1887

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Volume 103, Issue 10

Characterization of Mayaro virus (strain BeAn343102) biology in vertebrate and invertebrate cellular backgrounds No Access

Abstract

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging New World alphavirus (genus , family ) that causes acute multiphasic febrile illness, skin rash, polyarthritis and occasional severe clinical phenotypes. The virus lifecycle alternates between invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Here we characterize the replication features, cell entry, lifecycle and virus-related cell pathology of MAYV using vertebrate and invertebrate models. Electron-dense clathrin-coated pits in infected cells and reduced viral production in the presence of dynasore, ammonium chloride and bafilomycin indicate that viral entry occurs through pH-dependent endocytosis. Increase in FITC-dextran uptake (an indicator of macropinocytosis) in MAYV-infected cells, and dose-dependent infection inhibition by 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (a macropinocytosis inhibitor), indicated that macropinocytosis is an additional entry mechanism of MAYV in vertebrate cells. Acutely infected vertebrate and invertebrate cells formed cytoplasmic or membrane-associated extracytoplasmic replication complexes. Mosquito cells showed modified hybrid cytoplasmic vesicles that supported virus replication, nucleocapsid production and maturation. Mature virus particles were released from cells by both exocytosis and budding from the cell membrane. MAYV replication was cytopathic and associated with induction of apoptosis by the intrinsic pathway, and later by the extrinsic pathway in infected vertebrate cells. Given that MAYV is expanding its geographical existence as a potential public health problem, this study lays the foundation for biological understanding that will be valuable for therapeutic and preventive interventions.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): arbovirus , cytopathic vacuoles , macropinocytosis , Mayaro virus and virus–host interactions
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • School of Medicine, University of South Carolina (Award ASPIRE grant)
    • Principle Award Recipient: SujitPujhari
  • Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (Award Seed grant)
    • Principle Award Recipient: SujitPujhari
  • NIH (Award R21AI151475)
    • Principle Award Recipient: SujitPujhari
  • Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences (Award Dorothy Foehr Huck and J. Lloyd Huck endowment)
    • Principle Award Recipient: JasonL Rasgon
  • Pennsylvania Department of Health (Award Tobacco Settlement Funds)
    • Principle Award Recipient: JasonL Rasgon
  • USDA (Award Accession #1010032; Project #PEN04608)
    • Principle Award Recipient: JasonL Rasgon
  • NIH (Award R01AI150251, R01AI128201, R01AI116636, R21AI128918)
    • Principle Award Recipient: JasonL Rasgon
© 2022 The Authors
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2022-10-10
2024-05-05
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Characterization of Mayaro virus (strain BeAn343102) biology in vertebrate and invertebrate cellular backgrounds
J. Gen. Virol. 103, 001794 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001794
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001794
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001794
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