1887

JMM Case Reports

Volume 2, Issue 4

group infections in humans: report of four cases and a literature review Open Access

Abstract

Introduction:

group (SIG) comprises coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from veterinary wounds, with anecdotal association of this pathogen and disease in humans. To date, 28 human cases have been described in the literature. Here, we described four cases of human infection caused by SIG members and, through a literature review, identified potential common characteristics and risk factors for this infection.

Case presentations:

Cases were obtained via electronic query of existing microbiology records for isolates at three teaching hospitals in Denver, CO, USA, between 2003 and 2008. Four cases were identified. Three cases were soft tissue and/or bone infection and one case was a urinary tract infection.

Conclusion:

infections in humans are rarely identified. Dog ownership as well as diabetes or other causes of immunosuppression may place patients at higher risk. Misidentifying SIG infections could lead to delays in treatment as well as undertreatment of this zoonosis.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
© 2015 The Authors
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmmcr/10.1099/jmmcr.0.000066
2015-08-01
2019-12-15
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmmcr/2/4/jmmcr000066.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmmcr/10.1099/jmmcr.0.000066&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Atalay B, Ergin F, Cekinmez M, Caner H, Altinors N. 2005; Brain abscess caused by Staphylococcus intermedius . Acta Neurochir (Wien)147:347–348 discussion 348 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Barnham M, Holmes B. 1992; Isolation of CDC group M-5 and Staphylococcus intermedius from infected dog bites. J Infect25:332–334 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Becker K, Keller B, von Eiff C, Brück M, Lubritz G, Etienne J, Peters G. 2001; Enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus intermedius . Appl Environ Microbiol67:5551–5557 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Bond R, Loeffler A. 2012; What's happened to Staphylococcus intermedius? Taxonomic revision and emergence of multi-drug resistance. J Small Anim Pract53:147–154 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Campanile F, Bongiorno D, Borbone S, Venditti M, Giannella M, Franchi C, Stefani S. 2007; Characterization of a variant of the SCCmec element in a bloodstream isolate of Staphylococcus intermedius . Microb Drug Resist13:7–10 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Chuang C.Y, Yang Y.L, Hsueh P.R, Lee P.I. 2010; Catheter-related bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius refractory to antibiotic-lock therapy in a hemophilic child with dog exposure. J Clin Microbiol48:1497–1498 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Cox H.U, Schmeer N, Newman S.S. 1986; Protein A in Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from dogs and cats. Am J Vet Res47:1881–1884
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Cox H.U, Newman S.S, Roy A.F, Hoskins J.D, Foil C.S. 1985; Comparison of coagulase test methods for identification of Staphylococcus intermedius from dogs. Am J Vet Res46:1522–1525[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Decristophoris P, Fasola A, Benagli C, Tonolla M, Petrini O. 2011; Identification of Staphylococcus intermedius group by MALDI-TOF MS. Syst Appl Microbiol34:45–51 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Devriese L, Hermans K, Baele M, Haesebrouck F. 2009; Staphylococcus pseudintermedius versus Staphylococcus intermedius . Vet Microbiol133:206–207[CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Durdik P, Fedor M, Jesenak M, Hamzikova J, Knotkova H, Banovcin P. 2010; Staphylococcus intermedius - rare pathogen of acute meningitis. Int J Infect Dis14:e236–e238[CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Epstein C.R, Yam W.C, Peiris JSM, Epstein R.J. 2009; Methicillin-resistant commensal staphylococci in healthy dogs as a potential zoonotic reservoir for community-acquired antibiotic resistance. Infect Genet Evol9:283–285 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Erne B.V, Exner C, Frauenfelder T, Schmid S, Weder W. 2010; A curious case of convulsion. Lancet375:2050 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Gerstadt K, Daly J.S, Mitchell M, Wessolossky M, Cheeseman S.H. 1999; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus intermedius pneumonia following coronary artery bypass grafting. Clin Infect Dis29:218–219 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Goldstein E.J. 1992; Bite wounds and infection. Clin Infect Dis14:633–640 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Guardabassi L, Loeber M.E, Jacobson A. 2004; Transmission of multiple antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus intermedius between dogs affected by deep pyoderma and their owners. Vet Microbiol98:23–27 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Hajek V. 1976; Staphylococcus intermedius, a new species isolated from animals. Int J Syst Bacteriol26:401–408 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Harvey R.G, Marples R.R, Noble W.C. 1994; Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus intermedius in humans in contact with dogs. Microb Ecol Health Dis7:225–227 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Hatch S, Sree A, Tirrell S, Torres B, Rothman A.L. 2012; Metastatic complications from Staphylococcus intermedius, a zoonotic pathogen. J Clin Microbiol50:1099–1101 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Imamura Y, Kudo Y, Ishii Y, Shibuya H, Takayasu S. 1995; A case of subacute necrotizing fasciitis. J Dermatol22:960–963 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Kelesidis T, Tsiodras S. 2010; Staphylococcus intermedius is not only a zoonotic pathogen, but may also cause skin abscesses in humans after exposure to saliva. Int J Inf Dis14:e838–e841[CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Kempker R, Mangalat D, Kongphet-Tran T, Eaton M. 2009; Beware of the pet dog: a case of Staphylococcus intermedius infection. Am J Med Sci338:425–427 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Kikuchi K, Piao C, Itoda I, Hidai H, Yamaura H, Totsuka K, Karasawa T, Morikawa T, Takayama M. 2004; Molecular confirmation of transmission route of Staphylococcus intermedius in mastoid cavity infection from dog saliva. J Infect Chemother10:46–48 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Komori Y, Iimura N, Yamashita R, Sugihara H, Nikai T. 2001; Characterization of coagulase from Staphylococcus intermedius . J Nat Toxins10:111–118[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Lachica R.V, Genigeorgis C.A, Hoeprich P.D. 1979; Occurrence of protein A in Staphylococcus aureus and closely related Staphylococcus species. J Clin Microbiol10:752–753[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Lee J. 1994; Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from dog-bite wounds. J Infect29:105 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Ling G.U, Rohrich P.J, Ruby A.L, Johnson D.L, Jang S.S. 1984; Canine urinary tract infections: a comparison of in vitro antimicrobial test results and response to oral antibiotics with ampicillin or trimetroprime-sulfa. J Am Vet Med Assoc185:277–281[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Llorca I, Gago S, Sanmartín J, Sánchez R. 1992; [Infectious endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus intermedius in a patient infected with HIV]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin10:317–318 (in Spanish)[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Mahoudeau I, Delabranche X, Prevost G, Monteil H, Piemont Y. 1997; Frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus intermedius from humans. J Clin Microbiol35:2153–2154[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Morris D.O, Rook K.A, Shofer F.S, Rankin S.C. 2006; Screening of Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus intermedius, and Staphylococcus schleiferi isolates obtained from small companion animals for antimicrobial resistance: a retrospective review of 749 isolates (2003-04). Vet Dermatol17:332–337 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Ohara-Nemoto Y, Haraga H, Kimura S, Nemoto T.K. 2008; Occurrence of staphylococci in the oral cavities of healthy adults and nasal oral trafficking of the bacteria. J Med Microbiol57:95–99 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Pottumarthy S, Schapiro J.M, Prentice J.L, Houze Y.B, Swanzy S.R, Fang F.C, Cookson B.T. 2004; Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus intermedius masquerading as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . J Clin Microbiol42:5881–5884 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Raus J, Love D.N. 1983; Characterization of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus intermedius Staphylococcus aureus isolated from veterinary clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol18:789–792[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Riegel P, Jesel-Morel L, Laventie B, Boisset S, Vandenesch F, Prévost G. 2011; Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from animals causing human endocarditis. Int J Med Microbiol301:237–239 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Rutland B.E, Weese J.S, Bolin C, Au J, Malani A.N. 2009; Human-to-dog transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Emerg Infect Dis15:1328–1330 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Sasaki T, Kikuchi K, Tanaka Y, Takahashi N, Kamata S, Hiramatsu K. 2007; Reclassification of phenotypically identified Staphylococcus intermedius strains. J Clin Microbiol45:2770–2778 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Sasaki T, Tsubakishita S, Tanaka Y, Sakusabe A, Ohtsuka M, Hirotaki S, Kawakami T, Fukata T, Hiramatsu K. 2010; Multiplex-PCR method for species identification of coagulase-positive staphylococci. J Clin Microbiol48:765–769 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Stegmann R, Burnens A, Maranta C.A, Perreten V. 2010; Human infection associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71. J Antimicrob Chemother65:2047–2048 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Talan D.A, Goldstein EJC, Staatz D, Overturf G.D. 1989a; Staphylococcus intermedius: clinical presentation of a new human dog bite pathogen. Ann Emerg Med18:410–413 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Talan D.A, Staatz D, Staatz A, Goldstein EJC, Singer K, Overturf G.D. 1989b; Staphylococcus intermedius in canine gingiva and canine-inflicted human wound infections: laboratory characterization of a newly recognized zoonotic pathogen. J Clin Microbiol27:78–81[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Talan D.A, Staatz D, Staatz A, Overturf G.D. 1989c; Frequency of Staphylococcus intermedius as human nasopharyngeal flora. J Clin Microbiol27:2393[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Talan D.A, Citron D.M, Abrahamian F.M, Moran G.J, Goldstein EJC, Emergency Medicine Animal Bite Infection Study Group. 1999; Bacteriologic analysis of infected dog and cat bites. N Engl J Med340:85–92 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Tanner M.A, Everett C.L, Youvan D.C. 2000; Molecular phylogenetic evidence for non-invasive zoonotic transmission of Staphylococcus intermedius from a canine pet to a human. J Clin Microbiol30:1628–1631
     [Google Scholar]
  44. van Duijkeren E, Houwers D.J, Schoormans A, Broekhuizen-Stins M.J, Ikawaty R, Fluit A.C, Wagenaar J.A. 2008; Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus intermedius between humans and animals. Vet Microbiol128:213–215 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Van Hoovels L, Vankeerberghen A, Boel A, Van Vaerenbergh K, De Beenhouwer H. 2006; First case of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius infection in a human. J Clin Microbiol44:4609–4612 [CrossRef][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Vandenesch F, Célard M, Arpin D, Bes M, Greenland T, Etienne J. 1995; Catheter-related bacteremia associated with coagulase-positive Staphylococcus intermedius . J Clin Microbiol33:2508–2510[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Wang N, Neil A, Klompas M. 2013; Staphylococcus intermedius infections: case report and literature review. Infect Dis Rep5:e3 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmmcr/10.1099/jmmcr.0.000066
Loading
Staphylocccus intermedius group infections in humans: report of four cases and a literature review
JMM Case Rep 2, e000066 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmmcr.0.000066
/content/journal/jmmcr/10.1099/jmmcr.0.000066
/content/journal/jmmcr/10.1099/jmmcr.0.000066
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most Cited This Month

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error