Is Phase Variation in Bordetella Caused by Mutation and Selection?

References

1. Collings L. A., Rutter J. M. 1985; Virulence of Bordetella bronchiseptica in the porcine respiratory tract. Journal of Medical Microbiology (in the Press)
   [Google Scholar]
2. Dobrogosz W. J., Ezzell J. W., Kloos W. E., Manclark C. R. 1979; Physiology of Bordetella pertussis . In International Symposium on Pertussis86–93 Manclark C. R., Hill J. C. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office;
   [Google Scholar]
3. Ezzell J. W., Dobrogosz W. J., Kloos W. E., Manclark C. R. 1981; Phase-shift markers in Bordetella: alterations in envelope proteins. Journal of Infectious Diseases 143:562–569
   [Google Scholar]
4. Goldman S., Hanski E., Fish F. 1984; Spontaneous phase variation in Bordetella pertussis is a multi-step non-random process. EMBO Journal 3:1353–1356
   [Google Scholar]
5. Hewlett E. L., Urban M. A., Manclark C. R., Wolff J. 1976; Extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 731926–1930
   [Google Scholar]
6. Kasuga T., Nakase Y., Ukishima K., Takatsu K. 1954; Studies on Haemophilus pertussis. Part V. Relation between the phase of bacilli and the progress of the whooping-cough. Kitasato Archives of Experimental Medicine 27:57–62
   [Google Scholar]
7. Lacey B. W. 1960; Antigenic modulation of Bordetella pertussis . Journal of Hygiene 58:57–93
   [Google Scholar]
8. Leslie P. H., Gardner A. D. 1931; The phases of Haemophilus pertussis . Journal of Hygiene 31:423–434
   [Google Scholar]
9. Meyer T. F., Mlawer N., So M. 1982; Pilus expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae involves chromosomal rearrangement. Cell 30:45–52
   [Google Scholar]
10. Miller J. H. 1972; Experiments in Molecular Genetics . 146 Cold Spring Harbor NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
11. Nakase Y. 1957a; Studies on Hemophilus bronchi-septicus. I. The antigenic structures of H. bronchi-septicus from guinea pig . Kitasato Archives of Experimental Medicine 30:57–72
    [Google Scholar]
12. Nakase Y. 1957b; Studies on Hemophilus bronchi-septicus. II. Phase variation of H. bronchisepticus . Kitasato Archives of Experimental Medicine 30:73–78
    [Google Scholar]
13. Nakase Y. 1957c; Studies on Hemophilus bronchisepticus. III. Differences of biological properties between phase I and phase III of H. bronchisepticus . Kitasato Archives of Experimental Medicine 30:79–84
    [Google Scholar]
14. Parker C. D. 1979; The genetics and physiology of Bordetella pertussis . In International Symposium on Pertussis65–69 Manclark C. R., Hill J. C. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office;
    [Google Scholar]
15. Parton R., Durham J. P. 1978; Loss of adenylate cyclase activity in variants of Bordetella pertussis . FEMS Microbiology Utters 4:287–289
    [Google Scholar]
16. Peppler M. S. 1982; Isolation and characterisation of isogenic pairs of domed hemolytic and flat non-hemolytic colony types of Bordetella pertussis . Infection and Immunity 35:840–851
    [Google Scholar]
17. Peppler M. S., Schrumpf M. E. 1984; Phenotypic variation and modulation in Bordetella bronchi-septica . Infection and Immunity 44:681–687
    [Google Scholar]
18. Salomen Y. 1979; Adenylate cyclase assay. Advances in Cyclic Nucleotide Research 10:35–55
    [Google Scholar]
19. Stocker B. A. D. 1949; Measurements of rate of mutation of flagellar antigenic phase in Salmonella typhimurium . Journal of Hygiene 47:398–413
    [Google Scholar]
20. Van Heyningen S., , Thom A., Ward W. 1983; A modified assay of adenylate cyclase using³H and¹⁴C. Analytical Biochemistry 129:457–459
    [Google Scholar]
21. Wardlaw A. C., Parton R. 1979; Changes in envelope proteins and correlation with biological activities in B. pertussis . In International Symposium on Pertussis94–98 Manclark C. R., Hill J. C. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office;
    [Google Scholar]
22. Wardlaw A. C, Parton R., Hooker M. J. 1976; Loss of protective antigen, histamine-sensitizing factor and envelope polypeptides in cultural variants of Bordetella pertussis . Journal of Medical Microbiology 9:89–100
    [Google Scholar]
23. Weiss A. A., Falkow S. 1984; Genetic analysis of phase change in Bordetella pertussis . Infection and Immunity 43:263–269
    [Google Scholar]
24. Weiss A. A., Hewlett E. L., Myers G. A., Falkow S. 1983; Tn5-induced mutation affecting virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis . Infection and Immunity 42:33–41
    [Google Scholar]
25. Zeig J., Silverman M., Hilmen M., Simon M. 1977; Recombinational switch for gene expression. Science 196:170–172
    [Google Scholar]