1887

Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and ultimately fatal lung disease. One of the risk factors involved in the acquisition of IPF is viral infections, especially respiratory viruses. In the present study, we investigated the detection of respiratory viruses and the possible relationship between these viruses and IPF.

This cross-sectional study was supported by the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. A total of 40 respiratory samples (five nasopharyngeal and 35 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens) were obtained from IPF patients referred to IUMS hospitals between April 2015 and December 2016. Assays were performed using the CLART Pneumovir DNA array assay, which made it possible to detect five genera of respiratory viruses simultaneously.

Altogether, 22 of the 40 participants were male. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza, rhino, corona and influenza viruses were found in 2.5 % (1/40), 7.5 % (3/40), 10 % (4/40), 2.5 % (1/40) and 0% (0/40) of cases, respectively.

Determining a correlation between the viruses and IPF is not an easy task, and therefore, this will require more research. In addition, the CLART Pneumovir DNA array can be considered as a useful method for simultaneous detection of several viral respiratory infections.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000628
2017-11-01
2024-12-07
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/66/11/1602.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000628&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y, Garcia CA, Azuma A et al. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline: treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. An update of the 2011 clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:e3e19 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Raghu G, Weycker D, Edelsberg J, Bradford WZ, Oster G. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:810–816 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Borchers AT, Chang C, Keen CL, Gershwin ME. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-an epidemiological and pathological review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2011; 40:117–134 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Moradi P, Keyvani H, Javad Mousavi SA, Karbalaie Niya MH, Esghaei M et al. Investigation of viral infection in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis among Iranian patients in Tehran. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:171–174 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Molyneaux PL, Maher TM. The role of infection in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2013; 22:376–381 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Kottmann RM, Hogan CM, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. Determinants of initiation and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2009; 14:917–933 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Vannella KM, Moore BB. Viruses as co-factors for the initiation or exacerbation of lung fibrosis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2008; 1:2 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Stewart JP, Usherwood EJ, Ross A, Dyson H, Nash T. Lung epithelial cells are a major site of murine gammaherpesvirus persistence. J Exp Med 1998; 187:1941–1951 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Goldring MB, Birkhead J, Sandell LJ, Kimura T, Krane SM. Interleukin 1 suppresses expression of cartilage-specific types II and IX collagens and increases types I and III collagens in human chondrocytes. J Clin Invest 1988; 82:2026–2037 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Zhang K, Gharaee-Kermani M, McGarry B, Remick D, Phan SH. TNF-alpha-mediated lung cytokine networking and eosinophil recruitment in pulmonary fibrosis. J Immunol 1997; 158:954–959[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Agostini C, Gurrieri C. Chemokine/cytokine cocktail in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006; 3:357–363 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Sharma BB, Singh V. Flu and pulmonary fibrosis. Lung India 2013; 30:95 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fotouhi F, Farahmand B, Heidarchi B, Esghaei M, Rafati S et al. In vitro evaluation of influenza M2 and Leishmania major HSP70 (221-604) Chimer Protein. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7: [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Wen Y, Deng BC, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Cui W et al. Immunological features in patients with pneumonitis due to influenza A H1N1 infection. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21:44[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. To KK, Hung IF, Li IW, Lee KL, Koo CK et al. Delayed clearance of viral load and marked cytokine activation in severe cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:850–859 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. van Reeth K. Cytokines in the pathogenesis of influenza. Vet Microbiol 2000; 74:109–116 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Liu WK, Liu Q, Chen DH, Liang HX, Chen XK et al. Epidemiology and clinical presentation of the four human parainfluenza virus types. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:28 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Vainionpää R, Hyypiä T. Biology of parainfluenza viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994; 7:265–275 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Jacobs SE, Lamson DM, St George K, Walsh TJ. Human rhinoviruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2013; 26:135–162 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. de Almeida MB, Zerbinati RM, Tateno AF, Oliveira CM, Romão RM et al. Rhinovirus C and respiratory exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:996–999 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. de Groot R, Baker S, Baric R, Enjuanes L, Gorbalenya A et al. Family Coronaviridae. Virus Taxonomy 2012 pp. 806–828
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Tse GM, To KF, Chan PK, Lo AW, Ng KC et al. Pulmonary pathological features in coronavirus associated severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Clin Pathol 2004; 57:260–265 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Evans B. Perspectives in Medical Virology Elsevier; 2003
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Greensill J, Mcnamara PS, Dove W, Flanagan B, Smyth RL et al. Human metapneumovirus in severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:372–375 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Eckardt-Michel J, Lorek M, Baxmann D, Grunwald T, Keil GM et al. The fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus triggers p53-dependent apoptosis. J Virol 2008; 82:3236–3249 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J et al. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:788–824 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Frickmann H, Jungblut S, Hirche TO, Groß U, Kuhns M et al. Spectrum of viral infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Microbiol Immunol 2012; 2:161–175 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Wootton SC, Kim DS, Kondoh Y, Chen E, Lee JS et al. Viral infection in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1698–1702 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Ushiki A, Yamazaki Y, Hama M, Yasuo M, Hanaoka M et al. Viral infections in patients with an acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Respir Investig 2014; 52:65–70 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Calvo C, García-García ML, Blanco C, Vázquez MC, Frías ME et al. Multiple simultaneous viral infections in infants with acute respiratory tract infections in Spain. J Clin Virol 2008; 42:268–272 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Miron D, Srugo I, Kra-Oz Z, Keness Y, Wolf D et al. Sole pathogen in acute bronchiolitis: is there a role for other organisms apart from respiratory syncytial virus?. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010; 29:e7e10 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Frobert E, Escuret V, Javouhey E, Casalegno JS, Bouscambert-Duchamp M et al. Respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital intensive care units: evaluating the CLART® Pneumovir DNA array. J Med Virol 2011; 83:150–155 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Yokoyama T, Chida K, Azuma A et al. Occupational and environmental factors and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Japan. Ann Occup Hyg 2005; 49:259–265 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000628
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000628
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error