1887

Microbial Genomics logo

Volume 9, Issue 3

Complete genome sequence and characterization of a novel with probiotic potential isolated from the gut of Open Access

Abstract

the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, is one of the most marketable species in aquaculture worldwide. However, it is susceptible to different infections causing considerable losses in production each year. Consequently, using prebiotics that promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and strengthen the immune system is a current strategy for disease control. In this study, we isolated two strains of from the gut of fed with agavin-supplemented diets. These isolates showed antibacterial activity against and , most likely due to peptidoglycan hydrolase (PGH) activity. Furthermore, we sequenced the genome of one isolate. As a result, we observed three proteins related to the production of bacteriocins, a relevant trait for selecting probiotic strains since they can inhibit the invasion of potential pathogens. Additionally, the genome annotation showed genes related to the production of essential nutrients for the host. It lacked two of the most common factors associated with virulence in pathogenic strains (esp and hyl). Thus, this host-probiotic-derived strain has potential application not only in shrimp health but also in alternative aquatic environments, as it is adapted to coexist within the gut shrimp microbiota, independently of the diet.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Agavins , Enterococcus faecium , Fructans , Litopenaeus vannamei , peptidoglycan hydrolase and Shrimp diet
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • DGAPA PAPIIT-UNAM (Award IN215520)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Ochoa-LeyvaAdrian
  • CONACYT, Mexico (Award 2019-263986)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Ochoa-LeyvaAdrian
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000938
2023-03-08
2024-05-12
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/mgen/9/3/mgen000938.html?itemId=/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000938&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. FAO World Fisheries and Aquaculture the State of Sustainability in Action. Internet 2020 https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Liao IC, Chien Y. The Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in Asia: The World’s Most Widely Cultured Alien Crustacean. In Galil B, Clark P, Carlton J. eds In the Wrong Place - Alien Marine Crustaceans: Distribution, Biology and Impacts Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology vol 6 Dordrecht: Springer; 2011 pp 489–519
     [Google Scholar]
  3. FAO The state of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Fisheries Oceanography; 2018
  4. Asche F, Anderson JL, Botta R, Kumar G, Abrahamsen EB et al. The economics of shrimp disease. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 186:107397 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Flegel TW, Lightner DV, Lo C, Owens L. Shrimp disease control: past, present and future. Dis Asian Aquac VI 2008355–378
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Lightner DV. A review of the diseases of cultured penaeid shrimps and prawns with emphasis on recent discoveries and development. In Proceedings of the First Conference on the Culture of Penaeid Prawns/Shrimps, 4-7 Dec 1984 1985 pp 79–103
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Ishimaru K, Akagawa-matsushita M, Muroga K. Vibrio penaeicida sp. nov., a Pathogen of Kuruma Prawns (Penaeus japonicus). Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995; 45:134–138 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Mastan SA, Begum SKA. Vibriosis in farm reared white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei in Andhra Pradesh-natural occurrence and artificial challenge. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol 2016; 4:217–222 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Tran L, Nunan L, Redman RM, Mohney LL, Pantoja CR et al. Determination of the infectious nature of the agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome affecting penaeid shrimp. Dis Aquat Organ 2013; 105:45–55 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Yang Y, Chen I, Lee C, Chen C, Lin S et al. Draft genome sequences of four strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, three of which cause early mortality syndrome / acute. Genome 2014; 2:2–3
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Lee C-T, Chen I-T, Yang Y-T, Ko T-P, Huang Y-T et al. The opportunistic marine pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus becomes virulent by acquiring a plasmid that expresses a deadly toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10798–10803 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Anderson JL, Valderrama D, Jory DE. GOAL 2017: Global shrimp production review and forecast. Glob Aquac Advocate [Internet] (October 2017):1–7; 2017 https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/goal-2017-shrimp-production-survey/
  13. Cabello FC. Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environ Microbiol 2006; 8:1137–1144 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Baquero F, Martínez JL, Cantón R. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2008; 19:260–265 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Cabello FC, Godfrey HP, Tomova A, Ivanova L, Dölz H et al. Antimicrobial use in aquaculture re-examined: its relevance to antimicrobial resistance and to animal and human health. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:1917–1942 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Santos L, Ramos F. Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: current knowledge and alternatives to tackle the problem. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:135–143 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr 1995; 125:1401–1412 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Li Y, Liu H, Dai X, Li J, Ding F. Effects of dietary inulin and mannan oligosaccharide on immune related genes expression and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 76:78–92 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Zhou Z, Ding Z, Huiyuan LV. Effects of dietary short-chain fructooligosaccharides on intestinal microflora, survival, and growth performance of juvenile white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. J World Aquaculture Soc 2007; 38:296–301 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Hu X, Yang H-L, Yan Y-Y, Zhang C-X, Ye J et al. Effects of fructooligosaccharide on growth, immunity and intestinal microbiota of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed diets with fish meal partially replaced by soybean meal. Aquacult Nutr 2019; 25:194–204 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Li P, Burr GS, Gatlin DM 3rd, Hume ME, Patnaik S et al. Dietary supplementation of short-chain fructooligosaccharides influences gastrointestinal microbiota composition and immunity characteristics of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultured in a recirculating system. J Nutr 2007; 137:2763–2768 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Zhang J, Liu Y, Tian L, Yang H, Liang G et al. Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on growth performance, gut morphology and stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2012; 33:1027–1032 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Huynh TG, Hu SY, Chiu CS, Truong QP, Liu CH. Bacterial population in intestines of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei fed a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum and galactooligosaccharide. Aquac Res 2019; 50:807–817 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Li J, Tan B, Mai K. Dietary probiotic Bacillus OJ and isomaltooligosaccharides influence the intestine microbial populations, immune responses and resistance to white spot syndrome virus in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture 2009; 291:35–40 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Sun Y, Wang G, Peng K, Huang Y, Cao J et al. Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on growth performance, immunity and Vibrio alginolyticus resistance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquac Res 2019; 50:358–365 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Lopez MG, Mancilla-Margalli NA, Mendoza-Diaz G. Molecular structures of fructans from Agave tequilana Weber var. azul. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51:7835–7840 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Mancilla-Margalli NA, López MG. Water-soluble carbohydrates and fructan structure patterns from Agave and Dasylirion species. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:7832–7839 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Luna-González A, Almaraz-Salas JC, Fierro-Coronado JA, Flores-Miranda Ma del C, González-Ocampo HA et al. The prebiotic inulin increases the phenoloxidase activity and reduces the prevalence of WSSV in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured under laboratory conditions. Aquaculture 2012; 362–363:28–32 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Partida-Arangure BO, Luna-González A, Fierro-Coronado JA, Flores-Miranda C, González-Ocampo HA. Effect of inulin and probiotic bacteria on growth, survival, immune response, and prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured under laboratory conditions. African J Biotechnol 2013; 12:3366–3375
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Ochoa-Romo JP, Cornejo-Granados F, Lopez-Zavala AA, Viana MT, Sánchez F et al. Agavin induces beneficial microbes in the shrimp microbiota under farming conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6392 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Cornejo-Granados F, Lopez-Zavala AA, Gallardo-Becerra L, Mendoza-Vargas A, Sánchez F et al. Microbiome of Pacific whiteleg shrimp reveals differential bacterial community composition between wild, aquacultured and AHPND/EMS outbreak conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11783 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Balcázar JL, de Blas I, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, Cunningham D, Vendrell D et al. The role of probiotics in aquaculture. Vet Microbiol 2006; 114:173–186 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Toledo A, Frizzo L, Signorini M, Bossier P, Arenal A. Impact of probiotics on growth performance and shrimp survival: a meta-analysis. Aquaculture 2019; 500:196–205 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Zokaeifar H, Babaei N, Saad CR, Kamarudin MS, Sijam K et al. Administration of Bacillus subtilis strains in the rearing water enhances the water quality, growth performance, immune response, and resistance against Vibrio harveyi infection in juvenile white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 36:68–74 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Sha Y, Wang L, Liu M, Jiang K, Xin F et al. Effects of lactic acid bacteria and the corresponding supernatant on the survival, growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 2016; 452:28–36 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Interaminense JA, Vogeley JL, Gouveia CK, Portela RWS, Oliveira JP et al. In vitro and in vivo potential probiotic activity of Bacillus subtilis and Shewanella algae for use in Litopenaeus vannamei rearing. Aquaculture 2018; 488:114–122 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Cai Y, Yuan W, Wang S, Guo W, Li A et al. In vitro screening of putative probiotics and their dual beneficial effects: to white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae and to the rearing water. Aquaculture 2019; 498:61–71 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Tepaamorndech S, Chantarasakha K, Kingcha Y, Chaiyapechara S, Phromson M et al. Effects of Bacillus aryabhattai TBRC8450 on vibriosis resistance and immune enhancement in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 86:4–13 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Tsai CY, Chi CC, Liu CH. The growth and apparent digestibility of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, are increased with the probiotic, Bacillus subtilis. Aquac Res 2019; 50:1475–1481 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Amoah K, Huang Q, Dong X, Tan B, Zhang S et al. Paenibacillus polymyxa improves the growth, immune and antioxidant activity, intestinal health, and disease resistance in Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture 2020; 518:734563 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Kesselring JC, Gruber C, Standen B, Wein S. Continuous and pulse‐feeding application of multispecies probiotic bacteria in whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. J World Aquacult Soc 2019; 50:1123–1132 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Miandare HK, Yarahmadi P, Abbasian M. Immune related transcriptional responses and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae fed on dietary probiotic PrimaLac(®). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 55:671–678 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Swain SM, Singh C, Arul V. Inhibitory activity of probiotics Streptococcus phocae PI80 and Enterococcus faecium MC13 against Vibriosis in shrimp Penaeus monodon. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 25:697–703 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Mohan D et al. Efficiency of probiotics (ecoforce) in the growth and survival of peneaus monodon. Arthropods 2013; 2:231–236
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Luis-Villaseñor IE, Macías-Rodríguez ME, Gómez-Gil B, Ascencio-Valle F, Campa-Córdova ÁI. Beneficial effects of four Bacillus strains on the larval cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 2011; 321:136–144 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Hao K, Liu J-Y, Ling F, Liu X-L, Lu L et al. Effects of dietary administration of Shewanella haliotis D4, Bacillus cereus D7 and Aeromonas bivalvium D15, single or combined, on the growth, innate immunity and disease resistance of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 2014; 428–429:141–149 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Wang H, Wang C, Tang Y, Sun B, Huang J et al. Pseudoalteromonas probiotics as potential biocontrol agents improve the survival of Penaeus vannamei challenged with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture 2018; 494:30–36 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Huse SM, Dethlefsen L, Huber JA, Mark Welch D, Relman DA et al. Exploring microbial diversity and taxonomy using SSU rRNA hypervariable tag sequencing. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000255 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ. 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 1991; 173:697–703 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Leclerc D, Asselin A. Detection of bacterial cell wall hydrolases after denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Can J Microbiol 1989; 35:749–753 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Conesa A, Götz S. Blast2GO: a comprehensive suite for functional analysis in plant genomics. Int J Plant Genomics 2008; 2008:619832 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Zdobnov EM, Apweiler R. InterProScan--an integration platform for the signature-recognition methods in InterPro. Bioinformatics 2001; 17:847–848 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Cantarel BL, Coutinho PM, Rancurel C, Bernard T, Lombard V et al. The carbohydrate-active EnZymes database (CAZy): an expert resource for glycogenomics. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:D233–8 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Liu B, Zheng D, Jin Q, Chen L, Yang J. VFDB 2019: a comparative pathogenomic platform with an interactive web interface. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:D687–D692 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Alcock BP, Raphenya AR, Lau TTY, Tsang KK, Bouchard M et al. CARD 2020: antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:D517–D525 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Moriya Y, Itoh M, Okuda S, Yoshizawa AC, Kanehisa M. KAAS: an automatic genome annotation and pathway reconstruction server. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:W182–5 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  57. García-López R, Cornejo-Granados F, Lopez-Zavala AA, Sánchez-López F, Cota-Huízar A et al. Doing more with less: a comparison of 16S hypervariable regions in search of defining the shrimp microbiota. Microorganisms 2020; 8:134 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Todorov SD, Dicks LMT. Effect of modified MRS medium on production and purification of antimicrobial peptide ST4SA produced by Enterococcus mundtii. Anaerobe 2009; 15:65–73 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  59. García-Cano I, Serrano-Maldonado CE, Olvera-García M, Delgado-Arciniega E, Peña-Montes C et al. Antibacterial activity produced by Enterococcus spp. isolated from an artisanal Mexican dairy product, Cotija cheese. LWT - Food Sci Technol 2014; 59:26–34 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Fisher K, Phillips C. The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus. Microbiology 2009; 155:1749–1757 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Murata T, Kawano M, Igarashi K, Yamato I, Kakinuma Y. Catalytic properties of Na(+)-translocating V-ATPase in Enterococcus hirae. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1505:75–81 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Ramsey M, Hartke A, Huycke M. The Physiology and Metabolism of Enterococci. In Enterococci: From Commensals to Leading Causes of Drug Resistant Infection [Internet] 2014 pp 1–55 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24649507
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Byappanahalli MN, Nevers MB, Korajkic A, Staley ZR, Harwood VJ. Enterococci in the environment. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2012; 76:685–706 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Franz C, Stiles ME, Schleifer KH, Holzapfel WH. Enterococci in foods--A conundrum for food safety. Int J Food Microbiol 2003; 88:105–122 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Ringø E, Gatesoupe F-J. Lactic acid bacteria in fish: a review. Aquaculture 1998; 160:177–203 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  66. González CJ, Encinas JP, Garcı́a-López ML, Otero A. Characterization and identification of lactic acid bacteria from freshwater fishes. Food Microbiology 2000; 17:383–391 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Muñoz-Atienza E, Gómez-Sala B, Araújo C, Campanero C, del Campo R et al. Antimicrobial activity, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin intended for use as probiotics in aquaculture. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:15 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Cui J, Xiao M, Liu M, Wang Z, Liu F et al. Coupling metagenomics with cultivation to select host-specific probiotic micro-organisms for subtropical aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:1274–1285 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Maeda M, Shibata A, Biswas G, Korenaga H, Kono T et al. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) intestine and assessment of immunomodulatory role of a selected strain as probiotic. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2014; 16:181–192 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Nguyen VD, Pham TT, Nguyen THT, Nguyen TTX, Hoj L. Screening of marine bacteria with bacteriocin-like activities and probiotic potential for ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 40:49–60 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Podschun R, Pietsch S, Höller C, Ullmann U. Incidence of Klebsiella species in surface waters and their expression of virulence factors incidence of Klebsiella species in surface waters and their expression of virulence factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:3325–3327
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Struve C, Krogfelt KA. Pathogenic potential of environmental Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Environ Microbiol 2004; 6:584–590 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Barati A, Ghaderpour A, Chew LL, Bong CW, Thong KL et al. Isolation and characterization of aquatic-borne Klebsiella pneumoniae from Tropical Estuaries in Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:426 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Du S, Chen W, Yao Z, Huang X, Chen C et al. Enterococcus faecium are associated with the modification of gut microbiota and shrimp post-larvae survival. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:88 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Olvera-García M, Sanchez-Flores A, Quirasco Baruch M. Genomic and functional characterisation of two Enterococcus strains isolated from Cotija cheese and their potential role in ripening. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2251–2267 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Kaškonienė V, Stankevičius M, Bimbiraitė-Survilienė K, Naujokaitytė G, Šernienė L et al. Current state of purification, isolation and analysis of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:1323–1335 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Satish Kumar R, Kanmani P, Yuvaraj N, Paari KA, Pattukumar V et al. Purification and characterization of enterocin MC13 produced by a potential aquaculture probiont Enterococcus faecium MC13 isolated from the gut of Mugil cephalus. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:993–1001 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Ghomrassi H, ben Braiek O, Choiset Y, Haertlé T, Hani K et al. Evaluation of marine bacteriocinogenic enterococci strains with inhibitory activity against fish-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. Dis Aquat Organ 2016; 118:31–43 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Dobson A, Cotter PD, Ross RP, Hill C. Bacteriocin production: a probiotic trait?. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:1–6 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Bhardwaj A, Gupta H, Kapila S, Kaur G, Vij S et al. Safety assessment and evaluation of probiotic potential of bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecium KH 24 strain under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141:156–164 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Domann E, Hain T, Ghai R, Billion A, Kuenne C et al. Comparative genomic analysis for the presence of potential enterococcal virulence factors in the probiotic Enterococcus faecalis strain Symbioflor 1. Int J Med Microbiol 2007; 297:533–539 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Garsin DA, Frank KL, Silanpää J, Ausubel FM, Hartke A et al. Pathogenesis and models of enterococcal infection. Enterococci from commensals to lead causes drug resist infect [Internet]; 2014 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24649512
  83. Arshadi M, Mahmoudi M, Motahar MS, Soltani S, Pourmand MR. Virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance patterns of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolated from different sources in southwest Iran. Iran J Public Health 2018; 47:264–272
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Nallapareddy SR, Singh KV, Okhuysen PC, Murray BE. A functional collagen adhesin gene, acm, in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium correlates with the recent success of this emerging nosocomial pathogen. Infect Immun 2008; 76:4110–4119 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  85. Popović N, Dinić M, Tolinački M, Mihajlović S, Terzić-Vidojević A et al. New insight into biofilm formation ability, the presence of virulence genes and probiotic potential of Enterococcus sp. dairy isolates. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1–10 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Cotter PD, Ross RP, Hill C. Bacteriocins - a viable alternative to antibiotics?. Nat Rev Microbiol 2013; 11:95–105 [View Article] [PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000938
Loading
Complete genome sequence and characterization of a novel Enterococcus faecium with probiotic potential isolated from the gut of Litopenaeus vannamei
M Gen 9, 000938 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000938
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000938
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000938
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error