1887

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Volume 104, Issue 11

Evolution of the coronavirus spike protein in the full-length genome and defective viral genome under diverse selection pressures Open Access

Abstract

How coronaviruses evolve by altering the structures of their full-length genome and defective viral genome (DVG) under dynamic selection pressures has not been studied. In this study, we aimed to experimentally identify the dynamic evolutionary patterns of the S protein sequence in the full-length genome and DVG under diverse selection pressures, including persistence, innate immunity and antiviral drugs. The evolutionary features of the S protein sequence in the full-length genome and in the DVG under diverse selection pressures are as follows: (i) the number of nucleotide (nt) mutations does not necessarily increase with the number of selection pressures; (ii) certain types of selection pressure(s) can lead to specific nt mutations; (iii) the mutated nt sequence can be reverted to the wild-type nt sequence under the certain type of selection pressure(s); (iv) the DVG can also undergo mutations and evolve independently of the full-length genome; and (v) DVG species are regulated during evolution under diverse selection pressures. The various evolutionary patterns of the S protein sequence in the full-length genome and DVG identified in this study may contribute to coronaviral fitness under diverse selection pressures.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): coronavirus , defective viral genome , evolution , selection pressure and spike protein
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • National Science and Technology Council (Award 109-2313-B-005 -013 -MY3, 110-2327-B-005 -003 and 111-2327-B-005 -003)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Hung-YiWu
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The Microbiology Society waived the open access fees for this article.
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2023-11-24
2024-04-28
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Evolution of the coronavirus spike protein in the full-length genome and defective viral genome under diverse selection pressures
J. Gen. Virol. 104, 001920 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001920
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001920
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001920
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