY: In the amount of glutamine synthetase is finely attuned to the availability of ammonia in the culture medium, and any change in ammonia availability results in a compensatory adjustment to enzyme level. In yeast growing with different sources of nitrogen there was a good inverse correlation between the rate of enzyme synthesis and the size of the cell pool of glutamine: glutamine and not ammonia appeared to act as a co-repressor of the formation of glutamine synthetase.

Sudden changes in ammonia availability or carbon supply could lead to the inactivation of glutamine synthetase. This was shown to be associated, under some conditions, with a marked increase in the pool of glutamine and it is possible that it was brought about by sudden changes in the relative cell concentrations of glutamine and glutamate. However, the process is clearly more complex than this and catabolism of carbon substrates is also involved.

The specific activity of the NAD-specific (deaminating) glutamate dehydrogenase also varied with the availability of ammonia, but neither it nor glutamine synthetase was subject to parallel regulation.

* All communications should be addressed to A.P.S.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-80-1-159
1974-01-01
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/80/1/mic-80-1-159.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-80-1-159&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Deuel T. F., Stadtman E. R. 1970; Some kinetic properties of Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 245:5206–5213
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ferguson A. R., Sims A. P. 1971; Inactivation in vivo of glutamine synthetase and NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase: its role in the regulation of glutamine synthesis in yeasts. Journal of General Microbiology 69:423–427
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Ferguson A. R., Sims A. P. 1974; The regulation of glutamine metabolism in Candida utilis: the inactivation glutamine synthetase. Journal of General Microbiology 80:173–185
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Hierholzer G., Holzer H. 1963; Repression der Synthese von DPN-abhängiger Glutaminsäure-dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae durch Ammoniumionen. Biochemische Zeitschrift 339:175–185
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Hirs G. H. W., Moore S., Stein W. H. 1954; The chromatography of amino acids on ion exchange resin. Use of volatile buffers for elution. Journal of the American Chemical Society 76:6063–6065
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Holzer H., Duntze W. 1971; Metabolic regulation by chemical modification of enzymes. Annual Review of Biochemistry 40:345–374
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Kohlaw G., Drägert W., Holzer H. 1965; Parallel-Repression der Synthese von Glutamin-Synthetase und DPN-abhängiger Glutamat-Dehydrogenase in Hefe. Biochemische Zeitschrift 341:224–238
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Pateman J. A. 1970; Regulation of synthesis of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase in micro-organisms. Biochemical Journal 115:769–775
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Ravel J. M., Humphreys J. S., Shive W. 1965; Control of glutamine synthesis in Lactobacillus arabinosus . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 111:720–726
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Shapiro B. M., Stadtman E. R. 1970; The regulation of glutamine synthesis in microorganisms. Annual Review of Microbiology 24:501–524
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Sims A. P., Ferguson A. R. 1972; The role of enzyme inactivation in the regulation of glutamine synthesis in yeast: in vivo studies using 15N. In 6. Wissenschaftliche Konferenz der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte, Second International Symposium on Metabolic Interconversion of Enzymes, Rottach-Egern 1972 pp. 261–276 Wieland O., Helmreich E., Holzer H. Edited by Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Sims A. P., Ferguson A. R. 1974; The regulation of glutamine metabolism in Candida utilis: studies with 15NH3 to measure in vivo rates of glutamine synthesis. Journal of General Microbiology 80:143–158
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Sims A. P., Toone J., Box V. 1974; The regulation of glutamine synthesis in the food yeast Candida utilis: the purification and subunit structure of glutamine sythetase and aspects of enzyme deactivations. Journal of General Microbiology 80: in the Press
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Weatherburn M. W. 1967; Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry 39:971–974
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Wu C., Yuan L. H. 1968; Regulation of synthesis of glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli . Journal of General Microbiology 51:57–65
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Yemm E. W., Cocking E. C. 1955; The determination of amino acids with ninhydrin. Analyst 80:209–214
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-80-1-159
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-80-1-159
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error