1887

Journal of General Virology header logo

Volume 80, Issue 7

TT virus sequence heterogeneity : evidence for co-infection with multiple genetic types Free

Abstract

TT virus (TTV) is a newly described DNA virus of humans that exhibits an unusually high degree of genetic heterogeneity. We have performed extensive analysis of the TTV populations present in samples, taken over a period of 2 to 6 years, from three individuals with persistent TTV infection. TTV DNA titres estimated for sequential samples were found to be quite stable over the entire study period in two patients, but fluctuated considerably in the third. DNA sequence analysis revealed different genetic diversity among TTV populations from samples from the three patients. In one case, absolute sequence homogeneity was observed among samples over a 3 year period. In a second, a limited amount of heterogeneity was found, including one sequence exhibiting G-->A hypermutation. TTV DNA sequences from the third patient exhibited quite remarkable genetic heterogeneity: evidence was found of seven distinct infecting viruses, representing four of the six TTV genotypes that have been described. In addition, minor variants of three of these seven sequences were observed. The heterogeneity of the viral population in this individual declined steadily over a 6 year period. This patient infected with a genetically diverse TTV population had the highest viral DNA titre.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
© Journal of General Virology 1999
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-80-7-1759
1999-07-01
2024-04-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/80/7/0801759a.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-80-7-1759&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Agostini H. T., Ryschkewitsch C. F., Singer E. J., Stoner G. L. 1997; JC virus regulatory region rearrangements and genotypes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: two independent aspects of virus variation. Journal of General Virology 78:659–664
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Aitken C., Sengupta S. K., Aedes C., Moss D. J., Sculley T. B. 1994; Heterogeneity within the Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 gene in different strains of Epstein–Barr virus. Journal of General Virology 75:95–100
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Ball J. K., Curran R. 1997; Production of single stranded DNA using an enzymatic asymmetric PCR method. Analytical Biochemistry 253:264–267
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Busson P., Edwards R. H., Tursz T., Raab-Traub N. 1995; Sequence polymorphism in the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein (LMP)-2 gene. Journal of General Virology 76:139–145
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Chan S.-Y., Delius H., Halpern A. L., Bernard H.-U. 1995; Analysis of genomic sequences of 95 papillomavirus types: uniting typing, phylogeny, and taxonomy. Journal of Virology 69:3074–3083
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Felsenstein J. 1985; Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Gottschalck E., Alexandersen S., Cohn A., Poulsen L. A., Bloom M. E., Aasted B. 1991; Nucleotide sequence analysis of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus shows that multiple virus types are present in infected mink. Journal of Virology 65:4378–4386
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Gouy M., Gautier C., Attimonelli M., Lanave C., Di Paola G. 1985; ACNUC – a portable retrieval system for nucleic acid sequence databases: logical and physical designs and usage. CABIOS 1:167–172
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Hemauer A., von Poblotzki A., Gigler A., Cassinotti P., Siegl G., Wolf H., Modrow S. 1996; Sequence variability among different parvovirus B19 isolates. Journal of General Virology 77:1781–1785
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Höhne M., Berg T., Müller A. R., Schreier E. 1998; Detection of sequences of TT virus, a novel DNA virus, in German patients. Journal of General Virology 79:2761–2764
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Irving W. L., Ball J. K., Berridge S., Curran R., Grabowska A. M., Jameson C. L., Neal K. R., Ryder S. D., Thomson B. J. 1999; TT virus infection in patients with hepatitis C: persistence, sequence heterogeneity and effect on liver disease. Journal of Infectious Diseases (in press)
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kerr J. R., Curran M. D., Moore J. E., Murphy P. G. 1995; Parvovirus B19 infection –persistence and genetic variation. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 27:551–557
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Kimura M. 1980; A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16:111–120
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Lorincz A. T., Reid R., Jenson A. B., Greenberg M. D., Lancaster W. D., Kurman R. J. 1992; Human papillomavirus infection of the cervix: relative risk associations of 15 common anogenital types. Obstetrics and Gynaecology 79:328–337
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Meyerhans A., Cheynier R., Albert J., Seth M., Kwok S., Sninsky J., Mofeldt-Manson L., Asjo B., Wain-Hobson S. 1989; Temporal fluctuations in HIV quasispecies in vivo are not reflected by sequential HIV isolations. Cell 58:901–910
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Meyer-Konig U., Ebert K., Schrage B., Pollak S., Hufert F. T. 1998; Simultaneous infection of healthy people with multiple human cytomegalovirus strains. Lancet 352:1280–1281
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Naoumov N. V., Petrova E. P., Thomas M. G., Williams R. 1998; Presence of a newly described human DNA virus (TTV) in patients with liver disease. Lancet 352:195–197
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Nishizawa T., Okamoto H., Konishi K., Yoshizawa H., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1997; A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 241:92–97
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Okamoto H., Nishizawa T., Kato N., Ukita M., Ikeda H., Iizuka H., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1998a; Molecular cloning and characterisation of a novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with post-transfusion hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Hepatology Research 10:1–16
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Okamoto H., Akahane Y., Ukita M., Fukuda M., Tsuda F., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1998b; Fecal excretion of a non-enveloped DNA virus (TTV) associated with post-transfusion non-A-G hepatitis. Journal of Medical Virology 56:128–132
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Ong C.-K., Chan S.-Y., Campo M. S., Fujinaga K., Mavromara-Nazos P., Labropoulou V., Pfister H., Tay S.-K., ter Meulen J., Villa L. L., Bernard H.-U. 1993; Evolution of human papillomavirus type 18: an ancient phylogenetic root in Africa and intratype diversity reflect coevolution with human ethnic groups. Journal of Virology 67:6424–6431
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Prescott L. E., Simmonds P. International Collaborators 1998 New England Journal of Medicine 339:776–777
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Pushko P., Sasagawa T., Cuzick J., Crawford L. 1994; Sequence variation in the capsid protein genes of human papillomavirus type 16. Journal of General Virology 75:911–916
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Saitou N., Nei M. 1987; The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing evolutionary trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4:406–425
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Simmonds P., Balfe P., Peutherer J. F., Ludlam C. A., Bishop J. O., Leigh Brown A. J. 1990; Human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals contain provirus in small numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and at low copy number. Journal of Virology 64:864–872
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Simmonds P., Davidson F., Lycett C., Prescott L. E., MacDonald D. M., Ellender J., Yap P. L., Ludlam C. A., Haydon G. H., Gillon J., Jarvis L. M. 1998; Detection of a novel DNA virus (TTV) in blood donors and blood products. Lancet 352:191–5
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Smith D. B., Inglis S. C. 1987; The mutation rate and variability of eukaryotic viruses: an analytical overview. Journal of General Virology 68:2729–2740
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Swofford D. L., Olsen G. J., Waddell P. J., Hillis D. M. 1996; Phylogenetic inference. In Molecular Systematics 2nd edn pp 407–514 Edited by Hillis D. M., Moritz C., Mable B. K. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates;
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Takahashi K., Ohta Y., Mishiro S. 1998a; Partial [similar] 2. 4-kb sequences of TT virus (TTV) genome from eight Japanese isolates: diagnostic and phylogenetic implications. Hepatology Research 12:111–120
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Takahashi K., Hoshino H., Ohta Y., Nobuhiko Y., Mishiro S. 1998b; Very high prevalence of TT virus (TTV) infection in the general population of Japan revealed by a new set of PCR primers. Hepatology Research 12:233–239
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Tanaka Y., Mizokami M., Orito E., Ohno T., Nakono T., Kato T., Kato H., Mukaide M., Park Y.-M., Kim B.-S., Ueda R. 1998a; New genotypes of TT virus (TTV) and a genotyping assay based on restriction fragment length polymorphism. FEBS Letters 437:201–206
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Tanaka H., Okamoto H., Luengrojanakul P., Chainuvati T., Tsuda F., Tanaka T., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1998b; Infection with an unenveloped DNA virus (TTV) associated with post-transfusion non-A to G hepatitis in hepatitis patients and healthy blood donors in Thailand. Journal of Medical Virology 56:234–238
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Thompson J. D., Higgins D. G., Gibson T. J. 1994; CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22:4673–4680
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Triantos D., Boulter A. W., Leao J. C., Di Alberti L., Porter S. R., Scully M., Birnbaum W., Johnson N. W., Teo C. G. 1998; Diversity of naturally occurring Epstein–Barr virus revealed by nucleotide sequence polymorphism in hypervariable domains in the BamHI K and N subgenomic regions. Journal of General Virology 79:2809–2817
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Viazov S., Ross R. S., Niel C., de Oliveira J. M., Varenholz C., Da Villa G., Roggendorf M. 1998; Sequence variability in the putative coding region of TT virus: evidence for two rather than several major genotypes. Journal of General Virology 79:3085–3089
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-80-7-1759
Loading
TT virus sequence heterogeneity in vivo: evidence for co-infection with multiple genetic types
J. Gen. Virol. 80, 1759 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-80-7-1759
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-80-7-1759
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-80-7-1759
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error