1887

Abstract

The catalytic subunit of the herpes simplex virus 1 DNA polymerase (HSV-1 Pol) is essential for viral DNA synthesis and production of infectious virus in cell culture. While mutations that affect 5′–3′ polymerase activity have been evaluated in animal models of HSV-1 infection, mutations that affect other functions of HSV-1 Pol have not. In a previous report, we utilized bacterial artificial chromosome technology to generate defined HSV-1 mutants with lesions in the previously uncharacterized pre-NH-terminal domain. We found that the extreme N-terminal 42 residues (deletion mutant ΔN43) were dispensable for replication in cell culture, while residues 44–49 (alanine-substitution mutant A) were required for efficient viral DNA synthesis and production of infectious virus. In this study, we sought to address the importance of these conserved elements in viral replication in a mouse corneal infection model. Mutant virus ΔN43 exhibited no meaningful defect in acute or latent infection despite strong conservation of residues 1–42 with HSV-2 Pol. The A mutation caused a modest defect in replication at the site of inoculation, and was severely impaired for ganglionic replication, even at high inocula that permitted efficient corneal replication. Additionally, the A mutation resulted in reduced latency establishment and subsequent reactivation. Moreover, we found that the A replication defect in cultured cells was exacerbated in resting cells as compared to dividing cells. These results reveal an important role for the conserved motif at residues 44–49 of HSV-1 Pol for ganglionic viral replication.

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2014-04-01
2024-12-05
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